Progress in sol-gel autocombustion synthesis of metals and alloys

Zhang Xin-Wei; Hua Zheng-He; Jiang Yu-Wen; Yang Shao-Guang

doi:10.7498/aps.64.098101

Abstract

This paper is an overview of the progress of sol-gel autocombustion synthesis of metals and metal alloys. Sol-gel is a convenient method to synthesize a variety of oxides by mixing of different elements at an atomic level. Autocombustion synthesis is a self-sustaining process caused by the heat generated from its exothermic reaction. By combining these two methods, the sol-gel autocombustion method is introduced in the synthesis of metals and metal alloys. The experimental principle and technological route are introduced in detail in this review. By using metal nitrate, citric acid etc. as starting materials, the dried gels are prepared through sol-gel routine. Under the protection of inert gas, the autocombustion could be activated at low temperature in a tube furnace. After the autocombustion was activated, the gel burned violently, and a large amount of white gas was refleased. During heating the gel, mass spectrum shows that the H2, CO and CH4 areflevidently identified near the combustion temperature. They are well known reducing agents, which can be used in the redox reaction for synthesizing metals from oxides. Based on the data obtained from the TG-DTA and mass spectrum analysis, it is speculated that there are mainly five reactions appearing during the burning of the gel at high temperature: exothermic reaction between fuel and oxidant; metal oxide(s) formation by decomposition of the nitrate(s); generation of CH4, CO and H2 by the decomposition of CHx containing groups of complexing agent; exothermic reaction between CH4/CO/H2 and oxidant; the reduction of metals from their corresponding metal oxides by CH4 and H2 in nascent product. The application of this method to the synthesis of metals and metal alloys is shown by realized examples. This method shows many advantages in the synthesis of metals, such as simple apparatus, inexpensive raw materials, a relatively simple preparation process, and fine powder products with high homogeneity. Moreover, very low temperature is required to activate the reaction, and then the combustion can continue to take place without needing additional energy supply. This method has potential applications in experimental material reflearches.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Physics, Nanjing University, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
Funds: Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province, China (Grant No. BK2009245), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61176087).

References

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[37]	Jiang Y W, Yang S G, Hua Z H, Gong J F, Zhao X N 2011 Materials reflearch bulletin 46 2531
[38]	Ma E 2005 Progress in Materials Science 50 413
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[45]	Carn F, Saadaoui H, Masse P, Ravaine S, Julian-Lopez B, Sanchez C, Deleuze H, Talham D R, Backov R 2006 Langmuir 22 5469
[46]	Bao Z H, Ernst E M, Yoo S, Sandhage K H 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 474
[47]	Gao D Q, Yang G J, Zhu Z H, Zhang J, Yang Z L, Zhang Z P, Xue D S 2012 Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 9462
[48]	Fang X S, Ye C H, Zhang L D, Wang Y H, Wu Y C 2005 Advanced Functional Materials 15 63
[49]	Ye C H, Fang X S, Li G H, Zhang L D 2004 Applied Physics Letters 85 3035
[50]	Kim M R, Park S Y, Jang D J 2010 Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 6452
[51]	Li Y C, Ye M F, Yang C H, Li X H, Li Y F 2005 Advanced Functional Materials 15 433
[52]	Jiang Y W, Gong J F, Yang S H, Lan C Y, Yang S G 2012 Materials Research Innovations VOL 16 257
[53]	Jiang Y W, Lan C Y, Yang S H, Yang S G 2012 Materials Letters 89 269
[54]	Yang S G, Jiang Y W, Hua Z H, Huang H B 2009 CN Patent ZL2009 1 0030207 2
[55]	Warren S C, Perkins M R, Adams A M, Kamperman M, Burns A A, Arora H, Herz E, Suteewong T, Sai H, Li Z 2012 Nature Materials 11 460
[56]	Xu L Q, Huang H F, Tang S L, Chen L Y, Xie R, Xia W B, Wei J, Zhong W, Du Y W 2014 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 69 130
[57]	Xu L Q, Chen L Y, Huang H F, Xie R, Xia W B, Wei J, Zhong W, Tang S L, Du Y W 2014 Journal of Alloys and Compounds 593 93
[58]	Yang S H, Liu S J, Jiang Y W, Yang S G 2012 Materials Research Innovations 16 47
[59]	Shi L, Zeng C Y, Jin Y Z, Wang T J, Tsubaki N 2012 Catalysis Science & Technology 2 2569
[60]	Shi L, Yang R Q, Tao K, Yoneyama Y, Tan Y S, Tsubaki N 2012 Catalysis Today 185 54
[61]	Shi L, Jin Y Z, Xing C, Zeng C Y, Kawabata T, Imai K, Matsuda K, Tan Y S, Tsubaki N 2012 Applied Catalysis A: General 435-436 217
[62]	Pienluphon R, Shi L, Sun J, Niu W Q, Lu P, Zhu P F, Vitidsant T, Yoneyama Y, Chen Q J, Tsubaki N 2014 Catalysis Science & Technology 4 3099
[63]	Tao K, Zhou S H, Zhang Q J, Kong C L, Ma Q X, Tsubaki N Chen L 2013 RSC Advances 3 22285

