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The photoluminescence properties of InGaAsP films with a bandgap energy of 1.05 eV for quadruple-junction solar cells grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) are investigated. We make the excitation intensity and temperature dependence of continuous-wave photoluminescence (cw-PL) measurements. The PL peak position is 1.1 eV at 10 K, and almost independent of the excitation power, but the integrated intensity of the PL emission peaks is roughly proportional to the excitation power. The shift of peak position with temperature follows the band gap shrinking predicted by the well-known Varshni's empirical formula. These results indicate that the intrinsic transition dominates the light emission of the InGaAsP material. In addition, we also make the time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) measurements to determine the carrier luminescence relaxation time in InGaAsP. PL spectra suggest that the relaxation time is 10.4 ns at room temperature and increases with increasing excitation power, which demonstrates the high quality of the InGaAsP material. However, the relaxation time shows an S-shape variation with increasing temperature: it increases at temperatures lower than 50 K, and then decreases between 50–150 K, and increases again when temperature is over 150 K. According to the effect of temperature and the non-radiative recombination center concentration on the carrier relaxation time, the recombination mechanism of S-shape variation can be explained by the carrier relaxation dynamics.
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Keywords:
- InGaAsP /
- molecular beam epitaxy /
- photoluminescence /
- carrier luminescence relaxation time
[1] Friedman D J, Kurtz S R, Bertness K A, Kibbler A E, Kramer C, Olson J M, King D L, Hansen B R, Snyder J K 1995 Prog Photovolt. 3 47
[2] Yamaguchi M 2003 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 75 261
[3] Dimroth F, Beckert R, Meusel M, Schubert U, Bett A W 2001 Prog. Photovolt. 9 165
[4] Wang J Z, Huang Q L, Xu X, Quan B G, Luo J H, Zhang Y, Ye J S, Li D M, Meng Q B, Yang G Z 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 054201
[5] Yang J, Zhao D G, Jiang D S, Liu Z S, Chen P, Li L, Wu L L, Le L C, Li X J, He Xiao-G, Wang H, Zhu J J, Zhang S M, Zhang B S, Yang H 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 068801
[6] Wang H X, Zheng X H, Wu Y Y, Gan X Y, Wang N M, Yang H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 218801 (in Chinese) [王海啸, 郑新和, 吴渊渊, 甘兴源, 王乃明, 杨辉 2013 62 218801]
[7] Green M A, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W 2013 Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 21 827
[8] Marti A, Araujo G L 1996 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 43 203
[9] Shockley W, Queisser H 1961 J. Appl. Phys. 32 510
[10] Law D C, King R R, Yoon H, Archer M J, Boca A, Fetzer C M, Mesropian S, Isshiki T, Haddad M, Edmondson K M, Bhusari D, Yena J, Sherif R A, Atwater H A, Karama N H 2010 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 1314
[11] Dimroth F, Grave M, Beutel P, Fiedeler U, Karcher C, Tibbits N T D, Oliva E, Siefer G, Schachtner M, Wekkeli A, Bett A W, Krause R, Piccin M, Blanc N, Drazek C, Guiot E, Ghyselen B, Salvetat T, Tauzin A, Signamarcheix T, Dobrich A, Hannappel T, Schwarzburg K 2014 Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 22 277
[12] Schimper H J, Kollonitsch Z, Moller K, Seidel U, Bloeck U, Schwarzburg K, Willing F, Hannappel T 2006 J. Cryst. Growth 287 642
[13] Dharmarasu N, Yamaguchi M, Khan A, Yamada T, Tanabe T, Takagishi S, Takamoto T, Ohshima T, Itoh H, Imaizumi M, Matsuda S 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 2399
[14] Luo S, Ji H M, Gao F, Yang X G, Liang P, Zhao L J, Yang T 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 068101
[15] Baillargeon J N, Cho A Y, Thiel F A, Fischer R J, Pearah P J, Cheng K Y 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 207
[16] Baillargeon J N, Cho A Y, Cheng K Y 1996 J. Appl. Phys. 79 7652
