自旋太赫兹源：性能、调控及其应用

冯正; 王大承; 孙松; 谭为

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200757

摘要

自旋太赫兹源基于铁磁/非磁纳米薄膜异质结构中的超快自旋流-电荷流转换产生太赫兹脉冲, 具有超宽频谱、固态稳定、偏振可调、超薄结构、成本低廉等独特优点, 近年来引起很大的关注. 本文首先简要介绍太赫兹波、太赫兹自旋电子学及自旋太赫兹源; 其次从自旋太赫兹源的性能提升、调控及其应用3方面对其研究进展进行详细的综述, 分别为: 1)基于自旋太赫兹源产生太赫兹的3个过程—超快自旋输运、光学激发、太赫兹出射的性能提升方法, 2)自旋太赫兹源偏振和频谱的主动调控, 3)自旋太赫兹源在太赫兹超宽谱测试、磁结构检测及成像、太赫兹超分辨近场成像等方面的应用; 最后总结全文, 指出自旋太赫兹源目前存在的问题, 并展望其发展方向.

关键词:

Abstract

Spintronic terahertz (THz) emitter, which is based on ultrafast spin-to-charge current conversion in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic heterostructures, provides excellent advantages such as ultra-broadband, tunable polarization, and ultra-thin structure, thereby attracting increasing interests recently. In this review article, we first introduce the fundamental concepts of THz wave, THz spintronics and spintronic THz emitter. Next, we focus on the recent progress of spintronic THz emitter by closely looking at the performances, manipulations and applications. Performance improvement is presented based on the three fundamental processes: optical excitation, ultrafast spin transport, and THz emission. The active manipulation of polarization and spectral response, as well as the relevant applications such as ultra broadband measurements, magnetic structure detection and imaging, and THz near-field microscopy, are reviewed comprehensively. Finally, a brief summary and outlook are given.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国工程物理研究院微系统与太赫兹研究中心, 成都　610200

2.
中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所, 绵阳　621999

通信作者: 冯正, fengzheng@mtrc.ac.cn ; 谭为, tanwei@mtrc.ac.cn

基金项目: 科学挑战专题(批准号: TZ2018003)、国家自然科学基金青年科学基金(批准号: 11504345, 11504346, 61905225, 62005256)和中国工程物理研究院创新发展基金(批准号: CX20200011)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

1.
Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Chengdu 610200, China

2.
Institute of Electronic Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China

Corresponding author: Feng Zheng, fengzheng@mtrc.ac.cn ; Tan Wei, tanwei@mtrc.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Science Challenge Project, China (Grant No. TZ2018003), the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11504345, 11504346, 61905225, 62005256), and the China Academy of Engineering Physics Innovation Grant (Grant No. CX20200011)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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施引文献

图 1 自旋太赫兹源原理

Fig. 1. Schematic of the spintronc THz emitter.

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图 2 三层结构自旋太赫兹源

Fig. 2. Schematic of the trilayer spintronic THz emitter.

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图 3 基于逆Rashba-Edelstein效应的太赫兹发射　(a) Ag/Bi界面; (b) 拓扑绝缘体Bi₂Se₃表面态; (c)二维半导体材料MoS₂

Fig. 3. Schematic of THz emission via inverse Rashba-Edelstein effect: (a) Ag/Bi interface; (b) surface states of topological material Bi₂Se₃; (c) two-dimensional semiconductor MoS₂.

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图 4 金属-介质光子晶体自旋太赫兹源^[34]　(a)结构示意图; (b)不同周期样品的飞秒激光吸收率与太赫兹强度随介质层SiO₂厚度d的变化; (c)归一化的激光吸收率与太赫兹强度

Fig. 4. Metal–dielectric photonic crystal type spintronic THz emitter^[34]: (a) Schematic diagram; (b) fs laser absorbance and THz amplitude as the functions of SiO₂ thickness d for different repeats; (c) normalized THz amplitude and fs laser absorbance as the functions of SiO₂ thickness d for different repeats.

