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基于支持向量机 (support vector machines, SVM) 算法采用激光诱导击穿光谱技术对11种塑料进行了识别. 每种塑料各采集100个光谱, 其中50个光谱作为训练集, 用于建立支持向量机模型, 剩下的50 个光谱作为测试集, 用于测试所建立支持向量机模型的识别精度. 结果表明测试集550个光谱中有543个光谱识别正确,算术平均识别精度达到了98.73%. 其中有6个聚氨酯 (PU) 光谱被误判为有机玻璃 (PMMA), 原因主要是受空气中氮气的影响, 使得有机玻璃和聚氨酯两种塑料在氮元素含量上的差异不能通过N I 746.87 nm, C-N(0,0) 388.3 nm两条谱线的强度准确表征. 本结果为LIBS技术塑料分类提供了方法和数据参考.Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) combined with support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was used to identify 11 kinds of plastics. For each plastic, 100 spectra recorded by the spectrometer system were divided equally into training set and test set, and the former was used to train SVM model while the latter was used to validate SVM model created by the training set. Result shows that 543 of 550 test set spectra are identified correctly with the average correct identification rate 98.73%. However, there are six spectra of PU misidentified as PMMA. This is because the difference of nitrogen content in 11 plastics cannot be reflected by the intensities of N I 746.87 nm and C-N (0,0) 388.3 nm due to the influence of ambient air. Methods and reference data are provided for further study of plastics identification by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique.
[1] Chanda M, Roy S K 1997 Polymers Technology Handbook 4th Edn. (New York: Marcel Dekker)
[2] Van Den Broek W H A M, Wienke D, Melssen W J, Buydensb L M C 1998 Anal. Chim. Acta 361 161
[3] Dinger, Peter 1992 Journal of Composting & Organics Recycling 33 80
[4] Eisenreich Norbert, Rohe Thomas 1996 Kunststoffe 2 222
[5] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J 2006 Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Chichester: Wiley)
[6] Singh J P, Thakur S N 2007 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (The Netherlands: Elsevier)
[7] Zhang D C, Ma X W, Wen W Q, Zhang P J, Zhu X L, Li B, Liu H P 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 063202
[8] Nakimana Agnes, Tao H Y, Hao Z Q, Sun C K, Gao X, Lin J Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014209
[9] Ma X W, Zhu X L, Zhang D C, Zu K L, Li B 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6348 (in Chinese) [马新文, 朱小龙, 张大成, 祖凯玲, 李斌 2008 57 6353]
[10] Rusak D A, Weaver K D, Taroli B L 2008 Appl. Spectrosc. 62 773
[11] Wang C L, Liu J G, Zhao N J, Ma M J, Wang Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 125201 (in Chinese) [王春龙, 刘建国, 赵南京, 马明俊, 王寅 2013 62 125201]
[12] Stepputat M, Noll R 2003 Applied Optics 42 6210
[13] Moench I, Sattmann R, Noll R 1997 Proc. SPIE 3100, Sensors, Sensor Systems, and Sensor Data Processing Munich, Germany, June 16, 1997 p64
[14] Guo L B, Hu W, Zhang B Y, He X N, Li C M, Zhou Y S, Cai Z X, Zeng X Y, Lu Y F 2011 Opt. Express 19 14067
[15] Du C, Gao X, Shao Y, Song X W, Zhao Z M, Hao Z Q, Lin J Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 045202 (in Chinese) [杜闯, 高勋, 邵妍, 宋晓伟, 赵振明, 郝作强, 林景全 2013 62 045202]
[16] Wang Q Q, Huang Z W, Liu K, Li W J, Yan J X 2012 Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis 32 3179 (in Chinese) [王茜蒨, 黄志文, 刘凯, 李文江, 阎吉祥 2012 光谱学与光谱分析 32 3179]
