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Ocean surface wind vector retrieval research on airborne fully polarimetric SAR (synthetic aperture radar) is of great significance for wind vector sounding under complex weather conditions near the coast. Starting from polarization scattering theory, we designed an ocean surface wind vector retrieval scheme for fully polarimetric SAR, by analyzing the relationship between fully polarimetric SAR sounding data and ocean surface wind vector. According to the high mobility and fully polarimetric two sounding characteristics of airborne SAR, firstly, we presented an ocean surface wind vector retrieval method based on maximum likelihood estimates for VV-polarized sounding data, and designed the flight experiment scheme. Secondly, we proposed an ocean surface wind vector retrieval method for VH-polarized sounding data, retrieved wind speed by VH-polarized ocean surface scattering model from optimum fitting with constraints, and calculated wind direction by CMOD5 geophysical model function. Using typhoon ''Haikui'' edge sounding data from airborne fully polarimetric SAR, we carried out the ocean surface wind vector retrieval experimental research. Results show that two wind vector retrieval methods can retrieve ocean surface wind vector under complex weather conditions without auxiliary information. Wind direction and wind speed retrieval root mean square errors of the former are 18.0°, 1.8 m/s, wind direction and wind speed retrieval root mean square errors of the latter are 9.3°, 1.2 m/s, and the accuracy of the latter is better than that of the former. The VH-polarized normalized radar cross section is more suitable for ocean surface wind vector retrieval under complex weather conditions, because it is independent of wind direction and radar incidence angle but has a linear relationship with respect to wind speed.
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Keywords:
- airborne fully polarimetric SAR /
- ocean surface wind vector /
- theoretical research /
- experimental verification
[1] He Y J, Perrie W, Zou Q P, Vachon P W 2005 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 43 1453
[2] Portabella M, Stoffelen A, Johannessen J A 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 3086
[3] Martine S 2004 An introduction to ocean remote sensing (1st Ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 201-207
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[5] Stoffelen A, Anderson D 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 5767
[6] Hersbach H, Stoffelen A, Haan S D 2007 J. Geophys. Res. 112 C03006
[7] Vachon P W, Dobson F W 1996 The Global Atmosphere and Ocean System 5 177
[8] Yang J S, Huang W G, Zhou C B 2001 J. Remote Sens. 5 13 (in Chinese) [杨劲松, 黄韦艮, 周长宝 2001 遥感学报 5 13]
[9] Wolfgang K 2004 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 42 702
[10] Zhu H B, Wen B Y, Huang J 2005 J. Wuhan Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 51 375 (in Chinese) [朱华波, 文必洋, 黄坚 2005 武汉大学学报(理学版) 51 375]
[11] Zhang R W, Yan W, Ai W H, Ma S 2011 J. Mircowaves 27 79 (in Chinese) [张日伟, 严卫, 艾未华, 马烁 2011 微波学报 27 79]
[12] Gladeston C L, Daniela M U, Fátima N S 2010 Sensors 10 5994
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[15] Li X, Zheng W, Yang X, Li Z, Pichel W G 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 C02014
[16] Yang X, Li X, Pichel W G, Li Z 2011 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 49 4743
[17] Levy G, Brown R A 1998 Detecting planetary boundary layer rolls from SAR. Remote Sensing of the Pacific Ocean from Satellites, Brown R A, Ed., 128-134
[18] Vachon P W, Wolfe J 2011 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Letters 8 456
[19] Zhang B, Perrie W 2012 American Meteorological Society 93 531
[20] Zhang B, Perrie W, Vachon P W, Li X F Pichel W G, Guo J, He Y J 2012 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 50 4252
[21] Hwang P A, Zhang B A, Toporkov J V, Perrie W 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 C08019
[22] Chen X 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [陈曦 2008 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院遥感应用研究所)]
[23] Jin Y Q, Xu F 2008 Theory and Approach for Polarimetric Scattering and Information Retrieval of SAR Remote Sensing (1st Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p3 (in Chinese) [金亚秋, 徐丰 2008 极化散射与SAR遥感信息理论与方法 (第1版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第3页]