[17] Ji L, Lu S L, Wu Y Y, Dai P, Bian L F, Arimochi M, Watanabe T, Asaka N, Uemura M, Tackeuchi A, Uchida S, Yang H 2014 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 27 1
[18] Yin M, Nash G R, Coomber S D, Buckle L, Carrington Krier J P A, Aandreev A, Przeslak J S B, Valicourt G, Smith S J, Emeny M T, Ashley T 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 121106
[19] Fouquet J E, Siegman A E 1985 Appl. Phys. Lett. 46 280
[20] Varshni Y P 1967 Physica 34 149
[21] Satzke K, Weiser G, Hoger R, Thulke W 1988 J. Appl. Phys. 63 5485
[22] Li C F, Lin D Y, Huang Y S, Chen Y F, Tiong K K 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 81 400
[23] Schwedler R, Reinhardt F, Grützmacher D, Wolter K 1991 J. Cryst. Growth 107 531
[24] Maksimov O, Guo S P, Muňoz M, Tamargo M C 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 90 5135
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[1] Friedman D J, Kurtz S R, Bertness K A, Kibbler A E, Kramer C, Olson J M, King D L, Hansen B R, Snyder J K 1995 Prog Photovolt. 3 47
[2] Yamaguchi M 2003 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 75 261
[3] Dimroth F, Beckert R, Meusel M, Schubert U, Bett A W 2001 Prog. Photovolt. 9 165
[4] Wang J Z, Huang Q L, Xu X, Quan B G, Luo J H, Zhang Y, Ye J S, Li D M, Meng Q B, Yang G Z 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 054201
[5] Yang J, Zhao D G, Jiang D S, Liu Z S, Chen P, Li L, Wu L L, Le L C, Li X J, He Xiao-G, Wang H, Zhu J J, Zhang S M, Zhang B S, Yang H 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 068801
[6] Wang H X, Zheng X H, Wu Y Y, Gan X Y, Wang N M, Yang H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 218801 (in Chinese) [王海啸, 郑新和, 吴渊渊, 甘兴源, 王乃明, 杨辉 2013 62 218801]
[7] Green M A, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W 2013 Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 21 827
[8] Marti A, Araujo G L 1996 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 43 203
[9] Shockley W, Queisser H 1961 J. Appl. Phys. 32 510
[10] Law D C, King R R, Yoon H, Archer M J, Boca A, Fetzer C M, Mesropian S, Isshiki T, Haddad M, Edmondson K M, Bhusari D, Yena J, Sherif R A, Atwater H A, Karama N H 2010 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94 1314
[11] Dimroth F, Grave M, Beutel P, Fiedeler U, Karcher C, Tibbits N T D, Oliva E, Siefer G, Schachtner M, Wekkeli A, Bett A W, Krause R, Piccin M, Blanc N, Drazek C, Guiot E, Ghyselen B, Salvetat T, Tauzin A, Signamarcheix T, Dobrich A, Hannappel T, Schwarzburg K 2014 Prog. Photovolt: Res. Appl. 22 277
[12] Schimper H J, Kollonitsch Z, Moller K, Seidel U, Bloeck U, Schwarzburg K, Willing F, Hannappel T 2006 J. Cryst. Growth 287 642
[13] Dharmarasu N, Yamaguchi M, Khan A, Yamada T, Tanabe T, Takagishi S, Takamoto T, Ohshima T, Itoh H, Imaizumi M, Matsuda S 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 2399
[14] Luo S, Ji H M, Gao F, Yang X G, Liang P, Zhao L J, Yang T 2013 Chin. Phys. Lett. 30 068101
[15] Baillargeon J N, Cho A Y, Thiel F A, Fischer R J, Pearah P J, Cheng K Y 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 65 207
[16] Baillargeon J N, Cho A Y, Cheng K Y 1996 J. Appl. Phys. 79 7652
[17] Ji L, Lu S L, Wu Y Y, Dai P, Bian L F, Arimochi M, Watanabe T, Asaka N, Uemura M, Tackeuchi A, Uchida S, Yang H 2014 Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 27 1
[18] Yin M, Nash G R, Coomber S D, Buckle L, Carrington Krier J P A, Aandreev A, Przeslak J S B, Valicourt G, Smith S J, Emeny M T, Ashley T 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 93 121106
[19] Fouquet J E, Siegman A E 1985 Appl. Phys. Lett. 46 280
[20] Varshni Y P 1967 Physica 34 149
[21] Satzke K, Weiser G, Hoger R, Thulke W 1988 J. Appl. Phys. 63 5485
[22] Li C F, Lin D Y, Huang Y S, Chen Y F, Tiong K K 1997 J. Appl. Phys. 81 400
[23] Schwedler R, Reinhardt F, Grützmacher D, Wolter K 1991 J. Cryst. Growth 107 531
[24] Maksimov O, Guo S P, Muňoz M, Tamargo M C 2001 J. Appl. Phys. 90 5135
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