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A linear mixture rule has been used to calculate the electrical conductivity of warm dense titanium plasmas in the density and temperature ranges of 10-510 gcm-3 and 1043104 K, in which the interactions among electrons, atoms, and ions are considered systemically. In the first place, the coupling and degeneracy parameters of titanium plasma are shown as a function of density and temperature in the warm dense range. The warm dense titanium plasmas span from weakly coupled, nondegenerate region to strongly coupled, degenerate domain in the whole density and temperature regime. The titanium plasma becomes strongly coupled plasma at higher than 0.22 gcm-3 and almost in the whole temperature range where the coupling parameter ii 1. In particular, the Coulomb interactions become stronger at higher than 0.56 gcm-3 where 10 ii 216. At the same time, the titanium plasma is in the degenerate regime at higher than 0.35 gcm-3 where the degeneracy parameter 1, and is in the nondegenerate or partial degenerate regime at lower than 0.35 gcm-3 where 1. The influence of temperature on the coupling and degeneracy parameters is less than that of the density, and the plasma composition is calculated by the nonideal Saha equation felicitously. Thus the ionization degree decreases with increasing density at lower density, which is due to the thermal ionization in that regime where the free electrons have sufficiently high thermal energy. Meanwhile, the ionization degree increases with the increase of density at higher than 0.1 gcm-3, in which the pressure ionization takes place in the region where the electrons have sufficiently high density and the collisions increase rapidly. There is a minimum for the ionization degree at about 0.1 gcm-3, while the maximum ionization degree reaches 4 at 10 gcm-3. In the whole temperature regime, the titanium plasma is mostly in the partial plasma domain at lower than 1 gcm-3, and becomes completely ionized at higher than 1 gcm-3. The calculated conductivity is in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. At a fixed temperature, there is a minimum in each of the ionization curves at lower than 3104 K. And the position of the minimum is shifted towards decreasing density with increasing temperature. The conductivity monotonously increases as the density increases at a temprature of 3104 K. At a constant density, the conductivity increases with increasing temperature for lower than 0.56 gcm-3, while it decreases with increasing temperature for higher than 0.56 gcm-3. This behavior is connected with the nonmetal to metal transition in a dense plasma regime. So the nonmetal to metal transition in dense titanium plasma occurs at about 0.56 gcm-3 and its corresponding electrical conductivity is 1.5105 -1m-1. Finally, the contour of electrical conductivity of titanium plasma is shown as a function of density and temperature in the whole range. Its electrical conductivity spans a range from 103 to 106 -1m-1. It can be seen that the titanium plasma gradually approaches the semiconducting regime as temperature increases. When the order of magnitude of the electrical conductivity reaches 105 -1m-1, the plasma almost becomes conducting fluid in the higher density range. This also demonstrates that a nonmetal-metal transition has taken place in the warm dense titanium plasma.
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Keywords:
- warm dense titanium /
- linear mixture rule /
- electrical conductivity
[1] DeSilva A, Vunni G 2011 Phys. Rev. E 83 037402
[2] Zaghloul M 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 042705
[3] Clrouin J, Renaudin P, Laudernet Y, Noiret P, Desjarlais M 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 064203
[4] Renaudin P, Blancard C, Faussurier G, Noiret P 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 215001
[5] Fan D, Huang Z C, Huang J K, Wang X X, Huang Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 108102 (in Chinese) [樊丁, 黄自成, 黄健康, 王新鑫, 黄勇 2015 64 108102]
[6] Chen Y Q 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 205201 (in Chinese) [陈艳秋 2014 63 205201]
[7] Faussurier G, Blancard C, Renaudin P, Silvestrelli P 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 75106
[8] Recoules V, Crocombette J 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 104202
[9] Kim D, Kim I 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 56410
[10] Recoules V, Renaudin P, Clrouin J, Noiret P, Zrah G 2002 Phys. Rev. E 66 056412
[11] Desjarlais M, Kress J, Collins L 2002 Phys. Rev. E66 025401
[12] Krisch I, Kunze H 1998 Phys. Rev. E 58 6557
[13] Mostovych A, Chan Y 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 5094
[14] DeSilva A, Kunze H 1994 Phys. Rev. E 49 4448
[15] DeSilva A, Katsouros J 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 5945
[16] Tkachenko I, Fernandez de Cordoba P 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 2222
[17] Redmer R 1999 Phys. Rev. E 59 1073
[18] Kuhlbrodt S, Redmer R 2000 Phys. Rev. E 62 7191
[19] Grinenko A, Gurovich V T, Saypin A, Efimov S, Krasik Y E, Oreshkin V 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 066401
[20] Barysevich A E, Cherkas S L 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 052703
[21] Sheftman D, Krasik Y E 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 112702
[22] Haun J, Kunze H, Kosse S, Schlanges M, Redmer R 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 46407
