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The soft X-ray spectrograph is an important instrument for plasma diagnostics. As the core optical element of spectrograph, holographic flat-field grating is fabricated by aspheric wave-front recording optics, so grooves on the surface are curve. The curve grooves of the grating would affect the spectral image properties, thus influencing spectral resolutions. In the design of recording optics, only the groove density distribution on the surface in meridian line should be guaranteed, so optimized recording optics is not unique. Thus gratings with different curvatures of grooves but with expected groove density distribution could be obtained. For holographic flat-field gratings used in a 0.8-6 nm region, we analyze the influences of different curve grooves on the spectral image by ray tracing, and find that the almost straight grooves which are obtained by means of cylinder mirror can obtain the better spectral images. The theoretical results show that the spectral resolutions of grating with almost straight grooves are obviously improved compared with curve grooves, the theoretical spectral resolutions increase from 626 to 953 at 3 nm and from 635 to 1222 at 5 nm, respectively.
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Keywords:
- soft X-ray /
- flat-field grating /
- curve groove /
- spectral resolution
[1] Wu J, Yang J M, Ding Y K, Ding Y N, Wang Y M, Zhang W H, Zheng Z J, Yang X D 2002 High Power Laser Particle Beams 14 489 (in Chinese) [吴军, 杨家敏, 丁永坤, 丁耀南, 王跃梅, 张文海, 郑志坚, 杨向东 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 489]
[2] Yang J M, Ding Y N, Chen B, Zheng Z J, Yang G H, Zhang B H, Wang Y M, Zhang W H 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 411 (in Chinese) [杨家敏, 丁耀南, 陈波, 郑志坚, 杨国洪, 张保汉, 王耀梅, 张文海 2003 52 411]
[3] Xie X H, Liu Y Q, Fan P Z, Li R X 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 1826
[4] Yang J M, Ding Y N, Zheng Z J, Wang Y M, Zhang W H, Zhang J Y, Liu J Y, Shan B, Gao S C, Ren Y L, Liu X Q 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1427 (in Chinese) [杨家敏, 丁耀南, 郑志坚, 王耀梅, 张文海, 张继彦, 刘进元, 山冰, 高盛琛, 任有来, 刘秀琴 2003 52 1427]
[5] Kita T, Harada T, Nakano N, Kuroda H 1983 Appl. Opt. 22 512
[6] Koike M, Yamazaki T, Harada Y 1999 J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 101 913
[7] Imazono T, Ishino M, Koike M, Sasai H, Sano K 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 7054
[8] Imazono T, Koike M, Koeda M, Nagano T, Sasai H, Oue Y, Yonezawa Z, Kuramoto S, Terauchi M, Takahashi H, Handa N, Murano T 2012 21st In ternational Conference on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis Campinas, Brazil, September 5-9, 2011 p24
[9] Lou J, Xu X D, Liu Y, Hong Y L, Fu S J, He S P 2006 Opt. Precision Eng. 14 12 (in Chinese) [楼俊, 徐向东, 刘颖, 洪义麟, 付绍军, 何世平 2006 光学精密工程 14 12]
[10] Namioka T, Koike M 1995 Appl. Opt. 34 2180
[11] Harada T, Takahashi K, Sakuma H, Osyczka A 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 2743
[12] Noda H, Namioka T, Seya M 1974 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64 1037
[13] Dong Q L, Liu Y Q, Teng H, Li Y J, Zhang J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 065206
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[1] Wu J, Yang J M, Ding Y K, Ding Y N, Wang Y M, Zhang W H, Zheng Z J, Yang X D 2002 High Power Laser Particle Beams 14 489 (in Chinese) [吴军, 杨家敏, 丁永坤, 丁耀南, 王跃梅, 张文海, 郑志坚, 杨向东 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 489]
[2] Yang J M, Ding Y N, Chen B, Zheng Z J, Yang G H, Zhang B H, Wang Y M, Zhang W H 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 411 (in Chinese) [杨家敏, 丁耀南, 陈波, 郑志坚, 杨国洪, 张保汉, 王耀梅, 张文海 2003 52 411]
[3] Xie X H, Liu Y Q, Fan P Z, Li R X 2004 Chin. Phys. 13 1826
[4] Yang J M, Ding Y N, Zheng Z J, Wang Y M, Zhang W H, Zhang J Y, Liu J Y, Shan B, Gao S C, Ren Y L, Liu X Q 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1427 (in Chinese) [杨家敏, 丁耀南, 郑志坚, 王耀梅, 张文海, 张继彦, 刘进元, 山冰, 高盛琛, 任有来, 刘秀琴 2003 52 1427]
[5] Kita T, Harada T, Nakano N, Kuroda H 1983 Appl. Opt. 22 512
[6] Koike M, Yamazaki T, Harada Y 1999 J. Electron. Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. 101 913
[7] Imazono T, Ishino M, Koike M, Sasai H, Sano K 2007 Appl. Opt. 46 7054
[8] Imazono T, Koike M, Koeda M, Nagano T, Sasai H, Oue Y, Yonezawa Z, Kuramoto S, Terauchi M, Takahashi H, Handa N, Murano T 2012 21st In ternational Conference on X-Ray Optics and Microanalysis Campinas, Brazil, September 5-9, 2011 p24
[9] Lou J, Xu X D, Liu Y, Hong Y L, Fu S J, He S P 2006 Opt. Precision Eng. 14 12 (in Chinese) [楼俊, 徐向东, 刘颖, 洪义麟, 付绍军, 何世平 2006 光学精密工程 14 12]
[10] Namioka T, Koike M 1995 Appl. Opt. 34 2180
[11] Harada T, Takahashi K, Sakuma H, Osyczka A 1999 Appl. Opt. 38 2743
[12] Noda H, Namioka T, Seya M 1974 J. Opt. Soc. Am. 64 1037
[13] Dong Q L, Liu Y Q, Teng H, Li Y J, Zhang J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 065206
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