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Two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS) of cesium 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2 (852.3 nm + 794.6 nm) ladder-type system in a room-temperature vapor cell are investigated. The frequency of 852.3 nm laser used as a pump beam is locked on one of the hyperfine transitions between the ground state 6S1/2 and excited state 6P3/2 by the saturated absorption spectroscopy technique, which can populate some atoms on the 6P3/2 excited state and induce anisotropy in the atomic medium. The frequency of 794.6 nm laser serving as a probe beam is scanned across the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition to ascertain this anisotropy, and thus the TCPS is obtained. In experiment, we measure and analyse the influence of frequency detuning of 852.3 nm pump laser on TCPS, and especially reveal that some of hyperfine energy levels of intermediate excited state 6P3/2, which has no direct interaction with the 852.3 nm pump laser, are also populated by a small fraction of atoms with a specific speed in the direction of pump laser beam due to Doppler effect, so they also have contribution to the TCPS when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned to the resonance transition line between the 6P3/2 and 8S1/2 states after the Doppler frequency shift has been considered. In addition, we prove that the atomic coherence like electromagnetically induced transparency effect obviously results in a narrower line width of TCPS in the case of counter-propagating experimental configuration than that in the case of pump beam co-propagating with the probe beam in the Cs vapor cell. Finally, we apply the TCPS with dispersive shaped feature to frequency stabilization with no modulation, and the frequency fluctuations of 794.6 nm laser are ～0.5 MHz and ～9.2 MHz for the frequency-locking and free running in ～225 s, respectively. The above research work is expected to play a role in precisely measuring the atomic energy level structure and its related hyperfine structure constant (magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constants), and also in stabilizing the laser frequency to the excited state transition especially for the optical fiber communication, two-color laser cooling/trapping neutral atoms, optical filter, etc.
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Keywords:
- two-color polarization spectroscopy /
- excited state spectroscopy /
- optical pumping /
- modulation-free laser frequency stabilization
[1] Sun Q Q, Hong Y L, Zhuang W, Liu Z W, Chen J B 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 211102
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Google Scholar
[3] Akulshin A M, Orel A A, McLean R J 2012 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45 015401
Google Scholar
[4] Wang J, Liu H F, Yang G, Yang B D, Wang J M 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 052505
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[6] Mohapatra K, Jackson T R, Adams C S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 113003
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[7] Parniak M, Leszczyński A, Wasilewski W 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 161103
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[8] Sasada H 1992 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 4 1307
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[10] Yang B D, Zhao J Y, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 085111
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[11] Carr C, Adams C S, Weatherill K J 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 118
Google Scholar
[12] Yang B D, Wang J, Liu H F, He J, Wang J M 2014 Opt. Commun. 319 174
Google Scholar
[13] Wieman C, Hänsch T W 1976 Phys. Rev. Lett. 36 1170
Google Scholar
[14] Kulatunga P, Busch H C, Andrews L R, Sukenik C I 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 2851
Google Scholar
[15] Noh H R 2012 Opt. Express 20 21784
Google Scholar
[16] Cha E H, Jeong T, Noh H R 2014 Opt. Commun. 326 175
Google Scholar
[17] Moon H S, Lee L, Kim J B 2008 Opt. Express 16 12163
Google Scholar
[18] Becerra F E, Willis R T, Rolston S L, Orozco L A 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 1315
Google Scholar
[19] Yang B D, Gao J, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 013818
Google Scholar
[20] Yang B D, Liang Q B, He J, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 043803
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Google Scholar
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图 1 (a) 与实验相关的铯原子6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2超精细能级图; (b)双色偏振光谱原理示意图
Figure 1. (a) The related hyperfine energy levels of Cs atoms 6S1/2-6P3/2-8S1/2; (b) schematic diagram of the two-color polarization spectroscopy (TCPS).
图 2 实验装置示意图 DL为 852和795 nm光栅外腔反馈半导体激光器, OI 为光隔离器, SAS为饱和吸收光谱装置, PID为比例积分微分放大器, HWP为1/2波片, QWP为1/4波片, M为45°高反镜, PBS为立方偏振分光棱镜, Cs Cell为 25 mm × 50 mm 铯原子泡, DF为双色镜, BD为挡光板, PD为光电探测器
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of experimental setup for the TCPS. Keys to the figure: DL, external-cavity diode laser; OI, optical isolator; SAS, saturated absorption spectroscopy; PID, proportion-integration-differentiation controller; HWP, half-wave plate; QWP, quarter-wave plate; M, mirror; PBS, polarization beam splitter cube; Cs cell, cesium vapor cell; DF, dichroic filter; BD, beam dump; PD, photodiode.
