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The MnO nanoparticles with uniform size (～15 nm) and shape have been synthesized in an inert atmosphers by high-temperature oil phase method. XRD patterns and HRTEM reveals that the as-synthesized MnO nanoparticles are of pure crystalline phase. TEM image shows that the MnO nanoparticles are in spherical shape with a narrow size distribution. Both oil phase and the nanoparticles protected with inert gas in the synthesis process can avoid the oxidization of Mn2+. The obvious exchange bias effect can be observed from the M-H loop of MnO nanoparticles under zero field cooling (ZFC) and FC measurements. Furthermore, the temperature-dependent AC susceptibility of the MnO nanoparticles reveals that the exchange bias effect originates from the antiferromagnetic MnO core and the spin-glass surface, rather than the superparamagnetic phase.
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Keywords:
- nanoparticles /
- MnO /
- exchange bias /
- spin glass
[1] Sun S, Murray C B, Weller D, Folks L, Moser A 2000 Science 287 1989
[2] Sahoo S, Petracic O, Kleemann W, Stappert S, Dumpich G, Nordblad P, Cardoso, Freitas P 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 4116
[3] Yang H T, Hasegawa D, Takahashi M, Ogawa T 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 013103
[4] Brannon-Peppas L, Blanchette J O 2004 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 1649
[5] Gu H, Xu K, Xu C, Xu B 2006 Chem. Commun. 9 941
[6] Meiklejohn W H, Bean C P 1956 Phys. Rev. 102 1413
[7] Meiklejohn W H, Bean C P 1957 Phys. Rev. 105 904
[8] Skumryev V, Stoyanov S, Zhang Y, Hadjipanayis G, Givord D, Nogués J 2003 Nature (London) 423 850
[9] Salazar-Alvarez G, Sort J, Suriñach S, Dolors Baro M, Nogués J 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 9102
[10] Berkowitz A E, Rodriguez G F, Hong J I, An K, Hyeon T, Agarwal N, Smith D J, Fullerton E F 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 024403
[11] López-Ortega A, Tobia D, Winkler E, Golosovsky I V, Salazar-Alvarez G, Estradé S, Estrader M, Sort J M, González A, Suriñach S, Arbiol J, Peiró F, Zysler R D, Baró M D, Nogués J 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 9398
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[14] Tang Y K, Sun Y, Cheng Z H 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 012409
[15] Tang Y K, Sun Y, Cheng Z H 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 174419
[16] Zhang X K, Tang S L, Li Y L, Du Y W 2010 Phys. Lett. A 374 2175
[17] He L 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 123915
[18] Mulder C A M, Vanduyneveldt A J, Mydosh J A 1981 Phys. Rev. B 23 1384
[19] Mydosh J A 1993 Spin Glasses: An Experimental Introduction (Taylor & Francis, London)
[20] Chu H F, Li J, Li S, Li S L, Wang J, Gao Y L, Deng H, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wu Y L, Zheng D N 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 6585 (in Chinese) [储海峰, 李洁, 李绍, 黎松林, 王佳, 高艳丽, 邓辉, 王宁, 张玉, 吴玉林, 郑东宁 2010 59 6585]
[21] Kodama R H, Makhlouf S A, Berkowitz A E 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 1393
[22] Liu N, Yan G Q, Mao Q, Wang G Y, Guo H Y 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 5759 (in Chinese) [刘宁, 严国清, 毛强, 王桂英, 郭焕银 2010 59 5759]
[23] Ganguly S, Kabir M, Sanyal B, Mookerjee A 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 020411
[24] Duan H N, Yuan S L, Zheng X F, Tian Z M 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 078101
