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Oscillation behaviors of oscillators consisting of defect-free multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been extensively studied, owing to the operating frequency of the nanotubes being able to reach up to gigahertz. However, there exist defects in most carbon nanotubes, which will affect the friction force between the walls of nanotubes. It is therefore critical to investigate the oscillation characteristics of the MWCNT-based oscillators containing a distorted or defective rotating tube, for the design of MWCNTs-based oscillators. Unlike the case in the armchair carbon nanotubes (Zeng Y H, et al. 2016 Nanotechnology 27 95705), the existence of the helical rise in the zigzag-type nanotubes can induce aberrant or defective shell structures. In this paper, the oscillatory behaviors of zigzag@zigzag double-wall carbon nanotubes containing a rotating inner tube with different helical rises are investigated using the molecular dynamics method. In all the simulation modes, the adaptive intermolecular reactive empirical bond order potential is used in this work for both the covalent bond between carbon atoms and the long-range van der Waals interaction of the force field. The perfect zigzag outer tube is assumed to be fixed while the zigzag inner tube is free after it has been rotated by a torque. At the beginning of the simulation, the whole system is heat bathed at a temperature around 300 K for 60 ps, to gently increase the whole system temperature to around 300 K after the energy minimization. The total number of particles, the system volume, and the absolute temperature are kept unchanged for 60 ps. Then we apply a torque of 30 eV to the inner tube under the constant temperature. After the rotation frequency of the inner tube reaches around 300 GHz, we remove the torque of inner tube and let the whole system be under a constant energy condition. The time steps for all simulations are all chosen to be 1 fs. The total time for the simulation is 3000 ps. It is found that the oscillatory behavior of the inner tube is dependent on the helical rise. The simulation results show that the oscillation frequency of the inner tube increases with the length of helical rise increasing. However, as the helical rise is further increased, the oscillation becomes awful because of the breakage of the inner tube with defects. Moreover, the zigzag@zigzag double-wall carbon nanotubes without any helical rise may be used as an ideal rotating actuator because the inner tube can rotate at an approximately constant rotational frequency. The influence of the system temperature on the oscillatory behavior of inner tube with a helical rise of 0.5 nm is also investigated. The results show that the oscillation amplitude of the inner tube increases with temperature increasing, but the oscillation of the inner tube is extremely unstable if the temperature is higher than a critical value.
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Keywords:
- carbon nanotube /
- helical rise /
- defect /
- molecular dynamics
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[23] Guo Z, Chang T, Guo X, Gao H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 105502
[24] Guo Z, Chang T, Guo X, Gao H 2012 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 60 1676
[25] Song H Y, Zha X W 2009 Phys. Lett. A 373 1058
[26] Guo W L, Zhong W Y, Dai Y T, Li S 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 075409
[27] Hou Q W, Cao B Y, Guo Z Y 2009 Nanotechnology 20 495503
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[1] Zou J, Ji B H, Feng X Q, Gao H J 2006 Nano Lett. 6 430
[2] Qin Z, Zou J, Feng X Q 2008 J. Comput. Theor. Nanos. 5 1403
[3] Zou J, Ji B H, Feng X Q, Gao H J 2006 Small 2 1348
[4] Cumings J, Zettl A 2000 Science 289 602
[5] Legoas S B, Coluci V R, Braga S F, Coura P Z, Dantas S O, Galvao D S 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 055504
[6] Fennimore A, Yuzvinsky T, Han W, Fuhrer M, Cumings J, Zettl A 2003 Nature 424 408
[7] Cai K, Yin H, Qin Q H, Li Y 2014 Nano Lett. 14 2558
[8] Servantie J, Gaspard P 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 13831
[9] Zheng Q, Liu J Z, Jiang Q 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 245409
[10] Guo W L, Guo Y F, Gao H J, Zheng Q S 2003 Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 125501
[11] Cook E H, Buehler M J, Spakovszky Z S 2013 J. Mech. Phys. Solids. 61 652
[12] Peng D F, Jiang W G, Peng C 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 146102 (in Chinese) [彭德锋, 江五贵, 彭川 2012 61 146102]
[13] Zhang L J, Hu H F, Wang Z Y, Chen N T, Xie N, Lin B B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 077209 (in Chinese) [张丽娟, 胡慧芳, 王志勇, 陈南庭, 谢能, 林冰冰 2011 60 077209]
[14] Liu P, Gao H J, Zhang Y W 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 083107
[15] Li J 2011 Adv. Mater. Res. 308 584
[16] Zeng Y H, Jiang W G, Qin Q H 2016 Nanotechnology 27 095705
[17] Legoas S B, Coluci V R, Braga S F, Coura P Z, Dantas S O 2004 Nanotechnology 15 184
[18] Iijima S 1993 Mat. Sci. Eng. B 19 172
[19] Brenner D W 1992 Phys. Rev. B 46 9458
[20] Brenner D W, Shenderova O A, Harrison J A, Stuart S J, Ni B, Sinnott S B 2002 J. Phys. -Condens. Mat. 14 783
[21] Voter A F, Doll J D 1984 J. Chem. Phys. 80 5832
[22] Doll J D, McDowell H K 1982 J. Chem. Phys. 77 479
[23] Guo Z, Chang T, Guo X, Gao H 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 105502
[24] Guo Z, Chang T, Guo X, Gao H 2012 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 60 1676
[25] Song H Y, Zha X W 2009 Phys. Lett. A 373 1058
[26] Guo W L, Zhong W Y, Dai Y T, Li S 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 075409
[27] Hou Q W, Cao B Y, Guo Z Y 2009 Nanotechnology 20 495503
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