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Micron-scale fragment ejection of metal is a kind of surface dynamic fragmentation phenomenon upon shock loading. The study of ejecta is crucial in many fields, such as inertial confinement fusion and pyrotechnics. Due to the particular advantages of laser experiments, a lot of studies of ejecta by strong laser-induced shock loading have been conducted in recent years. The shapes, size and mass of particle can be obtained via static soft recovery technique with foam. However, the stagnation and succedent mixing of the ejecta in the foam could not be deduced by this technique. To study the mixing between the ejecta and foam, a radiography experiment is performed by using the X-ray generated through the irradiation of picosecond laser on the golden wire. This radiography technique has not only high spatial resolution but also high temporal resolution. Two kind of experiments are designed and performed. In the first one, the tin sample and the foam are close to each other while a vacuum gap is arranged between them in the other one. The mixing process is analyzed with the determined areal density and volume density, as well as the results of recovery. The areal density of the front mixing area is similar to the scenario in the case with a vacuum gap, suggesting that the ejecta have not underwent a secondary fragmentation due to the collision with foam. Furthermore, the static recovery results show a different characteristic of penetration depth for the ejecta in the foam. When the tin sample is not close to the foam, the penetration depth in the foam increases with the loading pressure increasing. However, the penetration depth begins to decrease at a critical pressure after a brief increase, which is attributed to the interaction between the shock and the foam before the ejecta coming, and also to the ejecta size and composition. The shock pressure is high enough to change the foam performance, thus enhancing the stagnation ability for ejecta penetration. Moreover, the size and composition vary with loading pressure, thereby leading to the momentum change of the ejecta related to the penetration depth. In the future work, we will improve the field of view of the X-ray radiography to achieve a direct comparison between the dynamic results and the recovery results. Moreover, we will arrange perturbations at the interface to study the mixing between the micro-jetting and the foam and the interface instability.
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Keywords:
- micron-scale fragment ejecta /
- inertial confinement fusion /
- recovery /
- mixing
[1] 王裴, 何安民, 邵建立, 孙海权, 陈大伟, 刘文斌, 刘军 2018 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 48 094608
Wang P, He A M, Shao J L, Sun H Q, Chen D W, Liu W B, Liu J 2018 Sci. China: Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica 48 094608
[2] de Resseguier T, Signor L, Dragon A, Boustie M, Roy G, Llorca F 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 013506
Google Scholar
[3] de Resseguier T, Roland C, Prudhomme G, Lescoute E, Loison D, Mercier P 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 185108
Google Scholar
[4] de Resseguier T, Roland C, Lescoute E, Sollier A, Loison D, Berthe L, Prudhomme G, Mercier P 2015 AIP Conf. Proc. 1793 100025
[5] de Resseguier T, Signor L, Dragon A, Severin P, Boustie M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 073535
Google Scholar
[6] de Resseguier T, Signor L, Dragon A, Boustie M, Berthe L 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 131910
Google Scholar
[7] de Resseguier D, Signor L, Dragon A, Roy G 2010 Int. J. Fract. 163 109
Google Scholar
[8] Zellner M B, McNeil W V, Hammerberg J E, Hixson R S, Obst A W, Olson R T, Payton J R, Rigg P A, Routley N, Stevens G D, Turley W D, Veeser L, Buttler W T 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 123502
