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Determination of the aircraft lightning attachment points which can provide the basis for the design of aircraft lightning protection, is a prerequisite for the division of lightning strike zones and the lightning test of aircraft components. In this paper, a novel numerical simulation method based on fractal theory is presented to simulate lightning attachment points on airplane. Firstly, the discharge gap distance, lightning starting coordinates, aircraft attitudes, discharge times and other parameters are determined according to the relevant provisions about aircraft lightning attachment point test in standard SAE-ARP5416. Then, according to the fractal theory, the dielectric breakdown model is used to simulate the fractal growth of the lightning leaders, which accords with physical mechanisms and geometric characteristics of nature lightning. Finally, considering the case where the aircraft itself triggers the bi-directional leader, we obtain the distribution of aircraft lightning attachment points. Because the probability distribution of lightning attachment points on aircraft F-4 obtained through the simulating is almost in line with those obtained through actual aircraft flight test and laboratory test, the proposed method is verified. The proposed method provides a potential way of simulating the lightning attachment points on aircraft. And this method can be used as the foundation of the aircraft lightning protection design and future related research work.
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Keywords:
- attachment point /
- lightning strike /
- fractal theory /
- leader progression model
[1] Fisher B, Taeuber R, Crouch K 1988 AIAA 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting Reno, USA, January 11–14, 1988
[2] Jones C, Rowse D, Odam G 2001 Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity Seattle, USA, Septemder 10–14, 2001
[3] Fisher B D, Brown P W, Plumer J A 1986 Proceedings of 11th International Aero space and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity Dayton, Ohio, USA, June 24–26, 1986
[4] Stahmann J R 1968 Proceedings of Lightning and Static Electricity Conference Miami, USA, December 3–5, 1968, p135
[5] MIL-STD-464A 2002 Electromagnetic Environment Effects Requirements for Systems (USA: Department of Defense Interface Standard)
[6] HB6129 1987 Aircraft Lightning Protection Requirements and Test Methods (Beijing: Ministry of Ariation Industry of the PRC) (in Chinese) [HB6129 1987 飞机雷电防护要求及试验方法 (北京: 中华人民共和国航空工业部)]
[7] GJB2639 1996 Military Aircraft Lightning Protection (Beijing: The Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for Natiand Defense of the PRC) (in Chinese) [GJB2639 1996 军用飞机雷电防护(北京: 中华人民共和国国防科学技术工业委员会)]
[8] SAE-ARP5416 2005 Aircraft Lighting Test Methods (USA: Society of Automotive Engineers International)
[9] Jones C C R 1989 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Statis Electricity Bath, UK, September 25–28, 1989
[10] Lalande P, Bondiou-Clergerie A, Laroche P 1999 Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity Toulouse, France, June 22–24, 1999 p249
[11] Song S, Gao C, Guo Y C, Yang Q, Zhou B H 2011 Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE) 2011 Second International Conference on. IEEE, Imer Mongolia, China, July 15–17, 2011 p4428
[12] Zhao Y L, Liu G B, Yu Z Y 2012 Journal of Microwaves 28 39 (in Chinese) [赵玉龙, 刘光斌, 余志勇 2012 微波学报 28 39]
[13] Wang C X, Qie X S, Jiang R B, Yang J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 039203 (in Chinese) [王彩霞, 郄秀书, 蒋如斌, 杨静 2012 61 039203]
[14] Feng G L, Qie X S, Zhao Y, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [冯桂力, 郄秀书, 赵阳, 孔祥贞, 张广庶, 张彤, 杨静, 张其林, 王东方 2009 58 6616]
[15] Wang C W, Liu X S, Zhang Y J, Xiao Q F 2000 Physics 29 536 (in Chinese) [王才伟, 刘欣生, 张义军, 肖庆复 2000 物理 29 536]
[16] Zhang Z, Lu X, Liang W X, Hao Z Q, Zhou M L, Wang Z H, Zhang J 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1136
[17] Petrov N I, Petrova G N, D’Alessandro F 2003 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insulat. 10 641
[18] Fu J, Sima W X, Li J B, Yang Q, Sun C X 2009 High Voltage Engineering 35 1274 (in Chinese) [伏进, 司马文霞, 李建标, 杨庆, 孙才新 2009 高电压技术 35 1274]
[19] He J L, Dong L, Zhang X W, Zeng R 2010 High Voltage Engineering 36 1333 (in Chinese) [何金良, 董林, 张薛巍, 曾嵘 2010 高电压技术 36 1333]
[20] He J L, Zhang X W, Dong L, Zeng R, Liu Z H 2009 Sci. China. E: Tech. 39 1818 (in Chinese) [何金良, 张薛巍, 董林, 曾嵘, 刘泽洪 2009 中国科学 E辑: 技术科学 39 1818]