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图 5 高场强自旋太赫兹源^[37]　(a) 大面积自旋太赫兹源照片; (b) 实验装置示意图; (c) 太赫兹电场强度

Fig. 5. High-field spintronic THz emitter^[37]: (a) Photograph of the large area spintronic terahertz emitter; (b) schematic of the experimental setup; (c) resulting THz electric fields.

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图 6 (a)自旋太赫兹源与超半球硅透镜组合器件^[22]; (b) 自旋太赫兹源与天线结构耦合器件^[39]

Fig. 6. (a) The integrated device of spintronic THz emitter and hyper hemispherical silicon lens^[22]; (b) the integrated device of spintronic THz emitter and antenna^[39].

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图 7 偏振可调自旋太赫兹源　(a)级联自旋太赫兹源^[42]; (b)超材料集成自旋太赫兹源^[44]

Fig. 7. Polarization-tunable spintronic THz emitter: (a) Cascade spintronic THz emitter^[42]; (b) metamaterial integrated spintronic THz emitter^[44].

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图 8 频谱可调自旋太赫兹源　(a)条带图形自旋太赫兹源^[20]; (b)电流增强复合自旋太赫兹源^[46]; (c)飞秒激光脉冲对激发自旋太赫兹源^[47]

Fig. 8. Spectrum-tunable spintronic THz emitter: (a) Stripe patterned spintronic THz emitter^[20]; (b) current enhanced hybrid spintronic THz emitter^[46]; (c) dual-pulses pumped spintronic THz emitter^[47].

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图 9 基于自旋太赫兹源的磁检测/成像芯片^[48]　(a)示意图; (b)不同永磁铁取向下的磁分布成像图

Fig. 9. Magneto-optic sensor/imager based on spintronic THz emitter^[48]: (a) Schematic diagram; (b) magnetic images with diferent permanent magnet orientation.

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图 10 自旋太赫兹源阵列鬼成像显微术^[49]　(a) 示意图; (b) 自旋太赫兹源阵列; (c)成像物体的光学照片和太赫兹鬼成像图

Fig. 10. Ghost spintronic THz emitter array microscope(GHOSTEAM)^[49]: (a) Schematic of GHOSTEAM; (b) schematic of spintronic THz emitter array; (c) optical photo and THz ghost image of an object.