Google Scholar
[9] Franzkowiak J E, Prudhomme G, Mercier P, Lauriot S, Dubreuil E, Berthe L 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 033901
Google Scholar
[10] Asay J R 1978 J. Appl. Phys. 49 6173
Google Scholar
[11] Morard G, de Resseguier T, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Lescoute E, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Wei H, Diziere A, Occelli F, Fiquet G, Guyot F 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 174102
Google Scholar
[12] de Resseguier T, Lescoute E, Sollier A, Prudhomme G, Mercier P 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 043525
Google Scholar
[13] Lescoute E, de Resseguier T, Chevalier J M, Boustie M, Cuq-Lelandais J P, Berthe L 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 211905
Google Scholar
[14] 辛建婷, 谷渝秋, 李平, 罗炫, 蒋柏斌, 谭放, 韩丹, 巫殷忠, 赵宗清, 粟敬钦, 张保汉 2012 23 236201
Google Scholar
Xin J T, Gu Y Q, Li P, Luo X, Jiang B B, Tan F, Han D, Wu Y Z, Zhao Z Q, Su J Q, Zhang B H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 23 236201
Google Scholar
[15] He W H, Xin J T, Chu G B, Li J, Shao J L, Lu F, Shui M, Qian F, Cao L F, Wang P, Gu Y Q 2014 Optics Express 22 18924
Google Scholar
[16] He W H, Xin J T, Zhao Y Q, Chu G B, Xi T, Shui M, Lu F, Gu Y Q 2017 AIP Advances 7 065306
Google Scholar
[17] 辛建婷, 赵永强, 储根柏, 席涛, 税敏, 范伟, 何卫华, 谷渝秋 2017 18 186201
Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[18] 张林, 李英华, 程晋明, 李雪梅, 张祖根, 叶想平, 蔡灵仓 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 041003
Zhang L, Li Y H, Cheng J M, Li X M, Zhang Z G, Ye X P, Cai L C 2016 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 28 041003
[19] Chu G B, Xi T, Yu M H, Fan W, Zhao Y Q, Shui M, He W H, Zhang T K, Zhang B, Wu Y C, Zhou W M, Cao L F, Xin J T, Gu Y Q 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 115106
Google Scholar
[20] Marshall F J, McKenty P W, DelettrezJ A, Epstein R, Knauer J P, Smalyuk V A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 185004
Google Scholar
[21] Dimonte G, Gore R, and Schneider M 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1212
Google Scholar
[22] Buttler W T, Oro D M, Preston D L, Mikaelian K O, Cherne F J, Hixson R S, Mariam F G, Morris C, Stone J B, Terrones G, Tupa D 2012 J. Fluid Mech. 703 60
Google Scholar
[23] Dimonte G, Terrones G, Cherne F J, Ramaprabhu P 2013 J Appl. Phys. 113 024905
Google Scholar
[24] Dimonte G and Remington B 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1806
Google Scholar
[25] Kuranz C C, Park H S, Huntington C M, Miles A R, Remington B A, Plewa T, Trantham M R, Robey H F, Shvarts D, Shimony A, Raman K, MacLaren S, Wan W C, Doss F W, Kline J, Flippo K A, Malamud G, Handy T A, Prisbrey S, Krauland C M, Klein S R, Harding E C, Wallace R, Grosskopf M J, Marion D C, Kalantar D, Giraldez E, Drake R P 2018 Nature Communications 9 1564
Google Scholar
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图 1 神光Ⅱ升级微喷泡沫混合实验原理示意图
Figure 1. Schematic of the experiment.
图 2 实验诊断排布图(俯视图)
Figure 2. Schematic of experimental diagnosis(top view).
图 3 标定面密度的锡台阶参数
Figure 3. Tin step wedge for areal density calibrating.
图 4 面密度标定曲线
Figure 4. Calibrated curves of areal density.
图 5 PMP泡沫(a)和有机玻璃(b)对X射线的透过率
Figure 5. X-ray transmittance of PMP foam (a) and PMMA (b).
图 6 不同发次回收的微喷颗粒图像 (a) 72发, 2 GPa; (b) 73发, 20 GPa; (c) 72发, 24 GPa; (d) 76发, 25 GPa; (e) 75发, 28 GPa; (f) 77发, 31 GPa; (g) 78发, 32 GPa; (h) 80发, 39 GPa; (i) 79发, 41 GPa
Figure 6. Recovery image of tin fragments stagnated in the foam by 2-D CT analysis: (a) 72 shot, 2 GPa; (b) 73 shot, 20 GPa; (c) 72 shot, 24 GPa; (d) 76 shot, 25 GPa; (e) 75 shot, 28 GPa; (f) 77 shot, 31 GPa; (g) 78 shot, 32 GPa; (h) 80 shot, 39 GPa; (i) 79 shot, 41 GPa.