Cited By

[1]	Shin S J, Kim Y H, Kim C W, Cha H G, Kim Y J, Kang Y S 2007 Current Applied Physics 7 404
[2]	Sun Y P, Li X Q, Cao J, Zhang W X, Wang H P 2006 Advances in Colloid and Interface Science 120 47
[3]	Inaba M, Awa M, Akiyoshi E, Otake Y 1986 Journal of Materials Science Letters 5 16
[4]	Gleiter H 1989 Progress in Materials Science 33 223
[5]	Hench L L, West j K 1990 Chemical Reviews 90 33
[6]	Lu Y F, Ganguli R, Drewien C A, Anderson M T, Brinker C J, Gong W L, Guo Y X, Soyez H, Dunn B, Huang M H, Zink J I 1997 Nature 389 6649
[7]	Lu Y, Yin Y D, Mayers B T, Xia Y N 2002 Nano Letters 2 183
[8]	Murata K, Aoki M, Suzuki T, Harada T, Kawabata H, Komori T, Ohseto F, Ueda K, Shinkai S 1994 Journal of the American Chemical Society 116 6664
[9]	Moore J J, Feng H J 1995 Progress in Materials Science 39 243
[10]	Kecskes L J, Niiler A 1989 Journal of the American Ceramic Society 72 655
[11]	Rice R W 1991 Journal of Materials Science 26 6533
[12]	Mukasyan A, Dinka P 2007 International Journal of Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis 16 23
[13]	Roy S, Dassharma A, Roy S N, Maiti H S 1993 Journal of Materials Research 8 2761
[14]	Chakrabarti N, Maiti H S 1997 Materials Letters 30 169
[15]	Sivakumar P, Ramesh R, Ramanand A, Ponnusamy S, Muthamizhchelvan C 2011 Materials Research Bulletin 46 2204
[16]	Ahlawat A, Sathe V G, Reddy V R, Gupta A 2011 Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 323 2049
[17]	Hou J G, Qu Y F, Ma W B, Shan D 2007 Journal of Materials Science 42 6787
[18]	Jiang Y W 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University) (in Chinese) [蒋毓文 2012 博士学位论文(南京: 南京大学)]
[19]	Rice R W 1991 Journal of Materials Science 26 6533
[20]	Wu K H, Ting T H, Li M C, Ho W D 2006 Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 298 25
[21]	Pathak L C, Singh T B, Das S, Verma A K, Ramachandrarao P 2002 Materials Letters 57 380
[22]	Pradeep A, Priyadharisini P, Chandrasekaran G 2008 Materials Chemistry and Physics 112 572
[23]	Yue Z X, Guo W Y, Zhou J, Gui Z L, Li L T 2004 Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 270 216
[24]	Srinivasan G, Seehra M 1984 Phys. Rev. B 29 6295
[25]	Jiang Y W, Yang S G, Hua Z H, Huang H B 2009 Angewandte Chemie 121 8681
[26]	Hua Z H, Deng Y, Li K N, Yang S G 2012 Nanoscale Research Letters 7 129
[27]	Deshpande K, Mukasyan A, Varma A, 2004 Chem. Mater., 16 4896
[28]	Hua Z H, Cao Z W, Deng Y, Jiang Y W, Yang S G 2011 Materials Chemistry and Physics 126 542
[29]	Denton A R, Ashcroft N W 1991 Physical Review A 43 3161
[30]	Li P Y, Jiang W, Li F S 2013 Chem. Lett. 42 816
[31]	Li P Y, Zhang P, Li F S, Jiang W, Cao Z H 2013 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 68 261
[32]	Li P Y, Jiang W, Li F S 2013 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 66 533
[33]	Li P Y, Syed X, Meng X K 2012 Journal of alloys and compounds 512 47
[34]	Li P Y, Cao Z H, Meng X K 2012 Dalton Trans 41 12101