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map

[1]	Tonouchi M 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 97 Google Scholar
[2]	Ferguson B, Zhang X C 2002 Nat. Mater. 1 26 Google Scholar
[3]	Withayachumnankul W, Naftaly M 2014 J. Infrared Millim Terahertz Waves 35 610 Google Scholar
[4]	Neu J, Schmuttenmaer C A 2018 J. Appl. Phys. 124 231101 Google Scholar
[5]	Walowski J, Münzenberg M 2016 J. Appl. Phys. 120 140901 Google Scholar
[6]	Kampfrath T, Sell A, Klatt G, Pashkin A, Mährlein S, Dekorsy T, Wolf M, Fiebig M, Leitenstorfer A, Huber R 2010 Nat. Photonics 5 31
[7]	Nishitani J, Kozuki K, Nagashima T, Hangyo M 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 221906 Google Scholar
[8]	Chun S H, Shin K W, Kim H J, Jung S, Park J, Bahk Y, Park H, Kyoung J S, Choi D, Kim D 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 027202 Google Scholar
[9]	Beaurepaire E, Turner G M, Harrel S M, Beard M C, Bigot J Y, Schmuttenmaer C A 2004 Appl. Phys. Lett. 84 3465 Google Scholar
[10]	Vicario C, Ruchert C, Ardanalamas F, Derlet P M, Tudu B, Luning J, Hauri C P 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 720 Google Scholar
[11]	Jin Z, Tkach A, Casper F, Spetter V, Grimm H, Thomas A, Kampfrath T, Bonn M, Kläui M, Turchinovich D 2015 Nat. Phys. 11 761 Google Scholar
[12]	Huisman T J, Mikhaylovskiy R V, Rasing T, Kimel A V, Tsukamoto A, de Ronde B, Ma L, Fan W J, Zhou S M 2017 Phys. Rev. B 95 094418 Google Scholar
[13]	Kampfrath T, Battiato M, Maldonado P, Eilers G, Nötzold J, Mährlein S, Zbarsky V, Freimuth F, Mokrousov Y, Blügel S, Wolf M, Radu I, Oppeneer P M, Münzenberg M 2013 Nat. Nanotechnol. 8 256 Google Scholar
[14]	Valenzuela S O, Tinkham M 2006 Nature 442 176 Google Scholar
[15]	Saitoh E, Ueda M, Miyajima H, Tatara G 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 182509 Google Scholar
[16]	Seifert T, Jaiswal S, Martens U, Hannegan J, Braun L, Maldonado P, Freimuth F, Kronenberg A, Henrizi J, Radu I, Beaurepaire E, Mokrousov Y, Oppeneer P M, Jourdan M, Jakob G, Turchinovich D, Hayden L M, Wolf M, Münzenberg M, Kläui M, Kampfrath T 2016 Nat. Photonics 10 483 Google Scholar
[17]	Mosendz O, Pearson J E, Fradin F Y, Bauer G E, Bader S D, Hoffmann A 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 046601 Google Scholar
[18]	Feng Z, Hu J, Sun L, You B, Wu D, Du J, Zhang W, Hu A, Yang Y, Tang D M, Zhang B S, Ding H F 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 214423 Google Scholar
[19]	Pai C-F, Liu L, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 122404 Google Scholar
[20]	Yang D W, Liang J H, Zhou C, Sun L, Zheng R E, Luo S N, Wu Y Z, Qi J B 2016 Adv. Opt. Mater. 4 1944 Google Scholar
[21]	Wu Y, Elyasi M, Qiu X, Chen M, Liu Y, Ke L, Yang H 2017 Adv. Mater. 29 1603031 Google Scholar
[22]	Torosyan G, Keller S, Scheuer L, Beigang R, Papaioannou E T 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 1311 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhang S, Jin Z M, Zhu Z, Zhu W, Zhang Z, Ma G H, Yao J 2017 J. Phys. D 51 034001
[24]	Sasaki Y, Kota Y, Iihama S, Suzuki K Z, Sakuma A, Mizukami S 2019 Phys. Rev. B 100 140406 Google Scholar
[25]	Sasaki Y, Suzuki K, Mizukami S 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 111 102401 Google Scholar
[26]	Li G, Medapalli R, Mikhaylovskiy R V, Spada F E, Rasing T, Fullerton E E, Kimel A V 2019 Phys. Rev. Mater. 3 084415 Google Scholar
[27]	Seifert T, Jaiswal S, Barker J, Weber S T, Razdolski I, Cramer J, Gueckstock O, Maehrlein S F, Nadvornik L, Watanabe S, Ciccarelli C, Melnikov A, Jakob G, Münzenberg M, Goennenwein S T B, Woltersdorf G, Rethfeld B, Brouwer P W, Wolf M, Kläui M, Kampfrath T 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 2899 Google Scholar
