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电场与里德伯态能级互相作用产生Stark效应可以通过EIT光谱的频移量进行量子探测, 利用频移量与电场之间的函数关系, 能够实现电场的测量. 但是当探测光与耦合光偏振方向失配时会导致频移量的测量结果出现误差, 进而影响电场的准确测量. 本文首先求解密度矩阵方程进而推导EIT-Stark数学模型, 分析探测光和耦合光偏振方向对模型的影响. 其次, 本文采用内置极板的方法避免了由于碱金属原子附着在原子蒸气室表面对加载电场所造成的屏蔽作用. 最后, 通过调控激光偏振方向, 验证了偏振失配对EIT光谱以及电场测量结果的影响. 实验数据显示, 探测光和耦合光偏振方向互为平行时, 为激光最匹配的偏振方向, EIT光谱峰值最大, 电场测量最大相对误差为1.67%. 探测光和耦合光偏振方向夹角为45°时, 激光偏振失配程度最严重, EIT光谱峰值最小, 电场测量最大相对误差为10.24%.The interaction between an electric field and the energy levels of Rydberg states results in the Stark effect, which can be used for quantum detection by measuring the frequency shift in electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra. By using the functional relationship between the frequency shift and the electric field, it is possible to measure the electric field in question. However, the mismatch between the probe laser and the polarization direction of the coupled laser leads to errors in the measurement of the frequency shift, affecting the accurate measurement of the electric field. In this work, the Schrödinger equation is solved by perturbation method to derive the functional relationship between the energy offset and the electric field strength. Then, the functional relationship between the energy offset and the electric field strength is brought into the solution of the density matrix equation, and the influences of the polarization direction of the detected light and coupled light on the EIT-Stark mathematical model are analyzed. Then an internal electrode method is used to prevent shielding effects caused by alkali metal atoms adhering to the surface of the atomic vapor cell, thereby enabling the application of the electric field. The calibration of the Rydberg state polarisation rate is achieved by using a standard source and measuring the frequency shift of the EIT spectrum. Finally, the effects of polarisation mismatch on the measurement results of EIT spectrum and the electric field are verified by modulating the laser polarization direction. The experimental data show that when the polarization directions of the probe laser and coupled laser are parallel to each other, it is the most matched polarization direction for the lasers, the peak value of the EIT spectrum is the largest, and the maximum relative error of the electric field measurement is 1.67%. When the angle between the polarisation directions of the probe light and the coupled light laser is 45°, the laser polarisation mismatch is the most severe, the EIT spectral peak is the lowest and the maximum relative error of the electric field measurement is 10.24%.
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Keywords:
- electric field measurement /
- Rydberg atom /
- electromagnetically induced transparency /
- direction of laser polarisation
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图 3 饱和光谱法稳频结构图
Fig. 3. Structural diagram of frequency stabilisation by saturation spectroscopy.
图 4 饱和光谱法锁频原理图 (a) 饱和光谱图; (b) 精细能级结构; (c) 饱和光谱及其鉴频曲线
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of frequency locking by saturation spectroscopy: (a) Saturation spectrum; (b) fine structure levels; (c) saturation spectrum and its frequency discrimination curve.
图 9 EIT光谱峰值随双光子偏振夹角增加变化曲线
Fig. 9. Variation curve of EIT spectral peak with increasing two-photon polarisation pinch angle.
图 11 激光偏振方向对EIT光谱的影响 (a)探测光和耦合光偏振方向平行; (b) 探测光和耦合光偏振方向夹角20°; (c) 探测光和耦合光偏振方向夹角45°; (d) 探测光和耦合光偏振方向垂直
Fig. 11. Effect of laser polarisation direction on EIT spectra: (a) Polarization directions of the probe light and coupling light are parallel; (b) the polarization directions of the probe light and coupling light form an angle of 20°; (c) the polarization directions of the probe light and coupling light form an angle of 45°; (d) the polarization directions of the probe light and coupling light are perpendicular.
图 13 测量结果 (a)探测光和耦合光偏振方向平行; (b)探测光和耦合光偏振方向夹角22.5°; (c)探测光和耦合光偏振方向夹角45°
Fig. 13. Measurement results: (a) Parallelism between the direction of polarisation of the probe and coupled laser; (b) 22.5° angle between the direction of polarisation of the probe and coupled laser; (c) 45° angle between the direction of polarisation of the d probe and coupled laser.
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