图 3 同向传输实验构型, 852.3 nm抽运光频率锁于6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F′ = 2, 3, 4)时, 794.6 nm激光作为探测光的TCPS
Figure 3. The TCPS for the co-propagation configuration when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned over the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition, and the frequency of 852.3 nm pump laser is locked on the 6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F' = 2, 3, 4) transition, respectively.
图 4 反向传输实验构型, 852.3 nm抽运光频率锁于6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F' = 2, 3, 4)时, 794.6 nm激光作为探测光的TCPS
Figure 4. The TCPS for the counter-propagation configuration when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned over the whole 6P3/2→8S1/2 transition, and the frequency of 852.3 nm pump laser is locked on the 6S1/2 (F = 3)→6P3/2 (F' = 2, 3, 4) transition, respectively.
图 5 同向传输实验构型, 852.3 nm抽运光频率锁于6S1/2 (F = 4)→6P3/2 (F' = 3, 4, 5)时, 794.6 nm激光作为探测光的双色偏振光谱
Figure 5. The TCPS for the co-propagation configuration when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned, and the frequency of 852.3 nm pump laser is locked on the 6S1/2 (F = 4)→6P3/2 (F' = 3, 4, 5) transition, respectively.
图 6 反向传输实验构型, 852.3 nm抽运光频率锁于6S1/2 (F = 4)—6P3/2 (F' = 3, 4, 5)时, 794.6nm激光作为探测光的双色偏振光谱
Figure 6. The TCPS for the counter-propagation configuration when the 794.6 nm probe laser is scanned, and the frequency of 852.3 nm pump laser is locked on the 6S1/2(F = 4)→6P3/2(F' = 3, 4, 5) transition, respectively.
图 7 相位相反的双色偏振光谱TCPS, 红色(上) TCPS对应的λ/4波片位置读数为131°, 黑色(下) TCPS对应的λ/4波片位置读数为180°
Figure 7. The TCPS with opposite phase, (upper TCPS) angle of λ/4 wave plate is set to 131°; (lower TCPS) angle of λ/4 wave plate is set to 180°.
图 8 794.6 nm激光器自由运转和锁频后的频率起伏
Figure 8. The frequency fluctuation of 794.6 nm laser for free-running and locking on in 225 seconds, respectively.
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[1] Sun Q Q, Hong Y L, Zhuang W, Liu Z W, Chen J B 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 211102
Google Scholar
[2] Wu S J, Plisson T, Brown R C, Phillips W D, Porto J V 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 173003
Google Scholar
[3] Akulshin A M, Orel A A, McLean R J 2012 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 45 015401
Google Scholar
[4] Wang J, Liu H F, Yang G, Yang B D, Wang J M 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 052505
Google Scholar
[5] 任雅娜, 杨保东, 王杰, 杨光, 王军民 2016 65 073103
Google Scholar
Ren Y N, Yang B D, Wang J, Yang G, Wang J M 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 073103
Google Scholar
[6] Mohapatra K, Jackson T R, Adams C S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 113003
Google Scholar
[7] Parniak M, Leszczyński A, Wasilewski W 2016 Appl. Phys. Lett. 108 161103
Google Scholar
[8] Sasada H 1992 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 4 1307
Google Scholar
[9] Moon H S, Lee W K, Lee L, Kim J B 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 3965
Google Scholar
[10] Yang B D, Zhao J Y, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2009 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42 085111
Google Scholar
[11] Carr C, Adams C S, Weatherill K J 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 118
Google Scholar
[12] Yang B D, Wang J, Liu H F, He J, Wang J M 2014 Opt. Commun. 319 174
Google Scholar
[13] Wieman C, Hänsch T W 1976 Phys. Rev. Lett. 36 1170
Google Scholar
[14] Kulatunga P, Busch H C, Andrews L R, Sukenik C I 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 2851
Google Scholar
[15] Noh H R 2012 Opt. Express 20 21784
Google Scholar
[16] Cha E H, Jeong T, Noh H R 2014 Opt. Commun. 326 175
Google Scholar
[17] Moon H S, Lee L, Kim J B 2008 Opt. Express 16 12163
Google Scholar
[18] Becerra F E, Willis R T, Rolston S L, Orozco L A 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 1315
Google Scholar
[19] Yang B D, Gao J, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 013818
Google Scholar
[20] Yang B D, Liang Q B, He J, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 043803
Google Scholar
[21] Yang B D, Liang Q B, He J, Wang J M 2012 Opt. Express 20 11944
Google Scholar
[22] Yang B D, Wang J, Wang J M 2016 Chin. Opt. Lett. 14 040201
Google Scholar
[23] Song M, Yoon T H 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 033814
Google Scholar
[24] Moon H S 2008 Appl. Opt. 47 1097
Google Scholar
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