Excitonic magnetic polarons and their luminescence in II-VI diluted magnetic semiconductor micro-nanostructures

Zou Shuang-Yang; Muhammad Arshad; Yang Gao-Ling; Liu Rui-Bin; Shi Li-Jie; Zhang Yong-You; Jia Bao-Hua; Zhong Hai-Zheng; Zou Bing-Suo

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20181211

Abstract

Spin is an intrinsic nature of the angular momentum of elementary particle like electron and photon. Currently the collective spin behaviors of the multi-electrons in condensed matter, such as GMR, CMR and topological insulator which are the behaviors of ground state, have been a research focus in the condensed matter physics, due to the fact that the collective spin is related to electronic transports. Exciton is another type of bosonic quasiparticle, an excited state of electronhole pair in solid, which has a short lifetime and can recombine to emit light. Whether excitons can also exhibit the spin-polarized dominance before they recombine, has not been understood yet. It is proposed that excitons form condensate by themselves or light binding. Can coupled spins conduce to the formation of the exciton condensate in solid? Excitonic magnetic polaron (EMP) is the composite exciton of ferromagnetically coupled spins and free excitons in magnetic semiconductors, which may lead to ferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) due to the binding of collective spins in a microstructure, like the photon binding excitons (exciton polaritons) in an optical cavity However, this subject has not been a research focus yet. Here in this paper, we review the progress of the EMP formation, its dynamic behaviors and spin polarized collective EMP emission and lasing in Ⅱ-VI dilute magnetic semiconductor micro-structures in our group Besides, we also present some expectations for the applications or advances in the quantum phenomena such as spin-related emission and lasing, spin induced BEC, photon induced magnetism and Hall effect, etc. Even more achievements of EMP could be expected in the future.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
2. Department of Physics, College of Science Majmaah University, Al-Zulfi 11932, Saudi Arabia;
3. Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
4. Centre for Micro-Photonics, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria 3122, Australia

