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Pattern discharge is a common mode in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and has broad application prospects in various industrial fields, such as material surface treatment, environmental monitoring, and biomedical applications. In this work, a mixed gas of 75% argon and 25% air was used to generate pattern discharge. A double-gap boundary composed of hexagonal and square configurations was employed, and the gas pressure was fixed at 20 kPa. By varying the applied voltage amplitude, single-ring pattern, square-point-line pattern, square lattice pattern, and annular-lattice pattern were obtained for the first time. The discharge characteristics and their temporal correlation were studied using both optical and electrical methods. The results show that the discharge patterns exhibit multiple discharges within each half of the voltage cycle, and these discharges are temporally correlated. Time-resolved discharge images of the square lattice pattern were captured using an enhanced charge-coupled device (ICCD). Experimental results reveal that multiple discharges within a half-voltage cycle correspond to the ignition process of the pattern in the radial direction from the outside to the inside. The morphology of the square lattice pattern observed by the naked eye is actually the result of the temporal superposition of luminescence from points at different positions during the evolution process. The formation mechanism of this pattern was analyzed through electric field simulations and theoretical calculations. Plasma parameters were diagnosed by collecting the emission spectrum of the square dot-lattice pattern. The results showed that the electron density gradually decreases radially from the outer to the inner region, while the electron temperature and molecular vibrational temperature increase radially from the outer to the inner region, and the molecular rotational temperature remains almost unchanged.
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