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The C-W co-deposition layer prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering was investigated to identify the characteristic of the C-W mixed layers in fusion experimental reactors. Layers were characterized by ion beam analysis (IBA), Raman spectra (RS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that D atoms in C-W layers are mainly trapped by the trapping site of C atoms, only a few of them are arrested by W atoms or defects. D concentration in the C-W layers deposited at 5.0Pa with a fixed flow rate ratio QD2/QAr=2.5 was lower than 10% and decreased slightly with increasing temperature. D concentration increased with the gas pressure from zero to 5 Pa and then decreased from 5 Pa to 10 Pa. RS revealed that the crystal structure of the C-W layers became graphite-like with increasing temperature. SEM images showed that the caves disappeared and convex bodies were dotted on the surfaces as the temperature increased.
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Keywords:
- D retention /
- carbon-tungsten co-deposition /
- magnetron sputtering
[1] Federici G, Skinner C H, Brooks J N, Coad J P, Grisolia C, Haasz A A, Hassanein A, Philipps V, Pitcher C S, Roth J, Wampler W R, Whyte D G 2001 Nucl. Fusion 41 1967
[2] Loarte A, Becoulet M, Saibene1 G, Sartori1 R, Campbell D J, Eich T, Herrmann A, Laux M, Suttrop W, Alper B, Lomas P J, Matthews G, Jachmich S, Ongena J, Innocente P 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 1815
[3] Sugiyama K, Krieger K, Lungn C P, Roth J 2009 J. Nucl. Mater. 390-391 659
[4] Andrew P, Coad J P, Ehrenberg J, Goodall D H J, Horton L D, Jarvis O N, Lomas P J, Loughlin M J, Mccracken G M, Peacock A T, Pick M A, Saibene G, Sartori R, Thomas P R 1993 Nucl. Fusion 33 1389
[5] Skinner C H, Blanchard W, Brooks J N 1998 20th Symp. on Fusion Technology Marseille, Sept. 1-11, 1998 p153
[6] Mueller D, Blanchard W, Collins J, Hosea J, Kamperschroer J, LaMarche P H, Nagy A, Owens D K, Skinner C H 1997 J. Nucl. Mater. 241-243 897
[7] Andrew P, Brennan D, Coad J P, Ehrenberg J, Gadeberg M, Gibson A, Hillis D L, How J, Jarvis O N, Jensen H, Lasser R, Marcus F, Monk R, Morgan P, Orchard J, Peacock A, Pearce R, Pick M, Rossi A, Schild P, Schunke B, Stork D 1999 Fusion Eng. Des. 47 233
[8] Causey R A, Brooks J N, Federici G 2002 Fusion Eng. Des. 61-62 525
[9] Jacob W, Moller W 1993 Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 1771
[10] Causey R A, Venhaus T J 2001 Phys. Scr. 94 9
[11] Schiettekatte F, Ross G G 1996 AIP Conf. Proc. Denton, Texas, USA, Nov. 6-9, 1996 p711
[12] Mayer M 1998 AIP Conf. Proc. Denton, Texas, USA, Nov. 4-7, 1998 p541
[13] Ziegler J F, Briersack J P, Ziegler M D 2012 SRIM-The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM company) p127
[14] Frodelius J, Eklund P, Beckers M, Persson P O A, Hogberg H, Hultman L 2010 Thin Solid Films 518 1621
[15] Niwase K, Tanabe T 1993 Mater. T. JIM 34 1111
[16] Ferrai A C, Robertson J 1999 Phys. Rev. B 61 14095
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[1] Federici G, Skinner C H, Brooks J N, Coad J P, Grisolia C, Haasz A A, Hassanein A, Philipps V, Pitcher C S, Roth J, Wampler W R, Whyte D G 2001 Nucl. Fusion 41 1967
[2] Loarte A, Becoulet M, Saibene1 G, Sartori1 R, Campbell D J, Eich T, Herrmann A, Laux M, Suttrop W, Alper B, Lomas P J, Matthews G, Jachmich S, Ongena J, Innocente P 2002 Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 44 1815
[3] Sugiyama K, Krieger K, Lungn C P, Roth J 2009 J. Nucl. Mater. 390-391 659
[4] Andrew P, Coad J P, Ehrenberg J, Goodall D H J, Horton L D, Jarvis O N, Lomas P J, Loughlin M J, Mccracken G M, Peacock A T, Pick M A, Saibene G, Sartori R, Thomas P R 1993 Nucl. Fusion 33 1389
[5] Skinner C H, Blanchard W, Brooks J N 1998 20th Symp. on Fusion Technology Marseille, Sept. 1-11, 1998 p153
[6] Mueller D, Blanchard W, Collins J, Hosea J, Kamperschroer J, LaMarche P H, Nagy A, Owens D K, Skinner C H 1997 J. Nucl. Mater. 241-243 897
[7] Andrew P, Brennan D, Coad J P, Ehrenberg J, Gadeberg M, Gibson A, Hillis D L, How J, Jarvis O N, Jensen H, Lasser R, Marcus F, Monk R, Morgan P, Orchard J, Peacock A, Pearce R, Pick M, Rossi A, Schild P, Schunke B, Stork D 1999 Fusion Eng. Des. 47 233
[8] Causey R A, Brooks J N, Federici G 2002 Fusion Eng. Des. 61-62 525
[9] Jacob W, Moller W 1993 Appl. Phys. Lett. 63 1771
[10] Causey R A, Venhaus T J 2001 Phys. Scr. 94 9
[11] Schiettekatte F, Ross G G 1996 AIP Conf. Proc. Denton, Texas, USA, Nov. 6-9, 1996 p711
[12] Mayer M 1998 AIP Conf. Proc. Denton, Texas, USA, Nov. 4-7, 1998 p541
[13] Ziegler J F, Briersack J P, Ziegler M D 2012 SRIM-The Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM company) p127
[14] Frodelius J, Eklund P, Beckers M, Persson P O A, Hogberg H, Hultman L 2010 Thin Solid Films 518 1621
[15] Niwase K, Tanabe T 1993 Mater. T. JIM 34 1111
[16] Ferrai A C, Robertson J 1999 Phys. Rev. B 61 14095
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