惯性约束聚变靶丸内杂质气体抽空流洗过程的数值模拟

邹雄; 漆小波; 张涛先; 高章帆; 黄卫星

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201491

摘要

低温冷冻靶是实现惯性约束聚变(inertial confinement fusion, ICF)的关键部件之一. 低温靶靶丸内杂质气体的去除程度和效率对低温靶燃料冰层的在线制备具有重要意义. 依据低温靶物理对冰层杂质含量的设计要求, 在计算靶丸内杂质气体最大允许分压的基础上, 建立了靶丸内气体在微米级充气管内流动的抽空流洗模型. 模拟研究了不同微管尺度及结构、温度对靶丸内杂质气体抽空流洗效率的影响规律, 获得了靶丸充气微管的最佳管型设计方案. 基于最佳管型设计, 优化得到了具有最高抽空流洗效率的抽空时间与流洗次数组合策略.

关键词:

Abstract

Cryogenic target is one of the key components of inertial confinement fusion. The removal degree and efficiency of impurity gas in cryogenic target are of great significance to the on-line preparation of ice layer for cryogenic target fuel. According to the design requirements of cryogenic target physics for impurity content in ice layer, the influence factors of upper limit of partial pressure are analyzed, based on the derivation of the calculation formula of maximum allowable partial pressure of impurity gas in the target. Then the flow field of air and hydrogen in microchannels is investigated, and the filling and evacuation model of gas flow in a microscaled filling tube is established. The dynamic simulations of microtubules with different lengths and diameters are carried out. The results show that the microtubules with a length of 5 mm could save 80% of the time compared with the microtubules of 50 mm in length when the microtubule is 5 μm in diameter. At the same time, the total flow washing time decreases by 46% when the diameter of 2 μm is doubled under the condition of 20-mm-long microtubule. Considering the requirements for efficiency and fusion stability, four kinds of tubes are proposed and simulated. The results indicate that the conical transition tube has a strong flow capacity and high flow evacuation efficiency, and is suitable for use as a filling microtubule. On the basis of the best tube shape, the comparison between the two processes under different intermediate pressures is carried out with the time and number of filling and evacuating serving as evaluation criterion. Ultimately, the intermediate pressure of 52000 Pa is selected, the total number of evacuation is 10 and the time is 758 s. Finally, the effect of temperature on the evacuation efficiency is studied in a temperature range of 113 K－293 K in steps of 60 K. The results show that the total time of filling and evacuation will be reduced by 15% on the basis of normal temperature when the temperature is reduced by 60 K, which proves the feasibility of evacuation at low temperature in practical operation.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
四川大学化学工程学院, 成都　610065

2.
中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心, 绵阳　621900

通信作者: 漆小波, xbqi@caep.cn ; 黄卫星, hwx@scu.edu.cn

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

2.
Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China

Corresponding author: Qi Xiao-Bo, xbqi@caep.cn ; Huang Wei-Xing, hwx@scu.edu.cn

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 低温靶靶丸简图

Fig. 1. Schematic of cryogenic target capsule.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 靶内温度对杂质气体压力上限的影响

Fig. 2. Influence of temperature in target on upper limit of impurity gas pressure.

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图 3 气体流域的转换　(a) 空气流域的转换; (b) 氢气流域的转换

Fig. 3. Conversion chart of gas flow field: (a) Conversion chart of air flow field; (b) conversion chart of hydrogen flow field.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 低温靶抽空流洗的流程图

Fig. 4. Flow chart of target filling and evacuating.

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图 5 靶丸抽空流洗物理模型

Fig. 5. The physical model of target filling and evacuating.

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图 6 模拟结果与计算模型的偏差

Fig. 6. Deviation between simulation and formula.

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图 7 低温靶内气压与杂质气体分压(残余压力)变化

Fig. 7. Variation of total pressure and residual pressure in cryogenic target capsule.

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图 8 不同微管长度下残余气压的变化

Fig. 8. Variation of residual pressure at different capillary length.

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图 9 不同微管长度下单次抽空流洗时间的变化

Fig. 9. Variation of single filling and evacuating time at different capillary length.

