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Influence of distance between focusing lens and sample surface on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of brass at different sample temperatures

Yang Xue Li Su-Yu Jiang Yuan-Fei Chen An-Min Jin Ming-Xing

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Influence of distance between focusing lens and sample surface on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of brass at different sample temperatures

Yang Xue, Li Su-Yu, Jiang Yuan-Fei, Chen An-Min, Jin Ming-Xing
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  • From previously published results of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, one can know that the change in the distance from the sample surface to the focusing lens has an important influence on the interaction between the sample and the laser, and increasing the sample temperature can enhance the coupling between the laser and the sample. However, almost no work has devoted to directly studying the influence of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface on the spectral intensity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy under different sample temperatures. In this paper, we investigate experimentally this subject. An Nd:YAG laser is used to excite the sample to produce the plasma. The detected spectral lines are Cu (I) 510.55 nm, Cu (I) 515.32 nm, and Cu (I) 521.82 nm. The focal length of focusing lens is 200 mm. The distance between focusing lens and sample surface ranges from 170 mm to 200 mm. The sample is heated from 25 ℃ to 270 ℃, and the laser energy is 26 mJ. In general, the spectral intensity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy can be effectively enhanced by increasing the sample temperature. At the sample temperatures of 25 ℃ and 100 ℃, the spectral intensity increases monotonically with the increase of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface; at higher sample temperatures (150, 200, 250, and 270 ℃), the spectral intensity first increases and then decreases with the increase of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface. In addition, near the focal point, with the increase of sample temperature, the increase of the spectral intensity is not obvious, and the spectral intensity decreases with the increase of sample temperature, which is particularly noteworthy in improving the spectral intensity of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy by increasing sample temperature. In order to further understand the influences of these two conditions on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, we also calculate the plasma temperature and electron density, and find that the variation of plasma temperature and electron density are almost the same as that of spectral intensity. The plasma temperature and electron density at higher sample temperature are higher.
      Corresponding author: Chen An-Min, amchen@jlu.edu.cn ; Jin Ming-Xing, mxjin@jlu.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11674128, 11674124) and the Jilin Province Scientific and Technological Development Program, China (Grant No. 20170101063JC).
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    Wang Z Z, Deguchi Y, Zhang Z Z, Wang Z, Zeng X Y, Yan J J 2016 Front. Phys. 11 114213Google Scholar

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    朱光正, 郭连波, 郝中骐, 李常茂, 沈萌, 李阔湖, 李祥友, 刘建国, 曾晓雁, 陆永枫 2015 64 024212Google Scholar

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    Hu L, Zhao N, Liu W, Meng D, Fang L, Wang Y, Yu Y, Ma M 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 699Google Scholar

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    Wang Y, Chen A, Li S, Sui L, Liu D, Tian D, Jiang Y, Jin M 2016 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 31 497Google Scholar

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    Li Y, Tian D, Ding Y, Yang G, Liu K, Wang C, Han X 2018 Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 53 1Google Scholar

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    Li X, Wang Z, Fu Y, Li Z, Ni W 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 621Google Scholar

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    Wang X, Chen A, Sui L, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 168Google Scholar

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    吴宜青, 刘津, 莫欣欣, 孙通, 刘木华 2017 66 054206Google Scholar

    Wu Y Q, Liu J, Mo X X, Sun T, Liu M H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054206Google Scholar

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    Lu Y, Zhou Y S, Qiu W, Huang X, Liu L, Jiang L, Silvain J F, Lu Y F 2015 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 30 2303Google Scholar

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    李百慧, 高勋, 宋超, 林景全 2016 65 235201Google Scholar

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    Wang Q, Chen A, Zhang D, Wang Y, Sui L, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 073301Google Scholar

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    Liu L, Huang X, Li S, Lu Y, Chen K, Jiang L, Silvain J F, Lu Y F 2015 Opt. Express 23 15047Google Scholar

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    de Giacomo A, Gaudiuso R, Koral C, Dell'Aglio M, de Pascale O 2013 Anal. Chem. 85 10180Google Scholar

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    Li C, Hao Z, Zou Z, Zhou R, Li J, Guo L, Li X, Lu Y, Zeng X 2016 Opt. Express 24 7850Google Scholar

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    Tavassoli S H, Gragossian A 2009 Opt. Laser Technol. 41 481Google Scholar

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    Sanginés R, Sobral H, Alvarez-Zauco E 2012 Appl. Phys. B 108 867Google Scholar

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    Sanginés R, Sobral H, Alvarez-Zauco E 2012 Spectrochim. Acta B 68 40Google Scholar

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    Darbani S M R, Ghezelbash M, Majd A E, Soltanolkotabi M, Saghafifar H 2014 J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid 9 14058Google Scholar

    [24]