[35]	Kumar A, Wolf E E, Mukasyan A S 2011 AIChE Journal 57 2207
[36]	Liu Q X, Wang C X, Zhang W, Wang G W 2003 Chemical Physics Letters 382 1
[37]	Jiang Y W, Yang S G, Hua Z H, Gong J F, Zhao X N 2011 Materials reflearch bulletin 46 2531
[38]	Ma E 2005 Progress in Materials Science 50 413
[39]	Murray J L 1984 Metallurgical Transactions a-Physical Metallurgy and Materials Science 15 261
[40]	Xu J, White T, Li P, He C H, Han Y F 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 13172
[41]	Kucheyev S O, Hayes J R, Biener J, Huser T, Talley C E, Hamza AV 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 89 053102
[42]	Biener J, Hodge A M, Hamza A V, Hsiung L M, Satcher J H 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 024301
[43]	Chandrappa G T, Steunou N, Livage J 2002 Nature 416 702
[44]	Arabatzis I M, Falara P 2003 Nano. Lett. 3 249
[45]	Carn F, Saadaoui H, Masse P, Ravaine S, Julian-Lopez B, Sanchez C, Deleuze H, Talham D R, Backov R 2006 Langmuir 22 5469
[46]	Bao Z H, Ernst E M, Yoo S, Sandhage K H 2009 Adv. Mater. 21 474
[47]	Gao D Q, Yang G J, Zhu Z H, Zhang J, Yang Z L, Zhang Z P, Xue D S 2012 Journal of Materials Chemistry 22 9462
[48]	Fang X S, Ye C H, Zhang L D, Wang Y H, Wu Y C 2005 Advanced Functional Materials 15 63
[49]	Ye C H, Fang X S, Li G H, Zhang L D 2004 Applied Physics Letters 85 3035
[50]	Kim M R, Park S Y, Jang D J 2010 Journal of Physical Chemistry C 114 6452
[51]	Li Y C, Ye M F, Yang C H, Li X H, Li Y F 2005 Advanced Functional Materials 15 433
[52]	Jiang Y W, Gong J F, Yang S H, Lan C Y, Yang S G 2012 Materials Research Innovations VOL 16 257
[53]	Jiang Y W, Lan C Y, Yang S H, Yang S G 2012 Materials Letters 89 269
[54]	Yang S G, Jiang Y W, Hua Z H, Huang H B 2009 CN Patent ZL2009 1 0030207 2
[55]	Warren S C, Perkins M R, Adams A M, Kamperman M, Burns A A, Arora H, Herz E, Suteewong T, Sai H, Li Z 2012 Nature Materials 11 460
[56]	Xu L Q, Huang H F, Tang S L, Chen L Y, Xie R, Xia W B, Wei J, Zhong W, Du Y W 2014 J. Sol-Gel Sci. Technol. 69 130
[57]	Xu L Q, Chen L Y, Huang H F, Xie R, Xia W B, Wei J, Zhong W, Tang S L, Du Y W 2014 Journal of Alloys and Compounds 593 93
[58]	Yang S H, Liu S J, Jiang Y W, Yang S G 2012 Materials Research Innovations 16 47
[59]	Shi L, Zeng C Y, Jin Y Z, Wang T J, Tsubaki N 2012 Catalysis Science & Technology 2 2569
[60]	Shi L, Yang R Q, Tao K, Yoneyama Y, Tan Y S, Tsubaki N 2012 Catalysis Today 185 54
[61]	Shi L, Jin Y Z, Xing C, Zeng C Y, Kawabata T, Imai K, Matsuda K, Tan Y S, Tsubaki N 2012 Applied Catalysis A: General 435-436 217
[62]	Pienluphon R, Shi L, Sun J, Niu W Q, Lu P, Zhu P F, Vitidsant T, Yoneyama Y, Chen Q J, Tsubaki N 2014 Catalysis Science & Technology 4 3099
[63]	Tao K, Zhou S H, Zhang Q J, Kong C L, Ma Q X, Tsubaki N Chen L 2013 RSC Advances 3 22285

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Vol. 64, Issue 9 - 2015-05-05

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