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Cited By

[1]	Wolf S A, Awschalom D D, Buhrman R A, Daughton J M, von Molnár S, Roukes M L, Chtchelkanova A Y, Treger D M 2001 Science 294 1488
[2]	Dietl T 2010 Nat. Mater. 9 965
[3]	Merkulov I A, Yakovlev D R, Keller A, Ossau W, Geurts J, Waag A, Landwehr G, Karczewski G, Wojtowicz T, Kossut J 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 1431
[4]	Bhattacharjee A K, Benoit Guillaume C 1997 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 55 10613
[5]	Norberg N S, Parks G L, Salley G M, Gamelin D R 2006 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128 13195
[6]	Beaulac R, Schneider L, Archer P I, Bacher G, Gamelin D R 2009 Science 325 973
[7]	Schwartz D A, Norberg N S, Nguyen Q P, Parker J M, Gamelin D R 2003 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 13205
[8]	Bhattacharjee A K 2007 Phys. Rev B: Condens. Matter 76 075305
[9]	Kavokin A, Gil B, Bigenwald P 1998 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 57 4261
[10]	Eisenstein J P, MacDonald A H 2004 Nature 432 691
[11]	Su, J J, MacDonald A H 2008 Nature Phys. 4 799
[12]	Kłopotowski Ł, Cywiński Ł, Wojnar P, Voliotis V, Fronc K, Kazimierczuk T, Golnik A, Ravaro M, Grousson R, Karczewski G, Wojtowicz T 2011 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 83 081306
[13]	Mackh G, Ossau W, Yakovlev D R, Waag A, Landwehr G, Hellmann R, Göbel E O 1994 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 49 10248
[14]	Cui X Y, Medvedeva J E, Delley B, Freeman A J, Newman N, Stampfl C 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 256404
[15]	Raebiger H, Lany S, Zunger A 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 167203
[16]	Ivanov V A, Pashkova O N, Ugolkova E A, Sanygin V P, Galéra R M 2008 Inorg. Mater. 44 1041
[17]	Zou B S, Liu R B, Wang F F, Pan A L, Cao L, Wang Z L 2006 J. Phys. Chem. B 110 12865
[18]	Bulakh B, Khomenkova L, Kushnirenko V, Markevich I 2004 Europ. Phys. J.: Appl. Phys. 27 305
[19]	Schmitt-Rink S, Chemla D S, Miller D A B 1989 Adv. Phys. 38 89
[20]	Johnson J C, Yan H, Yang P, Saykally R J 2003 J. Phys. Chem. B 107 8816
[21]	Johnson J C, Knutsen K P, Yan H, Law M, Zhang Y, Yang P, Saykally R J 2004 Nano Lett. 4 197
[22]	Klingshirn C 1992 J. Cryst. Growth 117 753
[23]	Griffin A, Snoke D W, Stringari S 1996 Bose-Einstein Condensation (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[24]	Godde T, Reshina I I, Ivanov S V, Akimov I A, Yakovlev D R, Bayer M 2010 Phys. Status Solidi (b) 247 1508
[25]	Wang R P, Xu G, Jin P 2004 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 69 113303
[26]	Liu R, Shi L, Zou B 2014 ACS Appl. Mat. Interf. 6 10353
[27]	Rashba E, Sturge M 1982 Excitons (North Holland: Amsterdam)
[28]	Liu R B, Zou B S 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 47104
[29]	Pokatilov E P, Fomin V M, Devreese J T, Balaban S N, Klimin S N 2000 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 61 2721
[30]	Butov L V, Lai C W, Ivanov A L, Gossard A C, Chemla D S 2002 Nature 417 47
[31]	Tang Z K, Wong G K L, Yu P, Kawasaki M, Ohtomo A, Koinuma H, Segawa Y 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 3270
[32]	Cao L, Miao Y, Zhang Z, Xie S S, Yang G Z, Zou B S 2005 J. Chem. Phys. 123 024702
[33]	Lövenich R, Schäfer W, Kner P, Chemla D S 1997 Physica Status Solidi (a) 164 347
[34]	Dietl T, Ohno H, Matsukura F, Cibert J, Ferrand D 2000 Science 287 1019
[35]	Sharma P, Gupta A, Rao K V, Owens F J, Sharma R, Ahuja R, Guillen J M O, Johansson B, Gehring G A 2003 Nat. Mater. 2 673
[36]	Jin Z W, Yoo Y Z, Sekiguchi T, Chikyow T, Ofuchi H, Fujioka H, Oshima M, Koinuma H 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 39
[37]	Norberg N S, Kittilstved K R, Amonette J E, Kukkadapu R K, Schwartz D A, Gamelin D R 2004 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126 9387
[38]	Furdyna J K 1988 J. Appl. Phys. 64 R29
[39]	Takahashi M 2004 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 70 035207
[40]	Mizokawa T, Nambu T, Fujimori A, Fukumura T, Kawasaki M 2002 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 65 085209
[41]	Demokritov S O, Demidov V E, Dzyapko O, Melkov G A, Serga A A, Hillebrands B, Slavin A N 2006 Nature 443 430
[42]	Maksimov A A, Bacher G, McDonald A, Kulakovskii V D, Forchel A, Becker C R, Landwehr G, Molenkamp L W 2000 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 62 R7767
[43]	Seufert J, Bacher G, Scheibner M, Forchel A, Lee S, Dobrowolska M, Furdyna J K 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 027402
