极强激光场驱动超亮伽马辐射和正负电子对产生的研究进展

朱兴龙; 王伟民; 余同普; 何峰; 陈民; 翁苏明; 陈黎明; 李玉同; 盛政明; 张杰

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20202224

摘要

高功率超短超强激光脉冲的诞生开启了相对论非线性光学、高强场物理、新型激光聚变、实验室天体物理等前沿领域. 近年来, 随着数拍瓦级乃至更高峰值功率激光装置的建成, 超强激光与等离子体相互作用进入到一个全新的高强场范畴. 这种极强激光场与等离子体相互作用蕴含着丰富的物理过程, 除了经典的波与粒子作用、相对论效应、有质动力效应等非线性物理过程外, 量子电动力学(QED)效应变得格外重要, 例如辐射阻尼效应、正负电子对产生、强伽马射线辐射、QED级联、真空极化等. 本文主要介绍我们近年来在极端强激光场与等离子体相互作用中激发的QED效应以及伴随的超亮强伽马射线辐射和稠密正负电子对产生等方面的研究进展.

关键词:

Abstract

The advent of high-power ultra-short ultra-intense laser pulses opens up the new frontiers of relativistic nonlinear optics, high-field physics, laser-driven inertial confined fusion, etc. In recent years, with the construction of high power laser facilities at a multi-petawatt (PW) level and above, the interaction between laser and matter enters into a new realm of high field physics, where extremely rich nonlinear physics is involved. In addition to classical nonlinear physics involving wave-particle interactions, relativistic effects, and ponderomotive force effects, the quantum electrodynamic (QED) effects occur, such as radiation reaction force, electron-positron pair production, strong γ-ray radiation, QED cascades, and vacuum polarization. This paper presents a brief overview of electron-positron pair creation and bright γ-ray emission driven by the extremely intense laser fields.

Keywords:

high-intensity laser-plasma interaction /
ultrabright γ-ray radiation /
electron-positron pair production /
quantum electrodynamics (QED)

作者及机构信息

1.
上海交通大学物理与天文学院, 激光等离子体教育部重点实验室, 上海　200240

2.
中国人民大学物理系, 北京　100872

3.
上海交通大学, IFSA协同创新中心, 上海　200240

4.
国防科技大学物理系, 长沙　410073

5.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京　100190

6.
上海交通大学, 李政道研究所, 上海　200240

通信作者: 王伟民, weiminwang1@ruc.edu.cn ; 盛政明, zmsheng@sjtu.edu.cn ;

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划(批准号: 2018YFA0404802, 2018YFA0404801)、国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11775144, 11991074, 11975154, 11925405, 11775302, 11875319)、中国科学院先导科技专项(批准号: XDA25050100, XDA25050300)和中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号: 20XNLG01)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

2.
Department of Physics, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China

3.
Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

4.
Department of Physics, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China

5.
Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

6.
Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Corresponding author: Wang Wei-Min, weiminwang1@ruc.edu.cn ; Sheng Zheng-Ming, zmsheng@sjtu.edu.cn ;

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant Nos. 2018YFA0404802, 2018YFA0404801), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11775144, 11991074, 11975154, 11925405, 11775302, 11875319), the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (Grant Nos. XDA25050100, XDA25050300), and the Fundamental Research Fund for the Central Universities, China (Grant No. 20XNLG01)

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施引文献

图 1 聚焦激光强度随时间的发展历程及其相应的物理研究范畴^[4]

Fig. 1. Progress of the focused laser intensity over years and the development of laser-driven physics^[4].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 基于第三代同步辐射源、X射线自由电子激光^[47](a)和激光等离子体方法^[8] (b)所产生的X射线辐射源的峰值亮度范围

Fig. 2. Peak brilliance for different types of X-ray radiation sources from the third-generation synchrotron-radiation sources and XFELs^[47] (a) and laser-plasma-based radiation sources^[8] (b).

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图 3 (a)丝靶方案的示意图; (b) X射线自由电子激光装置、同步辐射装置、基于激光尾场加速器的Betatron或Compton散射光源以及该细丝靶方案产生的伽马射线源光子能量和峰值亮度的范围; (c), (d)在不同驱动激光功率条件下所产生的伽马射线源的角分布和能谱分布, 图示中“ ×10”表示光子数放大10倍^[80]

Fig. 3. (a) Schematic diagram of the wire scheme; (b) chart of photon energy and brilliance of gamma-rays generated from our wire scheme, XFEL, synchrotron radiation facilities, and betatron radiation and Compton scattering based on LWFA; the angular distributions (c) and energy spectra (d) of the generated gamma-rays under different laser powers, where “ ×10” in the legend indicates the photon number multiplied by a factor of 10^[80].

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图 4 (a) 利用两级激光等离子体加速器产生极高亮度伽马射线源的原理图; (b) 三维数值模拟结果; (c)伽马射线源的能谱分布和角分布; (d) 伽马射线源峰值亮度(单位: photons/(s·mm²·mrad²·0.1%BW))关于辐射光子能量的分布^[66]

Fig. 4. (a) Concept of extremely brilliant γ-rays from a two-stage laser-plasma accelerator; (b) 3D simulation results of collimated γ-rays radiation in the two-stage LWFA scheme; (c) the angular-spectrum and angular distribution of the emitted gamma-rays; (d) the gamma-ray peak brilliance (photons/(s·mm²·mrad²·0.1%BW)) as a function of the radiated photon energy^[66].

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图 5 (a) 圆偏振拉盖尔高斯激光驱动锥-固体薄靶产生超亮阿秒伽马射线脉冲的示意图, 在强激光场作用下, 电子(红色环)从锥壁中被周期性地拉出, 并沿着激光传播方向被加速; 随后, 聚焦的强激光场被放置在锥靶外的固体薄靶(蓝色平板)反射, 从而与加速的稠密阿秒高能电子束对撞产生数MeV光子能量的超亮阿秒伽马射线脉冲(橙绿色环); (b), (c) 入射激光场和聚焦激光场的强度分布; (d)时刻t = 14T₀处的电子密度分布; (e) 时刻t = 30T₀ 处的伽马光子密度分布^[64]

Fig. 5. (a) Schematic diagram of attosecond γ-ray pulse generation from a circularly-polarized Laguerre-Gaussian laser-driven cone-foil target. Electrons (red rings) are extracted from the cone walls and accelerated by the focusing laser. Then, the focusing laser pulse is reflected by a plasma mirror/foil (blue plate) and collides head-on with the dense energetic attosecond electron bunches, resulting in efficient emission of bright multi-MeV attosecond γ-ray pulses. The spatial distributions of the laser intensity for the incident pulse (b) and in-cone pulse (c). Density distributions of electrons (d) and γ-photons (e)^[64].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 当前实验中不同物理机制下激光驱动的X射线源和伽马射线源的性能比较

Table 1. Comparison of the performance of laser-driven X-ray and gamma-ray sources under different physical mechanisms in current experiments.

	Betatron^[48]	Compton^[35]	Bremsstrahlung^[49]
能量范围/MeV	~0.1	0.3—2.0	0.1—30.0
带宽/%	~100	33—60	~100
光子数	10⁸—10⁹	10⁷—10⁸	10⁸—10⁹
峰值亮度/ (photons·s^–1· mm^–2·mrad^–2· 0.1%BW^–1)	~10²³	~10²²	~10¹⁷
尺寸/μm	~5	~4	~100
脉宽/fs	~10	~10	~10⁴
发散角/mrad	~5	~4	~40

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map

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