[25] Dai S Y, Shen B G, Wang Z Q 1986 Acta. Phys. Sin. 35 657 (in Chinese) [戴守愚, 沈保根, 王忠铨 1986 35 657]
[26] Zhang K C, Song P Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 097105
[27] Zhang F C, Chen W R, Gong W Z, Xu B, Qiu X G, Zhao B R 2004 Chin. Phys. B 13 783
[28] Wu B M, Auloos M, Du Y L, Zheng W H, Li B, Fagnard J F, Vanderbemden P 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 686
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[1] Sun S, Murray C B, Weller D, Folks L, Moser A 2000 Science 287 1989
[2] Sahoo S, Petracic O, Kleemann W, Stappert S, Dumpich G, Nordblad P, Cardoso, Freitas P 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett. 82 4116
[3] Yang H T, Hasegawa D, Takahashi M, Ogawa T 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 013103
[4] Brannon-Peppas L, Blanchette J O 2004 Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 56 1649
[5] Gu H, Xu K, Xu C, Xu B 2006 Chem. Commun. 9 941
[6] Meiklejohn W H, Bean C P 1956 Phys. Rev. 102 1413
[7] Meiklejohn W H, Bean C P 1957 Phys. Rev. 105 904
[8] Skumryev V, Stoyanov S, Zhang Y, Hadjipanayis G, Givord D, Nogués J 2003 Nature (London) 423 850
[9] Salazar-Alvarez G, Sort J, Suriñach S, Dolors Baro M, Nogués J 2007 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 129 9102
[10] Berkowitz A E, Rodriguez G F, Hong J I, An K, Hyeon T, Agarwal N, Smith D J, Fullerton E F 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 024403
[11] López-Ortega A, Tobia D, Winkler E, Golosovsky I V, Salazar-Alvarez G, Estradé S, Estrader M, Sort J M, González A, Suriñach S, Arbiol J, Peiró F, Zysler R D, Baró M D, Nogués J 2010 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 132 9398
[12] Schladt T D, Graf T, Tremel W 2009 Chem. Mater. 21 3183
[13] Golosovsky I V, Salazar-Alvarez G, Lpez-Ortega A, González M A, Sort J, Estrader M, Suriñach S, Bar M D, Nogués J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 247201
[14] Tang Y K, Sun Y, Cheng Z H 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 012409
[15] Tang Y K, Sun Y, Cheng Z H 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 174419
[16] Zhang X K, Tang S L, Li Y L, Du Y W 2010 Phys. Lett. A 374 2175
[17] He L 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 123915
[18] Mulder C A M, Vanduyneveldt A J, Mydosh J A 1981 Phys. Rev. B 23 1384
[19] Mydosh J A 1993 Spin Glasses: An Experimental Introduction (Taylor & Francis, London)
[20] Chu H F, Li J, Li S, Li S L, Wang J, Gao Y L, Deng H, Wang N, Zhang Y, Wu Y L, Zheng D N 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 6585 (in Chinese) [储海峰, 李洁, 李绍, 黎松林, 王佳, 高艳丽, 邓辉, 王宁, 张玉, 吴玉林, 郑东宁 2010 59 6585]
[21] Kodama R H, Makhlouf S A, Berkowitz A E 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 1393
[22] Liu N, Yan G Q, Mao Q, Wang G Y, Guo H Y 2010 Acta. Phys. Sin. 59 5759 (in Chinese) [刘宁, 严国清, 毛强, 王桂英, 郭焕银 2010 59 5759]
[23] Ganguly S, Kabir M, Sanyal B, Mookerjee A 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 020411
[24] Duan H N, Yuan S L, Zheng X F, Tian Z M 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 078101
[25] Dai S Y, Shen B G, Wang Z Q 1986 Acta. Phys. Sin. 35 657 (in Chinese) [戴守愚, 沈保根, 王忠铨 1986 35 657]
[26] Zhang K C, Song P Y 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 097105
[27] Zhang F C, Chen W R, Gong W Z, Xu B, Qiu X G, Zhao B R 2004 Chin. Phys. B 13 783
[28] Wu B M, Auloos M, Du Y L, Zheng W H, Li B, Fagnard J F, Vanderbemden P 2005 Chin. Phys. Lett. 22 686
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