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Diagnostic measurement of single picosecond event in high energy density physics, laser fusion, plasma radiation, and combustion, is of great importance. However, the measuring of the shape of the single X-ray pulse and the synchronization of X-ray and the laser pulse in picosecond resolution is still a great challenge. Restricted by the transit time of electrons, the time-resolution limit of a conventional framing camera based on the microchannel plate is 40 ps. Centered on the full-optical modulation effect of the light-probe, a novel method for X-ray detection of picoseconds temporal resolution based on low temperature GaAs is proposed in this work. The basic physical mechanism of the detector can be explained in both macroscopical and microcosmic ways. In the macroscopical way, the X-ray radiation absorption in the sensor material produces a transient, non-equilibrium electron-hole pair distribution that results in a transient differential change of the local refractive index, which is then sensed by the reflectivity changes of the optical probe beam. In the microcosmic way, X-ray absorption creates photoelectrons and the core level holes are subsequently filled through Auger or fluorescence processes. These excitations ultimately increase conduction and valence band carriers that perturb optical reflectivity.#br#To verify the proposed X-ray detection method, a Fabry-Perot detector is designed, which consists of a 5 μm thick GaAs layer surrounded by a GaAs/AlAs distributed Bragg reflector. The test is carried out on a femtosecond laser facility, where the X-ray source is produced by focusing the 56 fs Ti: Sapphire facility laser, with a central wavelength of 800 nm, onto an aluminum foil. Then the X-ray pulse induces a transient optical reflectivity change in GaAs, which is a powerful tool for establishing the high-speed X-ray detection.#br#The experimental results indicate that this technology can be used to provide X-ray detectors with a temporal resolution of tens of picoseconds. By optimizing the material, the temporal resolution can be enhanced to be less than 1 ps. Through further development, this X-ray detector could provide an insight into previously unmeasurable phenomena in many fields. Future work will focus on developing much faster devices characterizing both the rise and fall time and imaging array technology.
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Keywords:
- all optical modulation /
- temporal resolution /
- X-ray detection
[1] Hu X, Jiang S E, Cui Y L Huang Y X, Ding Y K, Liu Z L, Yi R Q, Li C G, Zhang J H, Zhang H Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1447 (in Chinese) [胡昕, 江少恩, 崔延莉, 黄翼翔, 丁永坤, 刘忠礼, 易荣清, 李朝光, 张景和, 张华全 2007 56 1447]
[2] Wang R R, Jia G, Fang Z H, Wang W, Meng X F, Xie Z Y, Zhang F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 113201
[3] Pawley C J, Deniz A V 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 1286
[4] Schneider M B, Holder J P, James D L, Bruns H C, Celeste J R, Compton J 2006 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 321
[5] Goda K, Tsia K K, Jalali B 2009 Nature 458 1145
[6] Chris H S, John E H 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1389
[7] Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 031107
[8] Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W, Remington B A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151111
[9] Durbin S M, Clevenger T, Graber T, Henning R 2012 Nature Photon. 6 111
[10] Gibbs H M 1995 Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light (Orlando: Academic Press) pp135-137
[11] Ziaja B, London R A, Hajdu J 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 033514
[12] Liang L L, Tian J S, Wang T, Li F L, Gao G L, Wang J F, Wang C, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Cao X B, Wen W L, Xin L W, Liu H L, Wang X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 060702 (in Chinese) [梁玲亮, 田进寿, 汪韬, 李福利, 高贵龙, 王俊锋, 王超, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 曹希斌, 温文龙, 辛丽伟, 刘虎林, 王兴 2014 63 060702]
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[1] Hu X, Jiang S E, Cui Y L Huang Y X, Ding Y K, Liu Z L, Yi R Q, Li C G, Zhang J H, Zhang H Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1447 (in Chinese) [胡昕, 江少恩, 崔延莉, 黄翼翔, 丁永坤, 刘忠礼, 易荣清, 李朝光, 张景和, 张华全 2007 56 1447]
[2] Wang R R, Jia G, Fang Z H, Wang W, Meng X F, Xie Z Y, Zhang F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 113201
[3] Pawley C J, Deniz A V 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 1286
[4] Schneider M B, Holder J P, James D L, Bruns H C, Celeste J R, Compton J 2006 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 321
[5] Goda K, Tsia K K, Jalali B 2009 Nature 458 1145
[6] Chris H S, John E H 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1389
[7] Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 031107
[8] Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W, Remington B A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151111
[9] Durbin S M, Clevenger T, Graber T, Henning R 2012 Nature Photon. 6 111
[10] Gibbs H M 1995 Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light (Orlando: Academic Press) pp135-137
[11] Ziaja B, London R A, Hajdu J 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 033514
[12] Liang L L, Tian J S, Wang T, Li F L, Gao G L, Wang J F, Wang C, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Cao X B, Wen W L, Xin L W, Liu H L, Wang X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 060702 (in Chinese) [梁玲亮, 田进寿, 汪韬, 李福利, 高贵龙, 王俊锋, 王超, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 曹希斌, 温文龙, 辛丽伟, 刘虎林, 王兴 2014 63 060702]
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