图 7 紧贴条件和非紧贴条件下, 不同压强下微喷颗粒在泡沫中的穿透深度比较
Figure 7. Penetration depth of the tin fragments in foam versus pressure, with and without vacuum gap.
图 8 紧贴条件和非紧贴条件下, 不同压强下微喷头部颗粒的平均速度比较
Figure 8. Average velocity of front fragments versus laoding pressure, with and without vacuum gap.
图 9 (a) 72发背光图像, 压强2 GPa; (b)非紧贴条件下典型层裂图像, 66发, 压强15 GPa
Figure 9. Radiographs of shot 72 at 2 GPa (a); spall image with vacuum gap at 15 GPa, shot 66 (b).
图 10 76发背光图像, 压强25 GPa
Figure 10. Radiograph image of shot 76 at 25 GPa.
图 11 (a) 75发背光图像, 压强28 GPa; (b) 56发背光图像, 压强30 GPa
Figure 11. Radiographs of shot 75 at 28 GPa (a) and shot 56 at 30 GPa (b).
图 12 (a) 75发的面密度; (b) 56发的面密度
Figure 12. Areal densities of shot 75 (a) and shot 56 (b).
图 13 75发的体密度
Figure 13. Bulk density of shot 75.
表 1 神光II升级装置紧贴条件下(微)层裂实验数据参数统计
Table 1. Experimental parameter statistics of (micro-) spall without vacuum gap conducted at the SGII-U facility.
序号 发次号 ns激光能量/J ps激光能量/J 计算峰值压强/Ga 时间延迟/ns 备注 1 71 501.38 静态实验 2 72 106.7 486.28 2 2500 ns能量偏低 3 73 406 57.81 20 800 ps能量过低 4 74 547 529.6 24 800 5 76 588 556.7 25 1000 6 75 663 562.8 28 800 7 77 809 560.2 31 600 8 78 847 588 32 600 9 80 1231 621 39 900 10 79 352 592 41 600 
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表 2 神光II升级装置非紧贴条件下(微)层裂实验数据参数统计
Table 2. Experimental parameter statistics of (micro-) spall with vacuum gap conducted at the SGII-U facility.
序号 发次号 ns激光能量/J ps激光能量/J 计算峰值压强/GPa 时间延迟/ns 1 64 115.30 456.80 3 900 2 66 285.56 520.93 15 1500 3 55 644.07 556.10 27 900 4 56 763.46 576.95 30 600 5 62 1310.00 515.25 40 600
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[1] 王裴, 何安民, 邵建立, 孙海权, 陈大伟, 刘文斌, 刘军 2018 中国科学: 物理学 力学 天文学 48 094608
Wang P, He A M, Shao J L, Sun H Q, Chen D W, Liu W B, Liu J 2018 Sci. China: Physica, Mechanica & Astronomica 48 094608
[2] de Resseguier T, Signor L, Dragon A, Boustie M, Roy G, Llorca F 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 013506
Google Scholar
[3] de Resseguier T, Roland C, Prudhomme G, Lescoute E, Loison D, Mercier P 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 119 185108
Google Scholar
[4] de Resseguier T, Roland C, Lescoute E, Sollier A, Loison D, Berthe L, Prudhomme G, Mercier P 2015 AIP Conf. Proc. 1793 100025
[5] de Resseguier T, Signor L, Dragon A, Severin P, Boustie M 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 073535
Google Scholar
[6] de Resseguier T, Signor L, Dragon A, Boustie M, Berthe L 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 131910
Google Scholar
[7] de Resseguier D, Signor L, Dragon A, Roy G 2010 Int. J. Fract. 163 109
Google Scholar
[8] Zellner M B, McNeil W V, Hammerberg J E, Hixson R S, Obst A W, Olson R T, Payton J R, Rigg P A, Routley N, Stevens G D, Turley W D, Veeser L, Buttler W T 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 123502
Google Scholar
