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The functional corticomuscular coupling (FCMC) is defined as the interaction, coherence and time synchronism between cerebral cortex and muscle tissue, which could be revealed by the synchronization analyses of electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) firing in a target muscle. The FCMC analysis is an effective method to describe the information transfer and interaction in neuromuscular pathways. Forthermore, the multiscaled coherence analyses of EEG and EMG signals recorded simultaneously could describe the multiple spatial and temporal functional connection characteristics of FCMC, which could be helpful for understanding the multiple spatial and temporal coupling mechanism of neuromuscular system. In this paper, based on the adaptively decomposing signal into frequency band characteristis of variational mode decomposition (VMD) and the quantitatively detecting the directed exchange of information between two systems of transfer entropy (TE), a new methodvariational mode decomposition-transfer entropy (VMD-TE) is proposed. The VMD-TE method could quantitatively analyze the nonlinear functional connection characteristic on multiple time-frequency scales between EEG over brain scalp and surface EMG signals from flexor digitorum surerficialis, which are recorded simultaneously during grip task with steady-state force output.In this paper, application of VMD-TE method consists of two steps. Firstly, the EEG and EMG signals are adaptively decomposed into multi intrinsic mode functions based on variational mode decomposition method, respectively, to describe the information on different time-frequency scales. Then the transfer entropies between the different timefrequency scales of EEG and EMG are calculated to describe the nonlinear corticomuscular coupling characteristic in different pathways (EEGEMG and EMGEEG), to show the functional coupling strength (namely VMD-TE values). finally, the maximum VMD-TE values between the different time-frequency scales of EEG and EMG signals among the eight subjects are selected, to describe the discrepancies of FCMC interaction strength between all time-frequency scales. The results show that functional corticomuscular coupling is significant in both descending (EEGEMG) and ascending (EMGEEG) directions in the beta-band (15-35 Hz) in the static force output stage. Meanwhile, the interaction strength between EEG signal and the gamma band (50-72 Hz) of EMG signal in descending direction is higher than in ascending direction. Our study confirms that the beta oscillations of EEG travel bidirectionally between sensorimotor
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Keywords:
- functional coupling /
- ariational mode decomposition /
- ransfer entropy /
- ime-frequency scales
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[7] Martis R J, Acharya U R, Tan J H, Petznick A, Ng E Y K, Tong L 2012 Int. J. Neural. Syst. 22 1250027
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[10] Wu Z, Huang N E 2009 Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 1 1
[11] Chen D, Li D, Xiong M Z, Bao H, Li X L 2010 IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. B 14 1417
[12] Dragomiretskiy K, Zosso D {2014 IEEE Trans. Signal Proces. 62 531
[13] Xie P, Yang F M, Chen X L, Du Y H, Wu X G 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 248702 (in Chinese) [谢平, 杨芳梅, 陈晓玲, 杜义浩, 吴晓光 2015 64 248702]
[14] Yang Y F, Wu Y F, Ren X M, Qin W M, Zhi X Z, Qiu Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3746 (in Chinese) [杨永锋, 吴亚锋, 任兴民, 秦卫阳, 支希哲, 裘焱 2009 58 3746]
[15] Witham C L, Riddle C N, Baker M R, Baker S N 2011 J. Physiol. 589 3789
[16] Schelter B, Timmer J, Eichler M 2009 J. Neurosci. Meth. 179 121
[17] Laine C M, Negro F, Farina D 2013 J. Neurophysiol. 110 170
[18] Androulidakis A G, Doyle L M, Yarrow K, Litvak V, Gilbertson T P, Brown P 2007 Eur. J. Neurosci. 25 3758
[19] Kristeva R, Patino L, Omlor W 2007 NeuroImage 36 785
[20] Gilbertson T, Lalo E, Doyle L, Di Lazzaro V, Cioni B, Brown P 2005 J. Neurosci. 25 7771
[21] Androulidakis A G, Doyle L M, Gilbertson T P, Brown P 2006 Eur. J. Neurosci. 24 3299
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[1] Costa M, Goldberger A L, Peng C K 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 068102
[2] Hu M, Liang H 2012 IEEE Trans. Bio-Med. Eng. 59 12
[3] Thuraisingham R A, Gottwald G A 2006 Physica A 366 323
[4] Zhang X, Chen X, Barkhaus P E, Zhou P {2013 IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. B 17 470
[5] Wu S D, Wu C W, Lee K Y, Lin S G 2013 Physica A 392 5865
[6] Stamoulis C, Chang B S 2011 33rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Boston, Massachusetts USA, August 30-September 3, 2011 p5908
[7] Martis R J, Acharya U R, Tan J H, Petznick A, Ng E Y K, Tong L 2012 Int. J. Neural. Syst. 22 1250027
[8] Sapsanis C, Georgoulas G, Tzes A, Lymberopoulos D 2013 35th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS Osaka, Japan, July 3-7, 2013 p5754
[9] Zhang X Q, Liang J 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 050505 (in Chinese) [张学清, 梁军 2013 62 050505]
[10] Wu Z, Huang N E 2009 Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 1 1
[11] Chen D, Li D, Xiong M Z, Bao H, Li X L 2010 IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. B 14 1417
[12] Dragomiretskiy K, Zosso D {2014 IEEE Trans. Signal Proces. 62 531
[13] Xie P, Yang F M, Chen X L, Du Y H, Wu X G 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 248702 (in Chinese) [谢平, 杨芳梅, 陈晓玲, 杜义浩, 吴晓光 2015 64 248702]
[14] Yang Y F, Wu Y F, Ren X M, Qin W M, Zhi X Z, Qiu Y 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 3746 (in Chinese) [杨永锋, 吴亚锋, 任兴民, 秦卫阳, 支希哲, 裘焱 2009 58 3746]
[15] Witham C L, Riddle C N, Baker M R, Baker S N 2011 J. Physiol. 589 3789
[16] Schelter B, Timmer J, Eichler M 2009 J. Neurosci. Meth. 179 121
[17] Laine C M, Negro F, Farina D 2013 J. Neurophysiol. 110 170
[18] Androulidakis A G, Doyle L M, Yarrow K, Litvak V, Gilbertson T P, Brown P 2007 Eur. J. Neurosci. 25 3758
[19] Kristeva R, Patino L, Omlor W 2007 NeuroImage 36 785
[20] Gilbertson T, Lalo E, Doyle L, Di Lazzaro V, Cioni B, Brown P 2005 J. Neurosci. 25 7771
[21] Androulidakis A G, Doyle L M, Gilbertson T P, Brown P 2006 Eur. J. Neurosci. 24 3299
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