[28]	Gückstock O P 2018 M. S. Thesis (Berlin: Technische Universität Berlin)
[29]	Sánchez J C R, Vila L, Desfonds G, Gambarelli S, Attané J P, De Teresa J M, Magén C, Fert A 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2944 Google Scholar
[30]	Jungfleisch M B, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Pearson J E, Schaller R D, Wen H, Hoffmann A 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 120 207207 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhou C, Liu Y P, Wang Z, Ma S J, Jia M W, Wu R Q, Zhou L, Zhang W, Liu M K, Wu Y Z, Qi J B 2018 Phys. Rev. Lett. 121 086801 Google Scholar
[32]	Wang X, Cheng L, Zhu D, Wu Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhao D, Boothroyd C B, Lam Y M, Zhu J, Battiato M, Song J C W, Yang H, Chia E E M 2018 Adv. Mater. 30 1802356 Google Scholar
[33]	Cheng L, Wang X, Yang W, Chai J, Yang M, Chen M, Wu Y, Chen X, Chi D, Goh K E J, Zhu J-X, Sun H, Wang S, Song J C W, Battiato M, Yang H, Chia E E M 2019 Nat. Phys. 15 347 Google Scholar
[34]	Feng Z, Yu R, Zhou Y, Lu H, Tan W, Deng H, Liu Q, Zhai Z, Zhu L, Cai J, Miao B, Ding H 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1800965 Google Scholar
[35]	Herapath R I, Hornett S M, Seifert T S, Jakob G, Kläui M, Bertolotti J, Kampfrath T, Hendry E 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 041107 Google Scholar
[36]	Fülöp J A, Tzortzakis S, Kampfrath T 2020 Adv. Opt. Mater. 8 1900681 Google Scholar
[37]	Seifert T, Jaiswal S, Sajadi M, Jakob G, Winnerl S, Wolf M, Klaui M, Kampfrath T 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 252402 Google Scholar
[38]	Schneider R, Fix M, Heming R, De Vasconcellos S M, Albrecht M, Bratschitsch R 2018 ACS Photonics 5 3936 Google Scholar
[39]	Nandi U, Abdelaziz M S, Jaiswal S, Jakob G, Gueckstock O, Rouzegar S M, Seifert T S, Kläui M, Kampfrath T, Preu S 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 022405 Google Scholar
[40]	Li J, Wilson C B, Cheng R, Lohmann M, Kavand M, Yuan W, Aldosary M, Agladze N, Wei P, Sherwin M S, Shi J 2020 Nature 578 70 Google Scholar
[41]	Qiu H, Wang L, Shen Z, Kato K, Sarukura N, Yoshimura M, Hu W, Lu Y, Nakajima M 2018 Appl. Phys. Express 11 092101 Google Scholar
[42]	Chen X H, Wu X J, Shan S Y, Guo F W, Kong D Y, Wang C, Nie T X, Pandey C D, Wen L G, Zhao W S 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 221104 Google Scholar
[43]	Kong D, Wu X, Wang B, Nie T, Xiao M, Pandey C, Gao Y, Wen L, Zhao W, Ruan C, Miao J, Li Y, Wang L 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900487 Google Scholar
[44]	Feng Z, Wang D C, Ding H F, Cai J W, Tan W 2019 Proceedings of The 10th International Conference on Metamaterials, Photonic Crystals and Plasmonics Lisbon, Portugal, July 23–26, 2019 p626
[45]	Jin Z M, Zhang S, Zhu W, Li Q, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Lou S, Dai Y, Lin X, Ma G H 2019 Phys Status Solidi Rapid Res Lett 13 1900057 Google Scholar
[46]	Chen M, Wu Y, Liu Y, Lee K, Qiu X, He P, Yu J, Yang H 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1801608
[47]	Wang B, Shan S, Wu X J, Wang C, Pandey C, Nie T X, Zhao W, Li Y, Miao J, Wang L 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 115 121104 Google Scholar
[48]	Bulgarevich D S, Akamine Y, Talara M, Magusara V K, Kitahara H, Kato H, Shiihara M, Tani M, Watanabe M 2020 Sci. Rep. 10 1158 Google Scholar
[49]	Chen S, Feng Z, Li J, Tan W, Du L, Cai J, Ma Y, He K, Ding H F, Zhai Z H, Li Z R, Qiu C W, Zhang X C, Zhu L G 2020 Light Sci. Appl. 9 99 Google Scholar

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自旋太赫兹源：性能、调控及其应用