[9] Franzkowiak J E, Prudhomme G, Mercier P, Lauriot S, Dubreuil E, Berthe L 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 033901
Google Scholar
[10] Asay J R 1978 J. Appl. Phys. 49 6173
Google Scholar
[11] Morard G, de Resseguier T, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Lescoute E, Brambrink E, Koenig M, Wei H, Diziere A, Occelli F, Fiquet G, Guyot F 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 174102
Google Scholar
[12] de Resseguier T, Lescoute E, Sollier A, Prudhomme G, Mercier P 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 043525
Google Scholar
[13] Lescoute E, de Resseguier T, Chevalier J M, Boustie M, Cuq-Lelandais J P, Berthe L 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 95 211905
Google Scholar
[14] 辛建婷, 谷渝秋, 李平, 罗炫, 蒋柏斌, 谭放, 韩丹, 巫殷忠, 赵宗清, 粟敬钦, 张保汉 2012 23 236201
Google Scholar
Xin J T, Gu Y Q, Li P, Luo X, Jiang B B, Tan F, Han D, Wu Y Z, Zhao Z Q, Su J Q, Zhang B H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 23 236201
Google Scholar
[15] He W H, Xin J T, Chu G B, Li J, Shao J L, Lu F, Shui M, Qian F, Cao L F, Wang P, Gu Y Q 2014 Optics Express 22 18924
Google Scholar
[16] He W H, Xin J T, Zhao Y Q, Chu G B, Xi T, Shui M, Lu F, Gu Y Q 2017 AIP Advances 7 065306
Google Scholar
[17] 辛建婷, 赵永强, 储根柏, 席涛, 税敏, 范伟, 何卫华, 谷渝秋 2017 18 186201
Google Scholar
Xin J T, Zhao Y Q, Chu G B, Xi T, Shui M, Fan W, He W H, Gu Y Q 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 18 186201
Google Scholar
[18] 张林, 李英华, 程晋明, 李雪梅, 张祖根, 叶想平, 蔡灵仓 2016 强激光与粒子束 28 041003
Zhang L, Li Y H, Cheng J M, Li X M, Zhang Z G, Ye X P, Cai L C 2016 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 28 041003
[19] Chu G B, Xi T, Yu M H, Fan W, Zhao Y Q, Shui M, He W H, Zhang T K, Zhang B, Wu Y C, Zhou W M, Cao L F, Xin J T, Gu Y Q 2018 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 89 115106
Google Scholar
[20] Marshall F J, McKenty P W, DelettrezJ A, Epstein R, Knauer J P, Smalyuk V A 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 185004
Google Scholar
[21] Dimonte G, Gore R, and Schneider M 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 80 1212
Google Scholar
[22] Buttler W T, Oro D M, Preston D L, Mikaelian K O, Cherne F J, Hixson R S, Mariam F G, Morris C, Stone J B, Terrones G, Tupa D 2012 J. Fluid Mech. 703 60
Google Scholar
[23] Dimonte G, Terrones G, Cherne F J, Ramaprabhu P 2013 J Appl. Phys. 113 024905
Google Scholar
[24] Dimonte G and Remington B 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 1806
Google Scholar
[25] Kuranz C C, Park H S, Huntington C M, Miles A R, Remington B A, Plewa T, Trantham M R, Robey H F, Shvarts D, Shimony A, Raman K, MacLaren S, Wan W C, Doss F W, Kline J, Flippo K A, Malamud G, Handy T A, Prisbrey S, Krauland C M, Klein S R, Harding E C, Wallace R, Grosskopf M J, Marion D C, Kalantar D, Giraldez E, Drake R P 2018 Nature Communications 9 1564
Google Scholar
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