[23] Haun J, Kosse S, Kunze H, Schlanges M, Redmer R 2001 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 41 275
[24] Haun J 2000 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 40 126
[25] Kloss A, Motzke T, Grossjohann R, Hess H 1996 Phys. Rev. E 54 5851
[26] Likalter A 1997 Phys. Scr. 55 114
[27] Saleem S, Haun J, Kunze H 2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 56403
[28] Saleem S 2001 Ph. D. Dissertation (Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat)
[29] Desjarlais M 2001 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 41 267
[30] Redmer R, Ropke G, Beule D, Ebeling W 1999 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 39 25
[31] Adams J, Reinholz H, Redmer R, Mintsev V, Shilkin N, Gryaznov V 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 36405
[32] Redmer R 1997 Phys. Rep. 282 35
[33] Recoules V, Lambert F, Decoster A, Canaud B, Clrouin J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 075002
[34] Glenzer S, Redmer R 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1625
[35] Kress J, Cohen J, Kilcrease D, Horner D, Collins L 2011 Phys. Rev. E 83 026404
[36] Kress J, Cohen J, Horner D, Lambert F, Collins L 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 036404
[37] Zaghloul M 2004 Phys. Rev. E 69 026702
[38] Kim D, Kim I 2007 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 47 173
[39] Zaghloul M, Bourham M, Doster J 2000 Phys. Lett. A 266 34
[40] Zaghloul M, Bourham M, Doster J, Powell J 1999 Phys. Lett. A 262 86
[41] Bespalov I M, Polishchuk A Y 1989 Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 15 39
[42] Salzmann D, Krumbein A 1978 J. Appl. Phys. 49 3229
[43] Reinholz H, Redmer R, Nagel S 1995 Phys. Rev. E 52 5368
[44] Kietzmann A, Holst B, Redmer R, Desjarlais M, Mattsson T 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 190602
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[1] DeSilva A, Vunni G 2011 Phys. Rev. E 83 037402
[2] Zaghloul M 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 042705
[3] Clrouin J, Renaudin P, Laudernet Y, Noiret P, Desjarlais M 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 064203
[4] Renaudin P, Blancard C, Faussurier G, Noiret P 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 215001
[5] Fan D, Huang Z C, Huang J K, Wang X X, Huang Y 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 108102 (in Chinese) [樊丁, 黄自成, 黄健康, 王新鑫, 黄勇 2015 64 108102]
[6] Chen Y Q 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 205201 (in Chinese) [陈艳秋 2014 63 205201]
[7] Faussurier G, Blancard C, Renaudin P, Silvestrelli P 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 75106
[8] Recoules V, Crocombette J 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 104202
[9] Kim D, Kim I 2003 Phys. Rev. E 68 56410
[10] Recoules V, Renaudin P, Clrouin J, Noiret P, Zrah G 2002 Phys. Rev. E 66 056412
[11] Desjarlais M, Kress J, Collins L 2002 Phys. Rev. E66 025401
[12] Krisch I, Kunze H 1998 Phys. Rev. E 58 6557
[13] Mostovych A, Chan Y 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 5094
[14] DeSilva A, Kunze H 1994 Phys. Rev. E 49 4448
[15] DeSilva A, Katsouros J 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 5945
[16] Tkachenko I, Fernandez de Cordoba P 1998 Phys. Rev. E 57 2222
[17] Redmer R 1999 Phys. Rev. E 59 1073
[18] Kuhlbrodt S, Redmer R 2000 Phys. Rev. E 62 7191
[19] Grinenko A, Gurovich V T, Saypin A, Efimov S, Krasik Y E, Oreshkin V 2005 Phys. Rev. E 72 066401
[20] Barysevich A E, Cherkas S L 2011 Phys. Plasmas 18 052703
[21] Sheftman D, Krasik Y E 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 112702
[22] Haun J, Kunze H, Kosse S, Schlanges M, Redmer R 2002 Phys. Rev. E 65 46407
[23] Haun J, Kosse S, Kunze H, Schlanges M, Redmer R 2001 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 41 275
[24] Haun J 2000 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 40 126
[25] Kloss A, Motzke T, Grossjohann R, Hess H 1996 Phys. Rev. E 54 5851
[26] Likalter A 1997 Phys. Scr. 55 114
[27] Saleem S, Haun J, Kunze H 2001 Phys. Rev. E 64 56403
[28] Saleem S 2001 Ph. D. Dissertation (Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat)
[29] Desjarlais M 2001 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 41 267
[30] Redmer R, Ropke G, Beule D, Ebeling W 1999 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 39 25
[31] Adams J, Reinholz H, Redmer R, Mintsev V, Shilkin N, Gryaznov V 2007 Phys. Rev. E 76 36405
[32] Redmer R 1997 Phys. Rep. 282 35
[33] Recoules V, Lambert F, Decoster A, Canaud B, Clrouin J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 075002
[34] Glenzer S, Redmer R 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1625
[35] Kress J, Cohen J, Kilcrease D, Horner D, Collins L 2011 Phys. Rev. E 83 026404
[36] Kress J, Cohen J, Horner D, Lambert F, Collins L 2010 Phys. Rev. E 82 036404
[37] Zaghloul M 2004 Phys. Rev. E 69 026702
[38] Kim D, Kim I 2007 Contrib. Plasma Phys. 47 173
[39] Zaghloul M, Bourham M, Doster J 2000 Phys. Lett. A 266 34
[40] Zaghloul M, Bourham M, Doster J, Powell J 1999 Phys. Lett. A 262 86
[41] Bespalov I M, Polishchuk A Y 1989 Sov. Tech. Phys. Lett. 15 39
[42] Salzmann D, Krumbein A 1978 J. Appl. Phys. 49 3229
[43] Reinholz H, Redmer R, Nagel S 1995 Phys. Rev. E 52 5368
[44] Kietzmann A, Holst B, Redmer R, Desjarlais M, Mattsson T 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 190602
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