    Hanson C, Phongikaroon S, Scott J R 2014 Spectrochim. Acta B 97 79Google Scholar

    [25]

    Wang Y, Chen A, Jiang Y, Sui L, Wang X, Zhang D, Tian D, Li S, Jin M 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 013301Google Scholar

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    Eschlböck-Fuchs S, Haslinger M J, Hinterreiter A, Kolmhofer P, Huber N, Rössler R, Heitz J, Pedarnig J D 2013 Spectrochim. Acta B 87 36Google Scholar

    [27]

    Liu Y, Tong Y, Li S, Wang Y, Chen A, Jin M 2016 Chin. Opt. Lett. 14 123001Google Scholar

    [28]

    Liu Y, Tong Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li S, Jiang Y, Chen A, Jin M 2017 Plasma Sci. Technol. 19 125501Google Scholar

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    Zhang D, Chen A, Wang Q, Wang Y, Qi H, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 083305Google Scholar

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    Multari R A, Foster L E, Cremers D A, Ferris M J 1996 Appl. Spectrosc. 50 1483Google Scholar

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    Aguilera J A, Aragón C 2008 Spectrochim. Acta B 63 793Google Scholar

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    Chen M, Liu Y H, Liu X D, Zhao M W 2012 Laser Phys. Lett. 9 730Google Scholar

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    Kasperczuk A, Pisarczyk T, Kalal M, Ullschmied J, Krousky E, Masek K, Pfeifer M, Rohlena K, Skala J, Pisarczyk P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 081501Google Scholar

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    Guo J, Shao J, Wang T, Zheng C, Chen A, Jin M 2017 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 32 367Google Scholar

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    Zhang D, Chen A, Wang X, Wang Y, Sui L, Ke D, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Spectrochim. Acta B 143 71Google Scholar

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    刘月华, 陈明, 刘向东, 崔清强, 赵明文 2013 62 025203Google Scholar

    Liu Y H, Chen M, Liu X D, Cui Q Q, Zhao M W 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 025203Google Scholar

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    Wang Y, Chen A, Wang Q, Sui L, Ke D, Cao S, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 033302Google Scholar

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    Tian Y, Xue B, Song J, Lu Y, Li Y, Zheng R 2017 Appl. Phys. Express 10 072401Google Scholar

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    Guo J, Wang T, Shao J, Chen A, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 2116Google Scholar

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    Thorstensen J, Foss S E 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112 103514Google Scholar

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    赵法刚, 张宇, 张雷, 尹王保, 董磊, 马维光, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2018 67 165201Google Scholar

    Zhao F G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yin W B, Dong L, Ma W G, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 165201Google Scholar

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    杨大鹏, 李苏宇, 姜远飞, 陈安民, 金明星 2017 66 115201Google Scholar

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    Wang Q, Chen A, Wang Y, Sui L, Li S, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 1154Google Scholar

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    Chen A, Jiang Y, Wang T, Shao J, Jin M 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 033301Google Scholar

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  • 图 1  不同样品温度下聚焦透镜到样品表面距离对LIBS影响的实验装置示意图

    Figure 1.  Experimental setup for the influence of the distance between focusing lens and sample surface on LIBS under different sample temperatures.

    图 2  不同温度下LIBS辐射强度的比较, 其中图(b)来自于图(a), 聚焦透镜到样品表面的距离为190 mm、激光能量为26 mJ

    Figure 2.  Comparison of spectral lines of LIBS under different sample temperatures. Panel (b) is from panel (a). The distance between focusing lens and sample surface is 190 mm. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

    图 3  不同温度下等离子体光谱随着波长和聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的分布(激光能量为26 mJ) (a)样品温度为100 ℃; (b) 样品温度为200 ℃

    Figure 3.  Distribution of optical emission with the wavelength and the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under 100 ℃ (a) and 200 ℃ (b) sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

    图 4  不同样品温度下Cu (I) 510.55 nm (a)和Cu (I) 521.82 nm (b)光谱峰强度随着聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的变化(激光能量为26 mJ)

    Figure 4.  Evolution of spectral peak intensities at Cu (I) 510.55 nm (a) and Cu (I) 521.82 nm (b) with the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under different sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

    图 5  典型的Boltzmann图, 其中聚焦透镜到样品表面的距离分别为(a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185和(d) 195 mm; 样品温度为200 ℃

    Figure 5.  Typical Boltzmann plots. The distances between focusing lens and sample surface are (a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185 and (d) 195 mm. Sample temperature is 200 ℃.

