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We have made a low scattering holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) transmission grating with polymer scaffolding morphology, which was fabricated under the condition of low curing intensity and no liquid crystal droplet. We studied the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) thresholds and relative intensities of PM567(4, 4-difluoro-1, 3, 5, 7, 8-pentamethyl-2, 6-diethyl-4-bora-3a, 4a-diaza-s-indacene), DCM (4-Dicyanomethylene-2-methyl-6-p-dimethylaminostyryl-4H-pyran), and DCJTI(4-dicyanomethylene)-2-isopropyl-6-(1, 1, 7, 7-tetramethylzulolidyl-9-enyl)-4H-pyran). It is shown that the dye DCJTI has the best properties of ASE, the lowest threshold and the highest relative intensity among the three dyes. Results suggest that DCJIT is a promising material for low threshold, high slope efficiency lasers. Each dye was doped in HPDLC grating with polymer scaffolding morphology individually, and lasers with different wavelengths can be obtained by changing the period of the gratings. The excellent laser property is obtained from the DCJIT-doped laser. A spectral linewidth of 0.3 nm is observed at pump energy threshold 0.65 J/pulse and a conversion efficiency of 1.6% is achieved at the operating wavelength 635 nm. The laser performance is improved in some aspects such as threshold energy, conversion efficiency, and linewidth to some extent as compared with those reported previously.
[1] Date M, Takeuchi Y, Kato K 1998 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 2225
[2] Zheng Z G, Song J, Zhang L L, Liu Y G, Guo F Z, Ma J, Li W C, Deng S P, Xuan L 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3227
[3] Huang W B, Deng S P, Liu Y G, P eng Z H, Yao L S, Xuan L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 094208(in Chinese) [黄文彬, 邓舒鹏, 刘永刚, 彭增辉, 姚丽双, 宣丽 2012 61 094208]
[4] Li M S, Wu S T, Fuh AY-G Appl 2006 Phys. Lett. 88 091109
[5] Jakubiak R, Bunning T J, Vaia R A, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V P 2003 Adv. Mater. 15 241
[6] Jakubiak R, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V, He G S, Prasad P N, Bunning T J, Vaia R A 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 6095
[7] Hsiao VKS, Lu C, He G S, Pan M, Cartwright A N, Prasad P N 2005 Opt. Express. 13 3787
[8] Liu Y J, Sun X W, Elim H I, Ji W 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 011109
[9] Deng S P, Huang W B, Liu Y G, Diao Z H, P eng Z H, Yao L S, Xuan L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 126101(in Chinese) [邓舒鹏, 黄文彬, 刘永刚, 刁志辉, 彭增辉, 姚丽双, 宣丽 2012 61 126101]
[10] Huang W B, Diao Z H, Yao L S, Cao Z L, Liu Y G, Ma J, Xuan L 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 022702
[11] Ye C, Shi L, Wang J, Lo D, Zhu X G 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 4101
[12] Jakubiak R, Tondiglia V P, Natarajan L V, Sutherland R L, Lloyd P, Bunning T J, Vaia R A 2005 Adv. Mater. 17 2807
[13] Sutherland R L, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V P 1993 Chem. Mater. 5 1533
[14] Diao Z H, Huang W B, Deng S P, Liu Y G, P eng Z H, Yao L S, Xuan L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 034202(in Chinese) [刁志辉, 黄文彬, 邓舒鹏, 刘永刚, 彭增辉, 姚丽双, 宣丽 2013 62 034202]
[15] Sutherland R L 2002 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 19 2995
[16] Drevenšek-Olenik I, Fally M, Ellabban M A 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 021707
[17] Vardanyan K K, Qi J, Eakin J N, Sarkar M D, Crawford G P 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 4736
[18] McGehee M D, Heeger A J 2000 Adv. Mater. 12 1655
[19] Kevin P K, Colin B, Stephen L, Werner J B, Fryad Z H, Henning R, Steffen P, Annett T, Hartwig T, Hans-Heinrich H 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 6155
[20] Sarkar M D, Qi J, Crawford G P 2002 Polymer. 43 7335
[21] Huang W B, Liu Y G, Diao Z H, Yang C L, Yao L S, Ma J, Xuan L 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 4013