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图 10 不同微管直径下残余气压的变化

Fig. 10. Variation of residual pressure at different capillary diameter.

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图 11 不同微管直径下单次抽空流洗时间的变化

Fig. 11. Variation of single filling and evacuating at different capillary diameter.

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图 12 毛细管管型简图

Fig. 12. Schematic of capillary form.

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图 13 不同微管型式时靶内残余气压的变化

Fig. 13. Variation of residual pressure at different tube type.

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图 14 最佳流洗中间压力优化

Fig. 14. Optimization of the optimal intermediate pressure of washing.

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图 15 温度对流洗时间的影响

Fig. 15. Influence of temperature on total filling and evacuating time.

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map

[1]	Fanchi J R, Fanchi C J 2016 Energy in the 21st Century (Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Inc.) pp1−23
[2]	Knapp V, Pevec D 2018 Energy Policy 120 94 Google Scholar
[3]	Ongena J, Ogawa Y 2016 Energy Policy 96 770 Google Scholar
[4]	Smalyuk V A, Weber C R, Landen O L, et al. 2019 Plasma Phys. Control Fusion 62 1
[5]	Zheng W G, Wei X F, Zhu Q H, et al. 2017 Matter Radiat. at Extremes 2 243 Google Scholar
[6]	Baton S D, Colaïtis A, Rousseaux C, et al. 2020 High Energy Density Phys. 36 1
[7]	Harding D R, Ulreich J, Wittman M D, et al. 2018 Fusion Sci. Technol. 73 324 Google Scholar
[8]	Yang H, Du K, Lei H L, et al. 2016 J. Fusion Energ. 35 673 Google Scholar
[9]	Aleksandrova I V, Koresheva E R 2019 High Power Laser Sci. 7 1 Google Scholar
[10]	Kozioziemski B J, Mapoles E R, Sater J D, Chernov J D, Moody J D 2011 Fusion Sci. Technol. 59 14 Google Scholar
[11]	Parham T, Kozioziemski B, Atkinson D, et al. 2016 Fusion Sci. Technol. 69 407 Google Scholar
[12]	Bhandarkar S, Parham T, Fair J 2011 Fusion Sci. Technol. 59 51 Google Scholar
[13]	Harding D R, Wittman M D, Edgell D H 2013 Fusion Sci. Technol. 63 95 Google Scholar
[14]	Dongari N, Agrawal A, Agrawal A 2007 Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 50 3411 Google Scholar
[15]	Stevanovic N D 2007 J Micromech. Microeng. 17 1695 Google Scholar
[16]	Das S K, Tahmouresi F 2016 Int. J. Adv. Math. and Mech. 3 1
[17]	Kurkin E I, Samsonov V N, Shakhov V G 2017 Procedia. Eng. 185 160 Google Scholar
[18]	Simlandi S 2018 Int. J. Eng. Sci. 06 155 Google Scholar
[19]	Yovanovich M M, Khan W A 2016 Int. J. Heat Mass Tran. 93 629 Google Scholar
[20]	Rovenskaya O I 2016 Eur. J. Mech. B-Fluid 59 7 Google Scholar
[21]	Taassob A, Kamali R, Bordbar A 2018 Vacuum 151 197 Google Scholar
[22]	Ahangar E K, Ayani M B, Esfahani J A 2019 Int. J. Mech. Sci. 157-158 802 Google Scholar
[23]	Ahangar E K, Ayani M B, Esfahani J A, Kim K C 2020 Vacuum 173 1
[24]	Edwards M J 2016 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 688 1 Google Scholar
[25]	Karniadakis G E, Beskok A 2002 Micro Flows: Fundamentals and Simulation (New York: Springer-Verlag) pp1−31
[26]	Prud'Homme R K, Chapman T W, Bowen J R 1986 Appl. Sci. Res. 43 67 Google Scholar
[27]	Tison S A 1993 Vacuum 44 1171 Google Scholar

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惯性约束聚变靶丸内杂质气体抽空流洗过程的数值模拟