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We experimentally simulate entanglement distribution and demonstrate the violation of Bell’s inequality over 70 dB channel loss. Imaging a communication system which is composed of a satellite-based entangled photon source at a height of 350 km, two satellite-based transmitting telescopes each with a diameter of 13.5 cm, and two receiving telescopes each with a diameter of 100 cm on the ground station. At a minimum ground elevation angle of 10°, the attenuation for optical links to two ground stations over thousand kilometers is comparable to that we have achieved. Furthermore, theoretical and experimental studies demonstrate the key technology researches in entanglement distribution with high loss. First of all, we should reduce the dark noise and raise the time resolution of the system. On this basis, with the brightness enhancement of the source, the system is tolerant of higher link attenuation and long communication distance.
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Keywords:
- entanglement distribution /
- channel loss /
- time resolution /
- Bell’s inequality
[1] Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N 1935 Phys. Rev. 47 777
[2] Bell J S 1964 Physics 1 195
[3] Clauser J F, Horne M A, Shimony A, Holt R A 1969 Phys. Rev. Lett. 23 880
[4] Gisin N, Ribordy G, Tittel W, Zbinden H 2002 Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 145
[5] Scarani V, Bechmann-Pasquinucci H, Cerf N J, Duek M, Lütkenhaus N, Peev M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1301
[6] Aspelmeyer M, Böhm H R, Gyatso T, Jennewein T, Kaltenbaek R, Lindenthal M, Molina-Terriza G, Poppe A, Resch K, Taraba M, Ursin R, Walther P, Zeilinger A 2003 Science 301 621
[7] Peng C Z, Yang T, Bao X H, Zhang J, Jin X M, Feng F Y, Yang B, Yang J, Yin J, Zhang Q, Li N, Tian B L, Pan J W 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 150501
[8] Ursin R, Tiefenbacher F, Schmitt-Manderbach T, Weier H, Scheidl T, Lindenthal M, Blauensteiner B, Jennewein T, Perdigues J, Trojek P, mer B, Fürst M, Meyenburg M, Rarity J, Sodnik Z, Narbieri C, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 481
[9] Fedrizzi A, Ursin R, Herbst T, Nespoli M, Prevedel R, Scheidl T, Tiefenbacher F, Jennewein T, Zeilinger A 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 389
[10] Ursin R, Jennewein T, Kofler J, Perdigues J, Cacciapuoti L, Matos C J, Aspelmeyer M, Valencia A, Scheidl T, Fedrizzi A, Acin A, Barbieri C, Bianco G, Brukner , Capmany J, Cova S, Giggenbach D, Leeb W, Hadfield R H, Laflamme R, Lütkenhaus N, Milburn G, Peev M, Ralph T, Rarity J, Renner R, Samain E, Solomos N, Tittel W, Torres J P, Toyoshima M, Ortigosa-Blanch A, Pruneri V, Villoresi P, Walmsley I, Weihs G, Weinfurter H, Z · ukowski M, Zeilinger A 2009 Europhys. News 40 26
[11] Pfennigbauer M, Aspelmeyer M, Leeb W, Baister G, Dreischer T, Jennewein T, Neckamm G, Perdigues J, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2005 J. Opt.Commun. Netw. 4 549
[12] Bonato C, Tomaello A, Deppo V D, Naletto G, Villoresi P 2009 New J. Phys. 11 045017
[13] Scheidl T, Ursin R, Fedrizzi A, Ramelow S, Ma X S, Herbst T, Prevedel R, Ratschbacher L, Kofler J, Jennewein T, Zeilinger A 2009 New J. Phys. 11 085002
[14] Ren J G, Zhang H, Cai X D, Yin J, Zhou F, Peng C Z 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5169 (in Chinese) [任继刚、张 涵、蔡昕东、印 娟、周 飞、彭承志 2009 58 5169]
[15] Fedrizzi A, Herbst T, Poppe A, Jennewein T, Zeilinger A 2007 Opt. Express 15 15377
[16] Wang S K, Ren J G, Peng C Z, Jiang S, Wang X B 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2471
[17] Jennewein T, Simon C, Weihs G, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4729
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[1] Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N 1935 Phys. Rev. 47 777
[2] Bell J S 1964 Physics 1 195
[3] Clauser J F, Horne M A, Shimony A, Holt R A 1969 Phys. Rev. Lett. 23 880
[4] Gisin N, Ribordy G, Tittel W, Zbinden H 2002 Rev. Mod. Phys. 74 145
[5] Scarani V, Bechmann-Pasquinucci H, Cerf N J, Duek M, Lütkenhaus N, Peev M 2009 Rev. Mod. Phys. 81 1301
[6] Aspelmeyer M, Böhm H R, Gyatso T, Jennewein T, Kaltenbaek R, Lindenthal M, Molina-Terriza G, Poppe A, Resch K, Taraba M, Ursin R, Walther P, Zeilinger A 2003 Science 301 621
[7] Peng C Z, Yang T, Bao X H, Zhang J, Jin X M, Feng F Y, Yang B, Yang J, Yin J, Zhang Q, Li N, Tian B L, Pan J W 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 150501
[8] Ursin R, Tiefenbacher F, Schmitt-Manderbach T, Weier H, Scheidl T, Lindenthal M, Blauensteiner B, Jennewein T, Perdigues J, Trojek P, mer B, Fürst M, Meyenburg M, Rarity J, Sodnik Z, Narbieri C, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2007 Nat. Phys. 3 481
[9] Fedrizzi A, Ursin R, Herbst T, Nespoli M, Prevedel R, Scheidl T, Tiefenbacher F, Jennewein T, Zeilinger A 2009 Nat. Phys. 5 389
[10] Ursin R, Jennewein T, Kofler J, Perdigues J, Cacciapuoti L, Matos C J, Aspelmeyer M, Valencia A, Scheidl T, Fedrizzi A, Acin A, Barbieri C, Bianco G, Brukner , Capmany J, Cova S, Giggenbach D, Leeb W, Hadfield R H, Laflamme R, Lütkenhaus N, Milburn G, Peev M, Ralph T, Rarity J, Renner R, Samain E, Solomos N, Tittel W, Torres J P, Toyoshima M, Ortigosa-Blanch A, Pruneri V, Villoresi P, Walmsley I, Weihs G, Weinfurter H, Z · ukowski M, Zeilinger A 2009 Europhys. News 40 26
[11] Pfennigbauer M, Aspelmeyer M, Leeb W, Baister G, Dreischer T, Jennewein T, Neckamm G, Perdigues J, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2005 J. Opt.Commun. Netw. 4 549
[12] Bonato C, Tomaello A, Deppo V D, Naletto G, Villoresi P 2009 New J. Phys. 11 045017
[13] Scheidl T, Ursin R, Fedrizzi A, Ramelow S, Ma X S, Herbst T, Prevedel R, Ratschbacher L, Kofler J, Jennewein T, Zeilinger A 2009 New J. Phys. 11 085002
[14] Ren J G, Zhang H, Cai X D, Yin J, Zhou F, Peng C Z 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5169 (in Chinese) [任继刚、张 涵、蔡昕东、印 娟、周 飞、彭承志 2009 58 5169]
[15] Fedrizzi A, Herbst T, Poppe A, Jennewein T, Zeilinger A 2007 Opt. Express 15 15377
[16] Wang S K, Ren J G, Peng C Z, Jiang S, Wang X B 2007 Chin. Phys. Lett. 24 2471
[17] Jennewein T, Simon C, Weihs G, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 4729
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