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Exploring the freezing process and its potential mechanism of the droplets impacting on a solid surface is desperately desired, owing to its anti-icing applications in aircraft, cable, radar, etc. On the controllable low temperature test equipment, the freezing dynamic behaviors of droplets impacting on three cold plates, made of copper, aluminum and silicon, are recorded by a high-speed camera in this paper, and characterized by the droplet spreading diameter, oscillation and freezing time. Here, the freezing behavior of droplets is predicated by observing the color change of the droplet. Through the experimental exploration and theoretical analysis, we reveal the effects of the impacting speed, surface temperature and thermal conductivity of material on the freezing dynamics of the droplet. We demonstrate that a cold surface shrinks the maximum spreading diameter of droplet compared with the surface at ambient temperature; the lower the surface temperature, the shorter the freezing time would be and the smaller the maximum spreading diameter would be; the maximum spreading diameter increases with increasing Weber number, whereas the oscillation and freezing time decrease. Meanwhile, the higher the material thermal conductivity, the shorter the freezing time would be, and the bigger the rising slope of the maximum spreading diameter with increasing Weber number will be. A function to predict the freezing time is derived from thermodynamic condition. The calculated values are in good agreement with the experimental data, with the maximum relative error of less than 5.3%.
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Keywords:
- freezing /
- droplet /
- impact /
- thermal conductivity
[1] Sun Z H, Han R J 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3185
[2] Bi F F, Guo Y L, Shen S Q, Chen J X, Li Y Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 184702 (in Chinese) [毕菲菲, 郭亚丽, 沈盛强, 陈觉先, 李熠桥 2012 61 184702]
[3] Hu H B, Huang S H, Chen L B 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 084702
[4] Okoroafor E U, Newborough M 2000 Appl. Therm. Eng. 20 737
[5] Laforte J L, Allaire M A, Laflamme J 1998 Atmos. Res. 46 143
[6] Hochart C, Fortin G, Perron J 2008 Wind Energy J. 11 319
[7] Zou M, Beckford S, Wei R 2011 Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 3786
[8] Zhou L, Xu H J, Long S K 2010 China Safety Science Journal 20 105 (in Chinese) [周莉, 徐浩军, 龚胜科 2010 中国安全科学学报 20 105]
[9] Hu H, Jin Z Y 2010 Int. J. Multiphas. Flow 36 672
[10] Wang J T, Liu Z L, Gou Y J 2006 Sci. China Ser. E 49 590
[11] Hoke J L 2000 Ph. D. Dissertation (USA Illinois: University of Illinois)
[12] Huang L Y, Liu Z L, Liu Y M 2010 J. Eng. Thermophys.-Rus 31 647 (in Chinese) [黄玲艳, 刘中良, 刘耀民 2010 工程热 31 647]
[13] Zhu W Y 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Dalian: Dalian University of Technology) (in Chinese) [朱卫英 2007 硕士学位论文(大连: 大连理工大学)]
[14] Antonini C, Innocenti M, Horn T 2011 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 67 58
[15] Kulinich S A, Farhadi S, Nose K 2011 Langmuir 27 25
[16] Varanasi K K, Deng T, Smith J D 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 234102
[17] Tao W Q 2006 Heat Transfer (Xian: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press) (in Chinese) [陶文铨 2006 传热学(西安: 西北工业大学出版社)]
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[1] Sun Z H, Han R J 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3185
[2] Bi F F, Guo Y L, Shen S Q, Chen J X, Li Y Q 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 184702 (in Chinese) [毕菲菲, 郭亚丽, 沈盛强, 陈觉先, 李熠桥 2012 61 184702]
[3] Hu H B, Huang S H, Chen L B 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 084702
[4] Okoroafor E U, Newborough M 2000 Appl. Therm. Eng. 20 737
[5] Laforte J L, Allaire M A, Laflamme J 1998 Atmos. Res. 46 143
[6] Hochart C, Fortin G, Perron J 2008 Wind Energy J. 11 319
[7] Zou M, Beckford S, Wei R 2011 Appl. Surf. Sci. 257 3786
[8] Zhou L, Xu H J, Long S K 2010 China Safety Science Journal 20 105 (in Chinese) [周莉, 徐浩军, 龚胜科 2010 中国安全科学学报 20 105]
[9] Hu H, Jin Z Y 2010 Int. J. Multiphas. Flow 36 672
[10] Wang J T, Liu Z L, Gou Y J 2006 Sci. China Ser. E 49 590
[11] Hoke J L 2000 Ph. D. Dissertation (USA Illinois: University of Illinois)
[12] Huang L Y, Liu Z L, Liu Y M 2010 J. Eng. Thermophys.-Rus 31 647 (in Chinese) [黄玲艳, 刘中良, 刘耀民 2010 工程热 31 647]
[13] Zhu W Y 2007 M. S. Dissertation (Dalian: Dalian University of Technology) (in Chinese) [朱卫英 2007 硕士学位论文(大连: 大连理工大学)]
[14] Antonini C, Innocenti M, Horn T 2011 Cold Reg. Sci. Technol. 67 58
[15] Kulinich S A, Farhadi S, Nose K 2011 Langmuir 27 25
[16] Varanasi K K, Deng T, Smith J D 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 234102
[17] Tao W Q 2006 Heat Transfer (Xian: Northwestern Polytechnical University Press) (in Chinese) [陶文铨 2006 传热学(西安: 西北工业大学出版社)]
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