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GaAs光电导天线是太赫兹电磁波的重要辐射源之一, 天线阵列可以提高THz波的辐射强度, 因而光电导天线及阵列一直以来备受瞩目. 本文采用CST Microwave Studio软件对光电导天线阵列辐射太赫兹电磁波的特性进行仿真计算. 根据电流瞬冲模型计算了激光入射到GaAs光电导天线时产生的脉冲光电流, 并作为激励源对光电导天线的辐射性能进行仿真计算, 分析了天线结构和衬底材料对辐射太赫兹波的影响. 在此基础上计算了GaAs光电导天线阵列辐射太赫兹波的远场辐射. 仿真结果表明: 光电导天线阵列辐射太赫兹波的方向性更强, 主波瓣宽度减小, 其远场辐射符合电场叠加的倍数关系. 研制了1 × 2 GaAs光电导天线阵列, 实验测试结果与仿真结论相一致, 为制备多阵元太赫兹光电导天线阵列奠定了理论和实验基础.A GaAs photoconductive antenna is one of the important radiation sources of terahertz electromagnetic waves. Antenna arrays can increase the radiation intensity of terahertz waves. Therefore, photoconductive antennas and arrays have attracted much attention for a long time. In this study, CST Microwave Studio is used to conduct a simulation calculation of the characteristics of a photoconductive antenna array radiating terahertz electromagnetic waves. Using the current transient model, the pulsed photocurrents generated when the laser is incident on the GaAs photoconductive antenna are calculated. With the pulsed photocurrents serving as an excitation source, a simulation calculation of the radiation performance of photoconductive antenna is conducted, and the effects of antenna structure and substrate material on the radiation of terahertz waves are analyzed. Based on this, the far-field radiation of terahertz wave radiated by the GaAs photoconductive antenna array is calculated. The simulation results show that the photoconductive antenna array radiates terahertz waves with stronger directivity. The width of main lobe is reduced, and its far-field radiation conforms to the multiple relationships of electric field superposition. A 1 × 2 GaAs photoconductive antenna array is developed, and the experimental results are consistent with the simulation conclusions, thereby laying a theoretical and experimental basis for fabricating the multielement terahertz photoconductive antenna arrays.
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- electromagnetic wave /
- photoconductive antenna /
- antenna array
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图 7 无衬底时天线远场辐射的三维方向图 (1 THz)
Fig. 7. Three-dimensional pattern of far-field radiation of antenna without a substrate (1 THz).
图 8 无衬底时天线E面电场分布方向图(1 THz)
Fig. 8. Electric field distribution pattern on the E surface of antenna without a substrate (1 THz).
图 9 有衬底时天线远场辐射的三维方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Fig. 9. Three-dimensional patterns of far-field radiation of antenna with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz.
图 10 有衬底时天线E面电场分布方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Fig. 10. Electric field distribution pattern on the E surface of antenna with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz.
图 11 天线阵列示意图 (d: 30 μm, D: 300 μm)
Fig. 11. Schematic diagram of antenna array (d: 30 μm, D: 300 μm)
图 13 有衬底时天线阵列远场辐射的三维方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Fig. 13. Three-dimensional patterns of far-field radiation of antenna array with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
图 14 有衬底时天线阵列E面电场分布方向图 (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz
Fig. 14. Electric field distribution pattern on the E surface of antenna array with a substrate: (a) 0.3 THz; (b) 0.5 THz; (c) 1 THz; (d) 1.5 THz; (e) 2 THz; (f) 2.5 THz.
图 17 两个阵元同时工作与两个阵元辐射THz波求和的时域谱
Fig. 17. Time-domain waveforms when 2 elements are working simultaneously, and when radiative THz waves of 2 elements are superposed.
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[1] Ferguson B, Zhang X C 2002 Nat. Mater. 1 26
Google Scholar
[2] Yen T J, Padilla W J, Fang N, Vier D C, Smith D R, Pendry J B, Basov D N, Zhang X J 2004 Science 303 1494
Google Scholar
[3] Wang K L, Mittleman D M 2004 Nature 432 376
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[5] Tonouchi M 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 97
Google Scholar
[6] Huang K C, Wang Z C 2011 IEEE Microw. Mag. 12 108
Google Scholar
[7] Oh S J, Huh Y M, Haam S, Suh J S, Son J H 2012 37th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves Wollongong, Australia, September 23−28, 2012 p1
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[9] Nagel M, Bolivar P H, Burcherseifer M, Bosserhoff H K, Buttner R 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 154
Google Scholar
[10] Mickan S, Abbott D, Munch J, Zhang X C, Doorn T 2000 Microelectron. J. 31 503
Google Scholar
[11] He Y J, Chen Y L, Zhang L, Wong S W, Chen Z N 2020 China Commun. 17 124
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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[16] Berenger J P 1994 J. Comput. Phys. 114 185
Google Scholar
[17] Berenger J P 1996 J. Comput. Phys. 127 363
Google Scholar
[18] Berenger J P 1996 IEEE T. Antenn. Propag. 44 110
Google Scholar
[19] Weiland T 1996 Int. J. Numer. Model. El. 9 295
[20] Weiland T, Timm M, Munteanu I 2008 IEEE Microw. Mag. 9 62
Google Scholar
[21] Darrow J T, Zhang X C, Auston D H, Morse J D 1992 IEEE J. Quantum Elect. 28 1607
Google Scholar
[22] Benicewicz P K, Roberts J P, Taylor A J 1994 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 11 2533
Google Scholar
[23] Hattori T, Tukamoto K, Nakatsuka H 2001 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 40 4907
Google Scholar
[24] Tani M, Matsuura S, Sakai K, Nakashima S 1997 Appl. Optics 36 7853
Google Scholar
[25] Liu H, Ji W L, Shi W 2008 PIERS Online 4 386
Google Scholar
[26] Yan Z J, Shi W, Hou L, Xu M, Yang L, Dong C G, Li S T 2017 Mater. Res. Express 4 015304
Google Scholar
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