    图 6  不同样品温度下等离子体温度随着聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的变化(激光能量为26 mJ)

    Figure 6.  Evolution of plasma temperature with the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under different sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

    图 7  典型的谱线半高宽($\scriptstyle{\text{Δ}}{\lambda _{{\rm{measured}}}}$)拟合图, 其中聚焦透镜到样品表面的距离分别为(a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185和(d) 195 mm; 样品温度为200 ℃

    Figure 7.  Typical Gauss fitting ($\scriptstyle{\text{Δ}}{\lambda _{{\rm{measured}}}}$) for selected distances between focusing lens and sample surface under 200 ℃ sample temperature. The distances are (a) 175, (b) 180, (c) 185 and 195 mm (d).

    图 8  不同样品温度下电子密度随着聚焦透镜到样品表面距离的变化(激光能量为26 mJ)

    Figure 8.  Evolution of electron density with the distance between focusing lens and sample surface under different sample temperatures. Laser energy is 26 mJ.

    表 1  用于计算等离子体温度的光谱线参数表

    Table 1.  Spectral parameters of Cu (I) for calculating plasma temperature.

    波长/nmEk/eVgA/108 s–1
    510.553.81760.020(5)
    515.326.19120.60(15)
    521.826.19240.75(9)
    DownLoad: CSV
    Baidu
  • [1]

    Wang Z, Dong F, Zhou W 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 617Google Scholar

    [2]

    Wang Z, Ting B, Yuan, Z Y, Zhou W D, Lu J D, Ding H B, Zeng X Y 2014 Front. Phys. 9 419Google Scholar

    [3]

    Wang Z Z, Deguchi Y, Zhang Z Z, Wang Z, Zeng X Y, Yan J J 2016 Front. Phys. 11 114213Google Scholar

    [4]

    朱光正, 郭连波, 郝中骐, 李常茂, 沈萌, 李阔湖, 李祥友, 刘建国, 曾晓雁, 陆永枫 2015 64 024212Google Scholar

    Zhu G Z, Guo L B, Hao Z Q, Li C M, Shen M, Li K H, Li X Y, Liu J G, Zeng X Y, Lu Y F 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 024212Google Scholar

    [5]

    Wang Q Q, Liu K, Zhao H, Ge C H, Huang Z W 2012 Front. Phys. 7 701Google Scholar

    [6]

    Hu L, Zhao N, Liu W, Meng D, Fang L, Wang Y, Yu Y, Ma M 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 699Google Scholar

    [7]

    Wang Y, Chen A, Li S, Sui L, Liu D, Tian D, Jiang Y, Jin M 2016 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 31 497Google Scholar

    [8]

    Li Y, Tian D, Ding Y, Yang G, Liu K, Wang C, Han X 2018 Appl. Spectrosc. Rev. 53 1Google Scholar

    [9]

    Li X, Wang Z, Fu Y, Li Z, Ni W 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 621Google Scholar

    [10]

    Wang X, Chen A, Sui L, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 168Google Scholar

    [11]

    吴宜青, 刘津, 莫欣欣, 孙通, 刘木华 2017 66 054206Google Scholar

    Wu Y Q, Liu J, Mo X X, Sun T, Liu M H 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054206Google Scholar

    [12]

    Lu Y, Zhou Y S, Qiu W, Huang X, Liu L, Jiang L, Silvain J F, Lu Y F 2015 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 30 2303Google Scholar

    [13]

    李百慧, 高勋, 宋超, 林景全 2016 65 235201Google Scholar

    Li B H, Gao X, Song C, Lin J Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 235201Google Scholar

    [14]

    Li C M, Guo L B, He X N, Hao Z Q, Li X Y, Shen M, Zeng X Y, Lu Y F 2014 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 29 638Google Scholar

    [15]

    Wang Q, Chen A, Zhang D, Wang Y, Sui L, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 073301Google Scholar

    [16]

    Zhou W, Su X, Qian H, Li K, Li X, Yu Y, Ren Z 2013 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 28 702Google Scholar

    [17]

    Liu L, Huang X, Li S, Lu Y, Chen K, Jiang L, Silvain J F, Lu Y F 2015 Opt. Express 23 15047Google Scholar

    [18]

    de Giacomo A, Gaudiuso R, Koral C, Dell'Aglio M, de Pascale O 2013 Anal. Chem. 85 10180Google Scholar

    [19]

    Li C, Hao Z, Zou Z, Zhou R, Li J, Guo L, Li X, Lu Y, Zeng X 2016 Opt. Express 24 7850Google Scholar

    [20]

    Tavassoli S H, Gragossian A 2009 Opt. Laser Technol. 41 481Google Scholar

    [21]

    Sanginés R, Sobral H, Alvarez-Zauco E 2012 Appl. Phys. B 108 867Google Scholar

    [22]

    Sanginés R, Sobral H, Alvarez-Zauco E 2012 Spectrochim. Acta B 68 40Google Scholar

    [23]

    Darbani S M R, Ghezelbash M, Majd A E, Soltanolkotabi M, Saghafifar H 2014 J. Eur. Opt. Soc.-Rapid 9 14058Google Scholar