[22] Caputo R, Luca A D, Sio L D, Pezzi L, Strangi G, CUmeton, Veltri A, Asquini R, dAlessandro A, Donisi D, Beccherelli R, Sukhov A V, Tabiryan N V 2009 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11 024017
[23] Sutherland R L, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V P, J. Bunning T, Adams W W 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 1074
[24] Caputo R, Sio L D, Veltri A, Umeton C, Sukhov A V 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1261
[25] McGehee M D, Gupta R, Veenstra S, Miller E K, A. Diaz-Garc Ma, Heeger J 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 7035
[26] Tsutsumi N, Kawahira T, Sakai W 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2533
[27] Takahashi H, Naito H 2004 Thin Solid Films 477 53
[28] Kogelnik H, Shank C V 1972 J. Appl. Phys. 43 2327
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[1] Date M, Takeuchi Y, Kato K 1998 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 31 2225
[2] Zheng Z G, Song J, Zhang L L, Liu Y G, Guo F Z, Ma J, Li W C, Deng S P, Xuan L 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 3227
[3] Huang W B, Deng S P, Liu Y G, P eng Z H, Yao L S, Xuan L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 094208(in Chinese) [黄文彬, 邓舒鹏, 刘永刚, 彭增辉, 姚丽双, 宣丽 2012 61 094208]
[4] Li M S, Wu S T, Fuh AY-G Appl 2006 Phys. Lett. 88 091109
[5] Jakubiak R, Bunning T J, Vaia R A, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V P 2003 Adv. Mater. 15 241
[6] Jakubiak R, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V, He G S, Prasad P N, Bunning T J, Vaia R A 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 6095
[7] Hsiao VKS, Lu C, He G S, Pan M, Cartwright A N, Prasad P N 2005 Opt. Express. 13 3787
[8] Liu Y J, Sun X W, Elim H I, Ji W 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 011109
[9] Deng S P, Huang W B, Liu Y G, Diao Z H, P eng Z H, Yao L S, Xuan L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 126101(in Chinese) [邓舒鹏, 黄文彬, 刘永刚, 刁志辉, 彭增辉, 姚丽双, 宣丽 2012 61 126101]
[10] Huang W B, Diao Z H, Yao L S, Cao Z L, Liu Y G, Ma J, Xuan L 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 022702
[11] Ye C, Shi L, Wang J, Lo D, Zhu X G 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 4101
[12] Jakubiak R, Tondiglia V P, Natarajan L V, Sutherland R L, Lloyd P, Bunning T J, Vaia R A 2005 Adv. Mater. 17 2807
[13] Sutherland R L, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V P 1993 Chem. Mater. 5 1533
[14] Diao Z H, Huang W B, Deng S P, Liu Y G, P eng Z H, Yao L S, Xuan L 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 034202(in Chinese) [刁志辉, 黄文彬, 邓舒鹏, 刘永刚, 彭增辉, 姚丽双, 宣丽 2013 62 034202]
[15] Sutherland R L 2002 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B. 19 2995
[16] Drevenšek-Olenik I, Fally M, Ellabban M A 2006 Phys. Rev. E 74 021707
[17] Vardanyan K K, Qi J, Eakin J N, Sarkar M D, Crawford G P 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 81 4736
[18] McGehee M D, Heeger A J 2000 Adv. Mater. 12 1655
[19] Kevin P K, Colin B, Stephen L, Werner J B, Fryad Z H, Henning R, Steffen P, Annett T, Hartwig T, Hans-Heinrich H 1999 J. Appl. Phys. 86 6155
[20] Sarkar M D, Qi J, Crawford G P 2002 Polymer. 43 7335
[21] Huang W B, Liu Y G, Diao Z H, Yang C L, Yao L S, Ma J, Xuan L 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 4013
[22] Caputo R, Luca A D, Sio L D, Pezzi L, Strangi G, CUmeton, Veltri A, Asquini R, dAlessandro A, Donisi D, Beccherelli R, Sukhov A V, Tabiryan N V 2009 J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11 024017
[23] Sutherland R L, Natarajan L V, Tondiglia V P, J. Bunning T, Adams W W 1994 Appl. Phys. Lett. 64 1074
[24] Caputo R, Sio L D, Veltri A, Umeton C, Sukhov A V 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1261
[25] McGehee M D, Gupta R, Veenstra S, Miller E K, A. Diaz-Garc Ma, Heeger J 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 7035
[26] Tsutsumi N, Kawahira T, Sakai W 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 83 2533
[27] Takahashi H, Naito H 2004 Thin Solid Films 477 53
[28] Kogelnik H, Shank C V 1972 J. Appl. Phys. 43 2327
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