[44]	Sun L, Chen Z, Ren Q, Yu K, Bai L, Zhou W, Xiong H, Zhu Z Q, Shen X 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 156403
[45]	Xie W, Dong H, Zhang S, Sun L, Zhou W, Ling Y, Lu J, Shen X, Chen Z 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 166401
[46]	Liu R, Pan A, Fan H, Wang F, Shen Z, Yang G, Xie S, Zou B 2007 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 19 136206
[47]	Leung Y H, Kwok W M, Djurišić A B, Phillips D L, Chan W K 2005 Nanotechnology 16 579
[48]	Paredes B, Widera A, Murg V, Mandel O, Fölling S, Cirac I, Shlyapnikov G V, Hänsch T W, Bloch I 2004 Nature 429 277
[49]	Kinoshita T, Wenger T, Weiss D S 2004 Science 305 1125
[50]	Eisenstein J P, MacDonald A H 2004 Nature 432 691
[51]	Kamran M A, Liu R, Shi L, Li Z, Marzi T, Schöppner C, Farle M, Zou B S 2014 Nanotechnology 25 385201
[52]	Kamran M A, Liu R, Shi L, Zou B S, Zhang Q 2013 J. Phys. Chem. C 117 17777
[53]	Zuo T, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Jiang X, Gao X 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 6618
[54]	Pradhan N, Peng X 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 3339
[55]	Hazarika A, Layek A, De S, Nag A, Debnath S, Mahadevan P, Chowdhury A, Sarma D D 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 267401
[56]	Erwin S C, Zu L J, Haftel M I, Efros A L, Kennedy T A, Norris D J 2005 Nature 436 91
[57]	Yang G, Xu G, Chen B, Zou S, Liu R, Zhong H, Zou B 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 3260
[58]	Bhattacharyya S, Estrin Y, Rich D H, Zitoun D, Koltypin Y, Gedanken A 2010 J. Phys. Chem. C 114 22002
[59]	Gumlich H E, Moser R, Neumann E 1967 Phys. Status Solidi (b) 24 K13
[60]	Nag A, Cherian R, Mahadevan P, Gopal A V, Hazarika A, Mohan A, Vengurlekar A S, Sarma D D 2010 J. Phys. Chem. C 114 18323
[61]	Cui X Y, Delley B, Freeman A J, Stampfl C 2007 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 76 045201
[62]	Durst A C, Bhatt R N, Wolff P A 2002 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 65 235205
[63]	Wojtowicz T, Koleśnik S, Miotkowski I, Furdyna J K 1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 2317
[64]	Beaulac R, Feng Y, May J W, Badaeva E, Gamelin D R, Li X 2011 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 84 195324
[65]	Delikanli S, He S, Qin Y, Zhang P, Zeng H, Zhang H, Swihart M 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 132501
[66]	Kisliuk P, Chang N C, Scott P L, Pryce M H L 1969 Phys. Rev. 184 367
[67]	Spano F C, Silva C 2014 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 65 477
[68]	Muhammad A K, Zhang Y Y, Liu R B, Shi L J, Zou B S 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. 31 067802
[69]	Zou S, Kamran M A, Shi L J, Liu R B, Guo S, Kavokin A, Zou B S 2016 ACS Photon. 3 1809
[70]	Bonanni A, Navarro-Quezada A, Li T, Wegscheider M, Matěj Z, Holy V, Lechner R T, Bauer G, Rovezzi M, D'Acapito F, Kiecana M, Sawicki M, Dietl T 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 135502
[71]	Zhang Y B, Assadi M H N, Li S 2009 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 175802
[72]	Oka Y, Shen J, Takabayashi K, Takahashi N, Mitsu H, Souma I, Pittini R 1999 J. Lumin. 83 83
[73]	Godlewski M, Yatsunenko S, Khachapuridze A, Ivanov V Y, Gołacki Z, Karczewski G, Bergman P J, Klar P J, Heimbrodt W, Phillips M R 2004 J. Alloy. Compd. 380 45
[74]	Chang K, Peeters F M 2003 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 68 205320
[75]	Katayama K, Miyajima K, Ashida M, Itoh T 2012 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 24 325801
[76]	Dey A, Yarlagadda S 2014 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 89 064311
[77]	Butov L V, Filin A I 1998 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 58 1980
[78]	Snoke D W 2011 Adv. Condens. Matter Phys. 2011 938609
[79]	Moskalenko S A, Liberman M A, Dumanov E V 2011 J. Nanoelectron. Optoelectron. 6 393
[80]	Hague J P, Kornilovitch P E 2010 Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 82 094301
[81]	Hague J P, Kornilovitch P E, Samson J H, Alexandrov A S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 037002
[82]	Voigt J, Spiegelberg F, Senoner M 1979 Phys. Status Solidi 91 189
[83]	Bandres M A, Wittek S, Harari G, Parto M, Ren J, Segev M, Christodoulides D N, Khajavikhan M 2018 Science 359 4005
[84]	Bliokh K Y, Rodríguez-Fortuño F J, Nori F, Zayats A V 2015 Nature Photon. 9 796

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Vol. 68, Issue 1 - 2019-01-05

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