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Orthogonally-polarized dual-wavelength laser has significant practical applications in various fields, such as precision metrology, terahertz radiation generation, differential radar, spectral analysis. The Nd:YLF crystal has two orthogonally-polarized emission peaks with comparable emission cross sections, high-energy storage capability and relatively weak thermal lens effect. Owing to these properties, it has been recognized as a suitable gain medium for generating orthogonally-polarized dual-wavelength laser. In this paper, the Nd:YLF crystal with low doping concentration is employed as a laser gain medium to produce 1047 nm and 1053 nm dual-wavelength fundamental lasers with orthogonal polarizations, and the risk of thermal cracking of Nd:YLF crystal is reduced by appropriately increasing the pump spots. Using the intracavity Raman frequency shift in BaWO4 crystal, orthogonally-polarized dual-wavelength Raman lasers at 1159.9 nm and 1167.1 nm are achieved to have high peak power. Under the total incident pump power of 40 W and a pulse repetition rate of 5 kHz, the maximum dual-wavelength Raman output power is obtained to be 2.67 W. The corresponding total optical conversion efficiency is 6.7%. For 1159.9 nm and 1167.1 nm Raman laser, their maximum average output power values are 1.31 W and 1.36 W, respectively. Their narrowest pulse widths are 1.50 ns and 1.53 ns, and the corresponding peak power values are as high as 174.7 kW and 177.8 kW, respectively. The results show that the problem of thermal cracking of Nd:YLF crystal at high pump power can be solved by reducing the doping concentration and increasing the pump spot. The Nd:YLF/BaWO4 is a promising crystal combination for realizing orthogonally-polarized dual-wavelength Raman laser.
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Keywords:
- dual-wavelength Raman laser /
- orthogonal polarization /
- actively Q-switched /
- Nd:YLF crystal
[1] Wu B, Jiang P P, Yang D Z, Chen T, Kong J, Shen Y H 2009 Opt. Express 17 6004
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[3] Zhao P, Ragam S, Ding Y J, Zotova I B 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 4818
Google Scholar
[4] Zuo Z Y, Dai S B, Zhu S Q, Yin H, Li Z, Chen Z Q 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 4578
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[10] Lin B, Xiao K, Zhang Q L, Zhang D X, Feng B H, Li Q N, He J L 2016 Appl. Opt. 55 1844
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[11] Lv Y F, Zhang J, Xia J, Liu H L 2014 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26 656
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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图 1 主动调Q正交偏振双波长拉曼激光器装置图
Figure 1. Schematic of actively Q-switched orthogonally polarized dual-wavelength Raman laser.
图 2 不同曲率半径输出镜下(a) 1160 nm和(b) 1167 nm拉曼激光的平均输出功率随抽运功率的变化
Figure 2. Average output power at (a) 1160 nm and (b) 1167 nm versus the incident pump power for output couplers with different radii of curvature.
图 3 不同曲率半径输出镜下, 腔内不同位置处基频和拉曼激光光斑半径
Figure 3. Cavity mode radius of fundamental and Raman laser at different positions inside the cavity for output couplers with different radii of curvature.
图 4 抽运光斑直径为1200和800 μm时, 1160 nm和1167 nm拉曼激光的(a)平均输出功率和(b)脉冲宽度随抽运功率的变化
Figure 4. (a) Average output powers and (b) pulse widths of 1160 nm and 1167 nm Raman lasers versus the incident pump power with pump spot diameter of 1200 and 800 μm.
图 5 重复频率为5 kHz以及40 W抽运功率下, 双波长拉曼激光的(a)脉冲列图和(b)脉冲波形图
Figure 5. (a) Actively Q-switched laser pulse train and (b) single pulse profiles of the dual-wavelength Raman laser pulses at the full pump power of 40 W and PRF of 5 kHz.
图 6 在40 W 抽运功率下的双波长拉曼激光输出光谱图, 插图为激光二维光束强度分布图和放大的斯托克斯光谱
Figure 6. Optical spectrum of the dual-wavelength Raman laser at the full pump power of 40 W (the insets are the two-dimensional beam intensity profiles and zoomed Stokes spectrum).
表 1 Nd:YLF/BaWO4正交偏振双波长拉曼激光输出性能对比
Table 1. Comparison of performances of orthogonally polarized Nd:YLF/BaWO4 Raman lasers.