[24] Jochen H, Wolfgang K 2005 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 30 508
[25] Bergeron T, Bernier M, Chokmani K, Lessard-Fontaine A, Lafrance G, Beaucage P 2011 IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 4 896
[26] Mouche A A, Hauser D, Daloze J F, Guérin C 2005 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 43 753
[27] Zhang B, Perrie W, He Y J 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116, C08008
[28] Stoffelen A, Redańo A 2002 Wind Field Retrieval from Satellite Radar Systems (1st Ed.) (Amsterdam: Ponsen & Looijen BV) 29-58
[29] Zhao X B, Kong Y, Yan W, Ai W H, Liu W J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 148404 (in Chinese) [赵现斌, 孔毅, 严卫, 艾未华, 刘文俊 2012 61 148404]
[30] Ge Y, Wang J F 2000 Geo-Information Science 2 28 (in Chinese) [葛咏, 王劲峰 2000 地球信息科学 2 28]
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[1] He Y J, Perrie W, Zou Q P, Vachon P W 2005 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 43 1453
[2] Portabella M, Stoffelen A, Johannessen J A 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 3086
[3] Martine S 2004 An introduction to ocean remote sensing (1st Ed.) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 201-207
[4] Quilfen Y, Chapron B, Elfouhaily T M, Katsaros K, Tournadre J 1998 J. Geophys. Res. 103 7767
[5] Stoffelen A, Anderson D 1997 J. Geophys. Res. 102 5767
[6] Hersbach H, Stoffelen A, Haan S D 2007 J. Geophys. Res. 112 C03006
[7] Vachon P W, Dobson F W 1996 The Global Atmosphere and Ocean System 5 177
[8] Yang J S, Huang W G, Zhou C B 2001 J. Remote Sens. 5 13 (in Chinese) [杨劲松, 黄韦艮, 周长宝 2001 遥感学报 5 13]
[9] Wolfgang K 2004 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 42 702
[10] Zhu H B, Wen B Y, Huang J 2005 J. Wuhan Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.) 51 375 (in Chinese) [朱华波, 文必洋, 黄坚 2005 武汉大学学报(理学版) 51 375]
[11] Zhang R W, Yan W, Ai W H, Ma S 2011 J. Mircowaves 27 79 (in Chinese) [张日伟, 严卫, 艾未华, 马烁 2011 微波学报 27 79]
[12] Gladeston C L, Daniela M U, Fátima N S 2010 Sensors 10 5994
[13] Kong Y, Zhao X B, Ai W H, Han D, Xue J 2011 Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition) 12 301 (in Chinese) [孔毅, 赵现斌, 艾未华, 韩丁, 薛剑 2011 解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版) 12 301]
[14] Ai W H, Kong Y, Zhao X B 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 148403 (in Chinese) [艾未华, 孔毅, 赵现斌 2012 61 148403]
[15] Li X, Zheng W, Yang X, Li Z, Pichel W G 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 C02014
[16] Yang X, Li X, Pichel W G, Li Z 2011 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 49 4743
[17] Levy G, Brown R A 1998 Detecting planetary boundary layer rolls from SAR. Remote Sensing of the Pacific Ocean from Satellites, Brown R A, Ed., 128-134
[18] Vachon P W, Wolfe J 2011 IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Letters 8 456
[19] Zhang B, Perrie W 2012 American Meteorological Society 93 531
[20] Zhang B, Perrie W, Vachon P W, Li X F Pichel W G, Guo J, He Y J 2012 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 50 4252
[21] Hwang P A, Zhang B A, Toporkov J V, Perrie W 2010 J. Geophys. Res. 115 C08019
[22] Chen X 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Remote Sensing Applications Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [陈曦 2008 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院遥感应用研究所)]
[23] Jin Y Q, Xu F 2008 Theory and Approach for Polarimetric Scattering and Information Retrieval of SAR Remote Sensing (1st Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) p3 (in Chinese) [金亚秋, 徐丰 2008 极化散射与SAR遥感信息理论与方法 (第1版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第3页]
[24] Jochen H, Wolfgang K 2005 IEEE J. Oceanic Eng. 30 508
[25] Bergeron T, Bernier M, Chokmani K, Lessard-Fontaine A, Lafrance G, Beaucage P 2011 IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 4 896
[26] Mouche A A, Hauser D, Daloze J F, Guérin C 2005 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 43 753
[27] Zhang B, Perrie W, He Y J 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116, C08008
[28] Stoffelen A, Redańo A 2002 Wind Field Retrieval from Satellite Radar Systems (1st Ed.) (Amsterdam: Ponsen & Looijen BV) 29-58
[29] Zhao X B, Kong Y, Yan W, Ai W H, Liu W J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 148404 (in Chinese) [赵现斌, 孔毅, 严卫, 艾未华, 刘文俊 2012 61 148404]
[30] Ge Y, Wang J F 2000 Geo-Information Science 2 28 (in Chinese) [葛咏, 王劲峰 2000 地球信息科学 2 28]
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