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A method of multi-level authentication based on two-beam interference is proposed. By verifying the "password" and "phase key" of one user simultaneously, the system can thus achieve the two-factor authentication on the user's identity. This scheme can not only check the legality of one user, but also verify his identity level as an authorized user and then grant the user the corresponding permissions to access the system resources. While operating the authentication process, which largely depends on an optical setup based on interference, a "phase key" and a password-controlled "phase lock" are firstly loaded on two spatial light modulators (SLMs), separately. Then two coherent beams are respectively, modulated by the two SLMs and then interfere with each other, leading to an interference pattern in the output plane. It is recorded and transmitted to the computer to finish the last step of the authentication process: comparing the interference pattern with the standard verification images in the database of the system to verify whether it is an authorized user. When it turns to the system designing process for a user, which involves an iterative algorithm to acquire an estimated solution of an inverse problem, we need to determine the "phase key" according to a modified phase retrieval iterative algorithm under the condition of an arbitrarily given "phase lock" and a previously determined identity level (corresponding to a certain standard verification image). The theoretical analysis and simulation experiments both validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
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Keywords:
- interference /
- fourier optics /
- phase retrieval /
- authentication
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[18] Wang B, Zhang Y 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 3439
[19] Zhu N, Wang Y T, Liu J, Xie J H, Zhang H 2009 Opt. Express 17 13418
[20] Kumar P, Joseph J, Singh K 2010 J. Opt. 12 095402
[21] Tay C J, Quan C, Chen W, Fu Y 2010 Opt. Laser Technol. 42 409
[22] Kumar P, Joseph J, Singh K 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 1805
[23] Weng D D, Zhu N, Wang Y T, Xie J H, Liu J 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 2485
[24] Yang B, Liu Z J, Wang B, Zhang Y, Liu S T 2011 Opt. Express 19 2634
[25] Wang X G, Zhao D M 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 686
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[1] Refregier P, Javidi B 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 767
[2] Situ G H, Zhang J J 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 1306
[3] Situ G H, Zhang J J 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1584
[4] Peng X, Wei H Z, Zhang P 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 3579
[5] Lin Q Q, Wang F Q, Mi J L, Liang R S, Liu S H 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 5796 (in Chinese) [林青群, 王发强, 米景隆, 梁瑞生, 刘颂豪 2007 56 5796]
[6] Peng X, Tang H Q, Tian J D 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 2629 (in Chinese) [彭翔, 汤红乔, 田劲东 2007 56 2629]
[7] He W Q, Peng X, Qin W, Meng X F 2010 Opt. Commun. 283 2328
[8] He W Q, Peng X, Meng X F 2012 Opt. Laser Technol. 44 1203
[9] He W Q, Peng X, Qi Y K, Meng X F, Qin W, Gao Z 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1762 (in Chinese) [何文奇, 彭翔, 祁勇坤, 孟祥锋, 秦琬, 高志 2010 59 1762]
[10] Meng X F, Peng X, Cai L Z, He W Q, Qin W, Guo J P, Li A M 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 6118 (in Chinese) [孟祥锋, 彭翔, 蔡履中, 何文奇, 秦琬, 郭继平, 李阿蒙 2010 59 6118]
[11] Shi W S, Wang Y L, Xiao J, Yang Y H, Zhang J J 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 034202 (in Chinese) [史祎诗, 王雅丽, 肖俊, 杨玉花, 张静娟 2011 60 034202]
[12] Liu Z J, Guo Q, Xu L, Ahmad M A, Liu S T 2010 Opt. Express 18 12033
[13] Liu Z J, Xu L, Ahmad M A, Liu S T 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 123
[14] Wang X G, Zhao D M 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 148
[15] Zhou N R, Wang Y X, Gong L H 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 3234
[16] Zhou N R, Wang Y X, Gong L H, He H, Wu J H 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 2789
[17] Zhang Y, Wang B 2008 Opt. Lett. 33 2443
[18] Wang B, Zhang Y 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 3439
[19] Zhu N, Wang Y T, Liu J, Xie J H, Zhang H 2009 Opt. Express 17 13418
[20] Kumar P, Joseph J, Singh K 2010 J. Opt. 12 095402
[21] Tay C J, Quan C, Chen W, Fu Y 2010 Opt. Laser Technol. 42 409
[22] Kumar P, Joseph J, Singh K 2011 Appl. Opt. 50 1805
[23] Weng D D, Zhu N, Wang Y T, Xie J H, Liu J 2011 Opt. Commun. 284 2485
[24] Yang B, Liu Z J, Wang B, Zhang Y, Liu S T 2011 Opt. Express 19 2634
[25] Wang X G, Zhao D M 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 686
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