    [24]

    Hanson C, Phongikaroon S, Scott J R 2014 Spectrochim. Acta B 97 79Google Scholar

    [25]

    Wang Y, Chen A, Jiang Y, Sui L, Wang X, Zhang D, Tian D, Li S, Jin M 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 013301Google Scholar

    [26]

    Eschlböck-Fuchs S, Haslinger M J, Hinterreiter A, Kolmhofer P, Huber N, Rössler R, Heitz J, Pedarnig J D 2013 Spectrochim. Acta B 87 36Google Scholar

    [27]

    Liu Y, Tong Y, Li S, Wang Y, Chen A, Jin M 2016 Chin. Opt. Lett. 14 123001Google Scholar

    [28]

    Liu Y, Tong Y, Wang Y, Zhang D, Li S, Jiang Y, Chen A, Jin M 2017 Plasma Sci. Technol. 19 125501Google Scholar

    [29]

    Zhang D, Chen A, Wang Q, Wang Y, Qi H, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 083305Google Scholar

    [30]

    Multari R A, Foster L E, Cremers D A, Ferris M J 1996 Appl. Spectrosc. 50 1483Google Scholar

    [31]

    Aguilera J A, Aragón C 2008 Spectrochim. Acta B 63 793Google Scholar

    [32]

    Chen M, Liu Y H, Liu X D, Zhao M W 2012 Laser Phys. Lett. 9 730Google Scholar

    [33]

    Kasperczuk A, Pisarczyk T, Kalal M, Ullschmied J, Krousky E, Masek K, Pfeifer M, Rohlena K, Skala J, Pisarczyk P 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 081501Google Scholar

    [34]

    Guo J, Shao J, Wang T, Zheng C, Chen A, Jin M 2017 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 32 367Google Scholar

    [35]

    Zhang D, Chen A, Wang X, Wang Y, Sui L, Ke D, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Spectrochim. Acta B 143 71Google Scholar

    [36]

    刘月华, 陈明, 刘向东, 崔清强, 赵明文 2013 62 025203Google Scholar

    Liu Y H, Chen M, Liu X D, Cui Q Q, Zhao M W 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 025203Google Scholar

    [37]

    Li X, Wei W, Wu J, Jia S, Qiu A 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 243304Google Scholar

    [38]

    Amin S, Bashir S, Anjum S, Akram M, Hayat A, Waheed S, Iftikhar H, Dawood A, Mahmood K 2017 Phys. Plasmas 24 083112Google Scholar

    [39]

    Wang Y, Chen A, Wang Q, Sui L, Ke D, Cao S, Li S, Jiang Y, Jin M 2018 Phys. Plasmas 25 033302Google Scholar

    [40]

    Tian Y, Xue B, Song J, Lu Y, Li Y, Zheng R 2017 Appl. Phys. Express 10 072401Google Scholar

    [41]

    Wang Y, Chen A, Li S, Ke D, Wang X, Zhang D, Jiang Y, Jin M 2017 AIP Adv. 7 095204Google Scholar

    [42]

    Haq S U, Ahmat L, Mumtaz M, Shakeel H, Mahmood S, Nadeem A 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 083504Google Scholar

    [43]

    Guo J, Wang T, Shao J, Chen A, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 2116Google Scholar

    [44]

    Thorstensen J, Foss S E 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 112 103514Google Scholar

    [45]

    赵法刚, 张宇, 张雷, 尹王保, 董磊, 马维光, 肖连团, 贾锁堂 2018 67 165201Google Scholar

    Zhao F G, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yin W B, Dong L, Ma W G, Xiao L T, Jia S T 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 165201Google Scholar

    [46]

    杨大鹏, 李苏宇, 姜远飞, 陈安民, 金明星 2017 66 115201Google Scholar

    Yang D P, Li S Y, Jiang Y F, Chen A M, Jin M X 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 115201Google Scholar

    [47]

    Wang Q, Chen A, Wang Y, Sui L, Li S, Jin M 2018 J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom. 33 1154Google Scholar

    [48]

    Chen A, Jiang Y, Wang T, Shao J, Jin M 2015 Phys. Plasmas 22 033301Google Scholar

    [49]

    NIST Atomic Spectra Database http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/ASD/lines_form.html

    [50]

    Wang J, Fu H, Ni Z, Chen X, He W, Dong F 2015 Plasma Sci. Technol. 17 649Google Scholar

    [51]

    Konjević N, Wiese W 1990 J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 19 1307Google Scholar

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Metrics
  • Abstract views:  7845
  • PDF Downloads:  88
  • Cited By: 0
Publishing process
  • Received Date:  14 December 2018
  • Accepted Date:  06 January 2019
  • Available Online:  01 March 2019
  • Published Online:  20 March 2019

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