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The matter can be instantaneously heated up to a high energy density state by the high power laser. When the high power laser is injected into silver spherical hohlraum, the high temperature radiation source formed in the hohlraum can drive the high velocity blast wave in the laboratory to study various astrophysical phenomena such as supernova remnants, stellar jets, etc. As the basis of laser driven blast wave experiments, the first experimental results of energy coupling and partitioning of silver spherical hohlraum with one laser entrance hole (LEH) on Shenguang Ⅲ prototype laser facility are introduced in this work. Four beams with 3.2 kJ of laser energy in a 1ns square laser pulse from the upper hemisphere are used to heat the silver spherical hohlraum targets. The silver spherical hohlraum targets are 800 μm-diameter and 650 μm-diameter LEH, and are fabricated by electroforming silver onto an acrylic mandrel. The laser coupling and partitioning to the targets are investigated by using the optical and X-ray diagnostics. The experimental results show that the radiation temperature is beyond 240 eV, the laser-to-X-ray conversion efficiency of silver hohlraum is 0.68 and the silver albedo is 0.83. With the driving of the high temperature radiation source, most of laser energy is coupled to the residual shell, and the high velocity blast wave can be generated. The laser energy not coupled to the target is lost through scattering light, emitting hot electrons and radiating X-rays. The experimental results show that the fraction of energy lost due to the scattering light is 15%, that due to emitting the total hot electrons is less than 1%, almost 30% of the laser energy is lost from the LEH by radiating the X-ray flux, almost 9% of the laser energy leaks from the spherical shell consisting of the 5.6 μm-thick Ag layer and 10 μm-thick CH layer through the X-ray radiation flux, and 45% of the laser energy is converted into the kinetic energy and internal energy of the remaining spherical shell. Therefore, more than 50% of the laser energy will be used to drive the high velocity blast wave in the subsequent experiments. After 950 ps, the silver plasma is concentrated in the center of the silver spherical hohlraum, which does not affect the injection of 1ns laser. The experiment on energy coupling and partitioning of a spherical silver hohlraum laser is carried out for the first time on Shenguang Ⅲ prototype laser facility, which lays a foundation for the subsequent experiments on laser driven blast wave.
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图 1 实验和诊断排布
Figure 1. Arranging for experiment and diagnosis.
图 2 散射光份额测量结果
Figure 2. Measurement results of scattering laser.
图 3 辐射温度测量结果(a)及随角度变化规律(b)
Figure 3. Measurement results (a) and angular dependence (b) of radiation temperature.
图 4 辐射温度拟合结果
Figure 4. Fitting results of radiation temperature.
图 5 LEH和球壳漏失辐射流比较
Figure 5. Loss radiation flux of LEH and shell.
图 6 LEH和球壳漏失X射线能谱比较
Figure 6. Radiation spectrum of LEH and shell.
图 7 超热电子份额
Figure 7. The fraction of hot electron.
图 8 冕区等离子体聚心图像 (a) 550 ps; (b) 781 ps; (c) 893 ps; (d) 949 ps; (e) 1124 ps; (f) 1236 ps
Figure 8. X-ray imaging of coronal plasma expansion: (a) 550 ps; (b) 781 ps; (c) 893 ps; (d) 949 ps; (e) 1124 ps; (f) 1236 ps.