[21] Huo Y L, Zhang G S, L S H, Yuan P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 059201 (in Chinese) [火元莲, 张广庶, 吕世华, 袁萍 2013 62 059201]
[22] Chifford D W 1975 Proceedings of Lightning and Static Electricity Conference Culham, England, April 14–18, 1975
[23] Wen H, Wang H 2011 High Voltage Apparatus 47 104 (in Chinese) [温浩, 王宏 2011 高压电器 47 104]
[24] Niemeyer L, Pietronero L, Wisemann H J 1984 Phys. Rev. Lett. 52 1033
[25] Wiesmann H J, Zeller H R 1986 J. Appl. Phys. 60 1770
[26] Wan H J, Wei G H, Chen Y Z, Chen Q 2012 J. Hebei Normal Univ. (Natural Science Edition) 36 263 (in Chinese) [万浩江, 魏光辉, 陈亚洲, 陈强 2012 河北师范大学学报 (自然科学版) 36 263]
[27] Kawasaki Z, Matsuura K 2000 Appl. Energy 67 147
[28] Lalande P, Delannoy A 2012 Aerospace Lab. 5 8
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[1] Fisher B, Taeuber R, Crouch K 1988 AIAA 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting Reno, USA, January 11–14, 1988
[2] Jones C, Rowse D, Odam G 2001 Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity Seattle, USA, Septemder 10–14, 2001
[3] Fisher B D, Brown P W, Plumer J A 1986 Proceedings of 11th International Aero space and Ground Conference on Lightning and Static Electricity Dayton, Ohio, USA, June 24–26, 1986
[4] Stahmann J R 1968 Proceedings of Lightning and Static Electricity Conference Miami, USA, December 3–5, 1968, p135
[5] MIL-STD-464A 2002 Electromagnetic Environment Effects Requirements for Systems (USA: Department of Defense Interface Standard)
[6] HB6129 1987 Aircraft Lightning Protection Requirements and Test Methods (Beijing: Ministry of Ariation Industry of the PRC) (in Chinese) [HB6129 1987 飞机雷电防护要求及试验方法 (北京: 中华人民共和国航空工业部)]
[7] GJB2639 1996 Military Aircraft Lightning Protection (Beijing: The Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for Natiand Defense of the PRC) (in Chinese) [GJB2639 1996 军用飞机雷电防护(北京: 中华人民共和国国防科学技术工业委员会)]
[8] SAE-ARP5416 2005 Aircraft Lighting Test Methods (USA: Society of Automotive Engineers International)
[9] Jones C C R 1989 International Aerospace and Ground Conference on Lightning and Statis Electricity Bath, UK, September 25–28, 1989
[10] Lalande P, Bondiou-Clergerie A, Laroche P 1999 Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity Toulouse, France, June 22–24, 1999 p249
[11] Song S, Gao C, Guo Y C, Yang Q, Zhou B H 2011 Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE) 2011 Second International Conference on. IEEE, Imer Mongolia, China, July 15–17, 2011 p4428
[12] Zhao Y L, Liu G B, Yu Z Y 2012 Journal of Microwaves 28 39 (in Chinese) [赵玉龙, 刘光斌, 余志勇 2012 微波学报 28 39]
[13] Wang C X, Qie X S, Jiang R B, Yang J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 039203 (in Chinese) [王彩霞, 郄秀书, 蒋如斌, 杨静 2012 61 039203]
[14] Feng G L, Qie X S, Zhao Y, Kong X Z, Zhang G S, Zhang T, Yang J, Zhang Q L, Wang D F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6616 (in Chinese) [冯桂力, 郄秀书, 赵阳, 孔祥贞, 张广庶, 张彤, 杨静, 张其林, 王东方 2009 58 6616]
[15] Wang C W, Liu X S, Zhang Y J, Xiao Q F 2000 Physics 29 536 (in Chinese) [王才伟, 刘欣生, 张义军, 肖庆复 2000 物理 29 536]
[16] Zhang Z, Lu X, Liang W X, Hao Z Q, Zhou M L, Wang Z H, Zhang J 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1136
[17] Petrov N I, Petrova G N, D’Alessandro F 2003 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insulat. 10 641
[18] Fu J, Sima W X, Li J B, Yang Q, Sun C X 2009 High Voltage Engineering 35 1274 (in Chinese) [伏进, 司马文霞, 李建标, 杨庆, 孙才新 2009 高电压技术 35 1274]
[19] He J L, Dong L, Zhang X W, Zeng R 2010 High Voltage Engineering 36 1333 (in Chinese) [何金良, 董林, 张薛巍, 曾嵘 2010 高电压技术 36 1333]
[20] He J L, Zhang X W, Dong L, Zeng R, Liu Z H 2009 Sci. China. E: Tech. 39 1818 (in Chinese) [何金良, 张薛巍, 董林, 曾嵘, 刘泽洪 2009 中国科学 E辑: 技术科学 39 1818]
[21] Huo Y L, Zhang G S, L S H, Yuan P 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 059201 (in Chinese) [火元莲, 张广庶, 吕世华, 袁萍 2013 62 059201]
[22] Chifford D W 1975 Proceedings of Lightning and Static Electricity Conference Culham, England, April 14–18, 1975
[23] Wen H, Wang H 2011 High Voltage Apparatus 47 104 (in Chinese) [温浩, 王宏 2011 高压电器 47 104]
[24] Niemeyer L, Pietronero L, Wisemann H J 1984 Phys. Rev. Lett. 52 1033
[25] Wiesmann H J, Zeller H R 1986 J. Appl. Phys. 60 1770
[26] Wan H J, Wei G H, Chen Y Z, Chen Q 2012 J. Hebei Normal Univ. (Natural Science Edition) 36 263 (in Chinese) [万浩江, 魏光辉, 陈亚洲, 陈强 2012 河北师范大学学报 (自然科学版) 36 263]
[27] Kawasaki Z, Matsuura K 2000 Appl. Energy 67 147
[28] Lalande P, Delannoy A 2012 Aerospace Lab. 5 8
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