增益介质 输出拉曼
波长/nm注入功率/W 重复频率/kHz 输出功率 拉曼转换
效率脉宽/ns 峰值功率
/kW文献 Nd:YLF
BaWO41159.9
1167.120
205 1.31 W
1.36 W6.6%
6.8%1.50
1.53174.7
177.8This work Nd:YLF
BaWO41159.4
1166.85.73
4.856 423 mW
332 mW7.4%
6.8%12
9.35.88
5.95[21] 
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[1] Wu B, Jiang P P, Yang D Z, Chen T, Kong J, Shen Y H 2009 Opt. Express 17 6004
Google Scholar
[2] Zhao P, Ragam S, Ding Y J, Zotova I B 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 3979
Google Scholar
[3] Zhao P, Ragam S, Ding Y J, Zotova I B 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 4818
Google Scholar
[4] Zuo Z Y, Dai S B, Zhu S Q, Yin H, Li Z, Chen Z Q 2018 Opt. Lett. 43 4578
Google Scholar
[5] Tu Z H, Dai S B, Zhu S Q, Yin H, Li Z, Ji E C, Chen Z Q 2019 Opt. Express 27 32949
Google Scholar
[6] Huang Y P, Cho C Y, Huang Y J, Chen Y F 2012 Opt. Express 20 5644
Google Scholar
[7] Lv Y F, Xia J, Fu X H, Zhang A F, Liu H L, Zhang J 2014 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 31 898
Google Scholar
[8] Lv Y F, Xia J, Zhang J, Fu X H, Liu H L 2014 Appl. Opt. 53 5141
Google Scholar
[9] Sun G C, Lee Y D, Zao Y D, Xu L J, Wang J B, Chen G B, Lu J 2013 Laser Phys. 23 045001
Google Scholar
[10] Lin B, Xiao K, Zhang Q L, Zhang D X, Feng B H, Li Q N, He J L 2016 Appl. Opt. 55 1844
Google Scholar
[11] Lv Y F, Zhang J, Xia J, Liu H L 2014 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26 656
Google Scholar
[12] Xu B, Wang Y, Lin Z, Cui S W, Cheng Y J, Xu H Y, Cai Z P 2016 Appl. Opt. 55 42
Google Scholar
[13] Li H Q, Zhang R, Tang Y L, Wang S W, Xu J Q, Zhang P X, Zhao C C, Hang Y, Zhang S Y 2013 Opt. Lett. 38 4425
Google Scholar
[14] Chen H B, Huang Y S, Li B X, Liao W B, Zhang G, Lin Z B 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 4659
Google Scholar
[15] Brenier A 2011 Laser Phys. Lett. 8 520
Google Scholar
[16] Xu J L, Ji Y X, Wang Y Q, You Z Y, Wang H Y, Tu C Y 2014 Opt. Express 22 6577
Google Scholar
[17] You Z Y, Zhu Z J, Sun Y J, Huang Y S, Lee C K, Wang Y, Li J F, Tu C Y, Lin Z B 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 2760
Google Scholar
[18] Zhang X L, Zhang S, Wang C Y, Li L, Zhao J Q, Cui J H 2013 Opt. Express 21 22699
Google Scholar
[19] Murray J T, Austin W L, Powell R C 1999 Opt. Mater. 11 353
Google Scholar
[20] Huang H T, Shen D Y, He J L 2012 Opt. Express 20 27838
Google Scholar
[21] Liu Y, Liu Z J, Cong Z H, Li Y F, Xia J B, Lu Q M, Zhang S S, Men S J 2014 Opt. Express 22 21879
Google Scholar
[22] Sun Y J, Lee C K, Zhu Z J, Wang Y Q, Xia H P, Wang X H, Xu J L, You Z Y, Tu C Y 2016 Opt. Mater. Express 6 3550
Google Scholar
[23] Zhang Z L, Liu Q, Nie M M, Ji E C, Gong M L 2015 Appl. Phys. B 120 689
Google Scholar
[24] Ryan J R, Beach R 1992 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9 1883
Google Scholar
[25] Fan L, Fan Y X, Li Y Q, Zhang H J, Wang Q, Wang J, Wang H T 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 1687
Google Scholar
[26] Sheng Q, Lee A, Spence D, Pask H 2018 Opt. Express 26 32145
Google Scholar
[27] Sheng Q, Li R, Lee A J, Spence D J, Pask H M 2019 Opt. Express 27 8540
Google Scholar
[28] Peng X Y, Xu L, Asundi A 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 800
Google Scholar
[29] Hsiao J Q, Huang Y J, Lee C C, Yu Y T, Tsou C H, Liang H C, Chen Y F 2021 Opt. Lett. 46 2063
Google Scholar
[30] Pollnau M, Hardman P J, Kern M A, Clarkson W A, Hanna D C 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 16076
Google Scholar
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