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[1] Remington B A, Drake R P, Ryutov D D 2006 Rev. Mod. Phys. 78 755
Google Scholar
[2] Sanz J, Bouquet S E, Michaut C, Miniere J 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 062114
Google Scholar
[3] Kuranz C C, Park H S, Remington B A, et al. 2011 Astrophys. Space Sci. 336 207
Google Scholar
[4] Edens A D, Adams R G, Rambo P, Ruggles L, Smith I C, Porter J L, Ditmire T 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 112104
Google Scholar
[5] Hansen J F, Edwards M J, Froula D H, Gregori G, Edens A D, Ditmire T 2006 Phys. Plasmas 13 022105
Google Scholar
[6] Meinecke J, Doyle H W, Miniati F, et al. 2014 Nat. Phys. 10 520
Google Scholar
[7] Shigemori K, Ditmire T, Remington B A, Yanovsky V, Ryutov D, Estabrook K, Edwards M J, MacKinnon A J, Rubenchik A M, Keilty K A, Liang E 2000 Astrophys. J. 533 L159
Google Scholar
[8] Edwards M J, MacKinnon A J, Zweiback J, Shigemori K, Ryutov D, Rubenchik A M, Keilty K A, Liang E, Remington B A, Ditmire T 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 085004
Google Scholar
[9] Bouquet S, Stehle C, Koenig M, Chieze J P, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Batani D, Leygnac S, Fleury X, Merdji H, Michaut C, Thais F, Grandjouan N, Hall T, Henry E, Malka V, Lafon J P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 225001
Google Scholar
[10] Grun J, Stamper J, Manka C, Resnic J, Burris R, Ripin B H 1991 Appl. Phys. Lett. 59 246
Google Scholar
[11] Edens A D, Ditmire T, Hansen J F, Edwards M J, Adams R G, Rambo P, Ruggles L, Smith I C, Porter J L 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 4968
Google Scholar
[12] Tubman E R, Scott R H H, Doyle H W, Meinecke J, Ahmed H, Alraddadi R A B, Bolis R, Cross J E, Crowston R, Doria D, Lamb D, Reville B, Robinson A P L, Tzeferacos P, Borghesi M, Gregori G, Woolsey N C 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 103124
Google Scholar
[13] Fournier K B, Brown C G, May M J, Compton S, Walton O R, Shingleton N, Kane J O, Holtmeier G, Loey H, Mirkarimi P B, Dunlop WH, Guyton R L, Huffman E 2014 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 095119
Google Scholar
[14] He X T, Zhang W Y 2007 Eur. Phys. J. D 44 227
Google Scholar
[15] Giraldez E M, Mirkarimi P B, Emig J A, et al. 2013 Fusion Sci. Technol. 63 242
Google Scholar
[16] Schneider M B, Jones O S, Meezan N B, et al. 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 10E538
Google Scholar
[17] 王峰, 彭晓世, 杨冬, 李志超, 徐涛, 魏惠月, 刘慎业 2013 62 175202
Google Scholar
Wang F, Peng X S, Yang D, Li Z C, Xu T, Wei H Y, Liu S Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 175202
Google Scholar
[18] Li Z C, Jiang X H, Liu S Y, Huang T X, Zheng J, Yang J M, Li S W, Guo L, Zhao X F, Du H B, Song T M, Yi R Q, Liu Y G, Jiang S E, Ding Y K 2010 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81 073504
Google Scholar
[19] Dewald E L, Campbell K M, Turner R E, Holder J P, Landen O L, Glenzer S H, Kauffman R L, Suter L J, Landon M, Rhodes M, Lee D 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 3759
Google Scholar
[20] 尚万里, 朱托, 熊刚, 赵阳, 张文海, 易荣清, 况龙钰, 曹磊峰, 高宇林, 杨家敏, 赵屹东, 崔明启, 郑雷, 韩勇, 周克瑾, 马陈燕 2011 60 034216
Google Scholar
Shang W L, Zhu T, Xiong G, Zhao Y, Zhang W H, Yi R Q, Kuang L Y, Cao L F, Gao Y L, Yang J M, Zhao Y D, Cui M Q, Zheng L, Han Y, Zhou K J, Ma C Y 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 034216
Google Scholar
[21] Mcdonald J W, Kauffman R L, Celeste J R, Rhodes M A, Lee F D, Suter L J, Lee A P, Foster J M, Slark G 2004 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75 3753
Google Scholar
[22] 曹柱荣, 缪文勇, 董建军, 袁永腾, 杨正华, 袁铮, 张海鹰, 刘慎业, 江少恩, 丁永坤 2012 61 075213
Google Scholar
Cao Z R, Miao W Y, Dong J J, Yuan Y T, Yang Z H, Yuan Z, Zhang H Y, Liu S Y, Jiang S E, Ding Y K 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 075213
Google Scholar
[23] 李三伟, 杨冬, 李欣, 等 2018 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 48 065202
Li S W, Yang D, Li X, et al. 2018 Sci. China-Phys. Mech. Astron. 48 065202
[24] Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2004 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
Google Scholar
[25] May M J, Fournier K B, Brown C G, Dunlop W H, Kane J O, Mirkarimi P B, Moody J, Patterson J R, Schneider M, Widmann K, Giraldez E 2014 High Energy Density Phys. 11 45
Google Scholar
[26] Kemp G E, Colvin J D, Fournier K B, May M J, Barrios M A, Patel M V, Scott H A, Marinak M M 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 053110
Google Scholar
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