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To realize near-field target localization and power transfer, an adaptively focusing antenna array is proposed. When a passive target is localized within the near-field zone of an array antenna, the optimal excitation distribution for focusing power onto the object can be obtained by solving an eigenvalue equation, which is established with the tested scattering parameters of the array antenna network. We randomly preset a number of targets with various shapes, materials and positions in the near-field zone, and the corresponding electric field focusing distribution is consistent with the preset target positions. Hence, the proposed near-field adaptively focusing array antenna can automatically focus its radiation onto any target, and such a feature can realize the target localization, tracking and power transfer in the near-field zone of the array antenna.
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Keywords:
- adaptive antenna /
- focusing array antenna /
- target localization
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[12] He X P, Geyi W, Wang S Y 2016 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15 56
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[15] Siragusa R, Lemaître-Auger P, Tedjini S 2011 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 10 33
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[16] Chou H T, Hung T M, Wang N N, Chou H H, Tung C, Nepa P 2011 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 1013
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[22] Buffi A, Nepa P, Manara G 2012 IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 54 41
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图 1 (a) 阵列天线单元结构; (b) 线形阵列天线实物
Figure 1. (a) Structure of the array antenna element; (b) photo of the linear array antenna.
图 2 阵列天线单元的(a)回波损耗和(b)增益方向图
Figure 2. (a) Return loss and (b) gain pattern of the array antenna element.
图 3 不同目标位置条件下的测试散射参数 (a) 位置1; (b) 位置2; (c) 位置3
Figure 3. Measured scattering parameters for target with various positions at (a) position-1, (b) position-2 and (c) position-3.
图 4 归一化电场测试 (a) 测试平台; (b) 可调谐射频馈电电路
Figure 4. (a) Measurement setup of the normalized electrical field and (b) the corresponding tunable radiofrequency feeding circuit.
图 5 在(a) 位置1、(c) 位置2、(e) 位置3的归一化电场测试分布; 在(b) 位置1、(d) 位置2、(f) 位置3的归一化电场仿真分布
Figure 5. Tested normalized E-field distributions for the target locating at (a) position-1, (c) position-2 and (e) locations-3. Simulated normalized E-field distributions for the target locating at (b) position-1, (d) position-2 and (f) position-3.
图 6 归一化电场仿真分布 (a) 位置1 (金属圆柱); (b) 位置4 (金属三棱柱); (c) 位置2 (金属圆柱); (d) 位置3 (金属三棱柱)
Figure 6. Simulated normalized E-field distributions for various targets locating at (a) position-1 (metal cylinder), (b) position-4 (metal tri-prism), (c) position-2 (metal cylinder) and (d) position-3 (metal tri-prism).
图 7 归一化电场仿真分布 (a) 位置1 (甘醇方体); (b) 位置4 (甘醇三棱柱); (c) 位置2 (甘醇方体); (d) 位置3 (甘醇圆柱)
Figure 7. Simulated normalized E-field distributions for various targets locating at (a) position-1 (glycol cube), (b) position-4 (glycol tri-prism), (c) position-2 (glycol cube) and (d) position-3 (glycol cylinder).
表 1 不同目标位置条件下的聚焦天线激励分布(幅值、相位)
Table 1. Excitations (amplitude, phase) of the focusing array antenna for target at various positions.
No. Position-1 Position-2 Position-3 1 0.385, ∠53° 0.313, ∠56° 0.320, ∠16° 2 0.211, ∠–72° 0.276, ∠–73° 0.147, ∠–10° 3 0.593, ∠–26° 0.737, ∠–45° 0.657, ∠–116° 4 0.583, ∠–48° 0.407, ∠–14° 0.524, ∠–111° 5 0.315, ∠–147° 0.326, ∠–139° 0.222, ∠–9° 6 0.127, ∠0° 0.110, ∠0° 0.346, ∠0° 
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[1] Yang X D, Geyi W, Sun H C 2017 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16 1824
Google Scholar
[2] González Ayestarán R, León G, Pino M R, Nepa P 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 5623
Google Scholar
[3] Chou H T 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 68 3567
Google Scholar
[4] Cai X, Gu X Z, Geyi W 2020 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 68 4593
Google Scholar
[5] Vázquez C, García C, Álvarez Y, Ver-Hoeye S, Las-Heras F 2013 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61 2874
Google Scholar
[6] Cheng Q, Alomainy A, Hao Y 2017 IEEE Access 5 18975
Google Scholar
[7] Li P F, Qu S W, Yang S W 2019 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 18 274
Google Scholar
[8] 刘宾, 潘毅华, 闫文敏 2019 68 204202
Google Scholar
Liu B, Pan Y H, Yan W M 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 204202
Google Scholar
[9] Stang J, Haynes M, Carson P, Moghaddam M 2012 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 59 2431
Google Scholar
[10] Tofigh F, Nourinia J, Azarmanesh M N, Khazaei K M 2014 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 13 951
Google Scholar
[11] Nguyen P T, Abbosh A, Crozier S 2017 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 64 1335
Google Scholar
[12] He X P, Geyi W, Wang S Y 2016 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 15 56
Google Scholar
[13] He X P, Geyi W, Wang S Y 2015 IET Microwaves Antennas Propag. 9 1605
Google Scholar
[14] Buffi A, Serra A A, Nepa P, Chou H T Manara G 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58 1536
Google Scholar
[15] Siragusa R, Lemaître-Auger P, Tedjini S 2011 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 10 33
Google Scholar
[16] Chou H T, Hung T M, Wang N N, Chou H H, Tung C, Nepa P 2011 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 1013
Google Scholar
[17] Chou H T, Lee M Y, Yu C T 2015 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 11 1746
Google Scholar
[18] Bogosanovic M, Williamson A G 2007 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 56 2186
Google Scholar
[19] Stephan K D, Mead J B, Pozar D M, Wang L, Pearce J A 2007 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 55 1199
Google Scholar
[20] Karimkashi S, Kishk A A 2011 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 59 1481
Google Scholar
[21] Karimkashi S, Kishk A A 2009 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 57 3813
Google Scholar
[22] Buffi A, Nepa P, Manara G 2012 IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 54 41
Google Scholar
[23] Shan L, Geyi W 2014 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 62 5515
Google Scholar
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