[17] Sattmann R, Monch I, Krause H, Noll R,Couris S, Hatziapostolou A, Mavromanolakis A, Fotakis C, Larrauri E, Miguel R 1998 Appl. Spectrosc 52 456
[18] Boueri M, Motto-Ros V, Lei W Q, Ma Q L, Zheng L J, Zeng H P, Yu J 2011 Appl. Spectrosc 65 307
[19] Boser B E, Guyon I, Vapnik V 1992 In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory USA, 1992, p144
[20] Cortes C, Vapnik V 1995 Machine Learning 20 273
[21] Chang C C, Lin C J 2011 ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 2 1
[22] We C H, Tzeng G H, Goo Y J, Fang W C 2007 Expert. Syst. Appl. 32 397
[23] Boueri M 2010 Ph.D. Dissertation (Lyon: Universite de Lyon) (in France)
-
[1] Chanda M, Roy S K 1997 Polymers Technology Handbook 4th Edn. (New York: Marcel Dekker)
[2] Van Den Broek W H A M, Wienke D, Melssen W J, Buydensb L M C 1998 Anal. Chim. Acta 361 161
[3] Dinger, Peter 1992 Journal of Composting & Organics Recycling 33 80
[4] Eisenreich Norbert, Rohe Thomas 1996 Kunststoffe 2 222
[5] Cremers D A, Radziemski L J 2006 Handbook of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (Chichester: Wiley)
[6] Singh J P, Thakur S N 2007 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (The Netherlands: Elsevier)
[7] Zhang D C, Ma X W, Wen W Q, Zhang P J, Zhu X L, Li B, Liu H P 2010 Chin. Phys. Lett. 27 063202
[8] Nakimana Agnes, Tao H Y, Hao Z Q, Sun C K, Gao X, Lin J Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 014209
[9] Ma X W, Zhu X L, Zhang D C, Zu K L, Li B 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6348 (in Chinese) [马新文, 朱小龙, 张大成, 祖凯玲, 李斌 2008 57 6353]
[10] Rusak D A, Weaver K D, Taroli B L 2008 Appl. Spectrosc. 62 773
[11] Wang C L, Liu J G, Zhao N J, Ma M J, Wang Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 125201 (in Chinese) [王春龙, 刘建国, 赵南京, 马明俊, 王寅 2013 62 125201]
[12] Stepputat M, Noll R 2003 Applied Optics 42 6210
[13] Moench I, Sattmann R, Noll R 1997 Proc. SPIE 3100, Sensors, Sensor Systems, and Sensor Data Processing Munich, Germany, June 16, 1997 p64
[14] Guo L B, Hu W, Zhang B Y, He X N, Li C M, Zhou Y S, Cai Z X, Zeng X Y, Lu Y F 2011 Opt. Express 19 14067
[15] Du C, Gao X, Shao Y, Song X W, Zhao Z M, Hao Z Q, Lin J Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 045202 (in Chinese) [杜闯, 高勋, 邵妍, 宋晓伟, 赵振明, 郝作强, 林景全 2013 62 045202]
[16] Wang Q Q, Huang Z W, Liu K, Li W J, Yan J X 2012 Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis 32 3179 (in Chinese) [王茜蒨, 黄志文, 刘凯, 李文江, 阎吉祥 2012 光谱学与光谱分析 32 3179]
[17] Sattmann R, Monch I, Krause H, Noll R,Couris S, Hatziapostolou A, Mavromanolakis A, Fotakis C, Larrauri E, Miguel R 1998 Appl. Spectrosc 52 456
[18] Boueri M, Motto-Ros V, Lei W Q, Ma Q L, Zheng L J, Zeng H P, Yu J 2011 Appl. Spectrosc 65 307
[19] Boser B E, Guyon I, Vapnik V 1992 In Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Workshop on Computational Learning Theory USA, 1992, p144
[20] Cortes C, Vapnik V 1995 Machine Learning 20 273
[21] Chang C C, Lin C J 2011 ACM Transactions on Intelligent Systems and Technology 2 1
[22] We C H, Tzeng G H, Goo Y J, Fang W C 2007 Expert. Syst. Appl. 32 397
[23] Boueri M 2010 Ph.D. Dissertation (Lyon: Universite de Lyon) (in France)
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