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Four kinds of unpoled lead zirconate titanate (PZT95/5) ferroelectric ceramics were fabricated in a range of different porosity levels by systematic additions of added pore formers. By using the non-contact digital image correlation (DIC) optical technique to measure the full-field strain, the response of unpoled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics to statically applied uniaxial stresses was investigated. The influences of porosities on the mechanical behavior, domain switching, and phase transformation of the porous unpoled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics were explored. All the measured stress versus strain curves for the tested porous unpoled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramic samples can be divided into three stages: the initial linear elastic region, the approximate plateau region, and the second linear elastic region, similar to the behavior of foam or honeycomb materials. However, the deformation mechanism of porous unpoled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics should be attributed to the domain switching and phase transformation processes, but not related to the collapse of voids. With the increase of porosity, the elastic modulus, fracture strength and fracture strain of the porous unpoled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics would decrease. Effect of dispersed voids does not improve plasticity of the porous unpoled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics, which is mainly attributed to no effect of the pores on the obstacle and proliferation of crack propagation during the axial splitting failure processes. Critical stresses of the domain switching and phase transformation decrease linearly with increasing porosity. The macroscopic critical volumetric strain needed for phase transformation is independent of the porosity in the unpoled PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramics.
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Keywords:
- unpoled Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 ferroelectric ceramic /
- porosity /
- mechanical behavior /
- phase transformation
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[18] Tuttle B A, Yang P, Gieske J H, Voigt J A, Scofield T W, Zeuch D H, Olson W R 2001 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84 1260
[19] Wang Z Z, Jiang Y X, Zhang P, Wang X Z, He H L 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. 31 077703
[20] Sutton M A, Orteu J J, Schreier HW 2009 Imgae Correlation for Shape, Motion, and Deformation Measurements p81(New York: Springer)
[21] Gibson L J, Ashby M F 1997 Cellular solids: structure and properties (Second Edition) p83(Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge)
[22] Li H J, Liu F, Wang T C 2008 Sci. China Ser. G-Phys. Mech. Astron. 51 1339
[23] Webber K G, Aulbach E A, Key T, Marsilius M, Granzow T, Rödel J 2009 Acta Mater. 57 4614
[24] Fang D L, Liu J X 2008 Fracture Mechanics of Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Solids p21( Beijing: Press of University of Tsinghua) (in Chinese) [方岱宁, 刘金喜 2008 压电与铁电体的断裂力学(北京: 清华大学出版社) 第21页]
[25] Demetriou M D, Launey M E, Garrett G 2011 Nature Mater. 10 123
[26] Wada T, Inoue A, and Greer A L 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 251907
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[1] Haertling G H 1999 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 82 797
[2] Wang Y L 2003 Properties and Application of Functional Ceramics(Beijing: Science Press) (in Chinese) [王永龄 2003 功能陶瓷性能与应用(北京: 科学出版社)]
[3] Zeuch D H, Montgomery S T and Holcomb D J 2000 J. Mater. Res. 15 689
[4] Zeuch D H, Montgomery S T and Holcomb D J 1999 J. Mater. Res. 14 1814
[5] Avdeev M, Jorgensen J D, Short S, Samara G A, Venturini E L, Yang P, Morosin B 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 064105
[6] Setchell R E 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 013507
[7] Setchell R E 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 573
[8] Shkuratov S I, Baird J, Antipov V G, Talantsev E F, Jo H R, Valadez J C, Lynch C S 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 212901
[9] Zhang F P, He H L, Liu G M, Liu Y S, Yu Y, Wang Y G 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 113 183501
[10] Zhang F P, Du J M, Liu Y S, Liu Y, Liu G M, He H L 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 057701 (in Chinese) [张福平, 杜金梅, 刘雨生, 刘艺, 刘高旻, 贺红亮 2011 60 057701]
[11] Du J M, Zhang Y, Zhang F P, He H L, Wang H Y 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2584 (in Chinese) [杜金梅, 张毅, 张福平, 贺红亮, 王海晏 2006 55 2584]
[12] Nie H C, Dong X L, Feng N B, Chen X F, Wang G S, Gu Y, He H L, Liu Y S 2011 Mater. Res. Bull. 46 1243
[13] Feng N B, Gu Y, Liu Y S, Nie H C, Chen X F, Wang G S, He H L, Dong X L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 8897 (in Chinese) [冯宁博, 谷岩, 刘雨生, 聂恒昌, 陈学锋, 王根水, 贺红亮, 董显林 2010 59 8897]
[14] Zeng T, Dong X L, He H L, Chen X F, Yao C H 2007 Phys. Stat. Sol. 204 1216
[15] Nie H C, Dong X L, Chen X F, Wang G S, He H L 2014 Mater. Res. Bull. 51 167
[16] Lan C H, Peng Y F, Long J D, Wang Q, Wang W D 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 088301
[17] Setchell R E 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 053525
[18] Tuttle B A, Yang P, Gieske J H, Voigt J A, Scofield T W, Zeuch D H, Olson W R 2001 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 84 1260
[19] Wang Z Z, Jiang Y X, Zhang P, Wang X Z, He H L 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. 31 077703
[20] Sutton M A, Orteu J J, Schreier HW 2009 Imgae Correlation for Shape, Motion, and Deformation Measurements p81(New York: Springer)
[21] Gibson L J, Ashby M F 1997 Cellular solids: structure and properties (Second Edition) p83(Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge)
[22] Li H J, Liu F, Wang T C 2008 Sci. China Ser. G-Phys. Mech. Astron. 51 1339
[23] Webber K G, Aulbach E A, Key T, Marsilius M, Granzow T, Rödel J 2009 Acta Mater. 57 4614
[24] Fang D L, Liu J X 2008 Fracture Mechanics of Piezoelectric and Ferroelectric Solids p21( Beijing: Press of University of Tsinghua) (in Chinese) [方岱宁, 刘金喜 2008 压电与铁电体的断裂力学(北京: 清华大学出版社) 第21页]
[25] Demetriou M D, Launey M E, Garrett G 2011 Nature Mater. 10 123
[26] Wada T, Inoue A, and Greer A L 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 251907
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