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提出了一种基于二氧化钒且工作频段可切换的太赫兹编码超表面. 该编码超表面由金属-二氧化钒复合层、聚酰亚胺介质层、金属反射层构成, 主要通过对顶层双裂环谐振器和十字结构的参数进行设计, 获得其所需的性能; 而二氧化钒材料的引入, 巧妙地使其可工作于双频点, 进而实现不同功能的切换. 仿真结果表明: 当二氧化钒处于绝缘态时, 在f1 = 0.34 THz的圆极化波垂直入射下, 设计的编码超表面可以视为3-bit Pancharatnam-Berry相位编码超表面, 通过对单元中双裂环谐振器设计卷积编码序列, 使该编码超表面具有以特定角度出射拓扑荷数l = ±1涡旋波束的功能; 当二氧化钒处于金属态时, 在f2 = 0.74 THz的正交线极化波垂直入射下, 设计的编码超表面可以视为2-bit各向异性编码超表面, 通过对单元中十字结构分别设计随机编码序列和棋盘格编码序列, 使该编码超表面具有雷达散射截面缩减和波束分束的功能. 其可为太赫兹电磁超材料多功能器件的设计提供一定的参考.Terahertz (THz) wave has the advantages of low photon energy, high resolution, large communication bandwidth, etc. It has broad application prospects in security detection, high-resolution imaging, high-speed communication, and other fields. In recent years, as a new way to control THz wave, THz metasurface functional devices have attracted extensive attention of researchers. In this work, vanadium dioxide (VO2), a phase change material, is introduced into the coding metasurface. By regulating a circularly polarized wave and the orthogonal linearly polarized waves independently, a multi-function coding metasurface that can work at dual frequency points is obtained. It is composed of three layers. The top layer is a metal-VO2 composite structure. The middle is a polyimide dielectric layer. The bottom is a metal ground. Under certain conditions, the double split ring resonator (DSRR) and the cross structure in the top layer are relatively independent. Designing the coding sequences for them enable the coding metasurface to have multiple functions. The electromagnetic simulation software CST is used to establish model and conduct simulation, and the obtained results are as follows. When the VO2 is in an insulating state and a circularly polarized wave at 0.34 THz is incident vertically, the characteristics of coding metasurface elements are mainly affected by the DSRR. The DSRR is rotated to meet the requirements of 3-bit Pancharatnam-Berry phase coding. The coding sequence is designed to generate vortex beams with the topological charge l = ±1 at a specific angle. The VO2 state is changed into a metallic state, and the DSRR can be equivalent to a metal ring. When the orthogonal linearly polarized wave at 0.74 THz is incident vertically, the characteristics of coding metasurface elements are mainly affected by the cross structure. Because of its anisotropy, four different 2-bit coding metasurface elements can be obtained respectively by changing the length of the horizontal arm and the vertical arm. The design of appropriate coding sequences can reduce the radar cross section of the x-polarized wave and the beam splitting of the y-polarized wave, and the results have broadband characteristics. Multiple coding sequences can be designed by special characteristics of the coding metasurface, then various expected functions can be realized on the same metasurface. It solves the problem of single function of ordinary metasurface devices to a certain extent, and paves a novel way to the development of THz multi-function systems.
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Keywords:
- terahertz /
- coding metasurface /
- vanadium dioxide /
- multi-function
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图 1 编码超表面单元示意图 (a) 单元结构; (b) 旋转结构
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the coding metasurface unit cell: (a) Unit cell structure; (b) rotation structure.
图 2 CP波垂直入射下, 编码超表面单元的同极化反射幅度和反射相位 (a) LCP波; (b) RCP波
Fig. 2. Co-polarized reflection amplitude and reflection phase of eight unit cells under the vertical incidence of CP wave: (a) LCP wave; (b) RCP wave.
图 4 2-bit编码超表面单元 (a) x极化波垂直入射, 4种不同lx的单元; (b) y极化波垂直入射, 4种不同ly的单元
Fig. 4. 2-bit coding metasurface unit cells: (a) Four different lx unit cells under the vertical incidence of x-polarized wave; (b) four different ly unit cells under the vertical incidence of y-polarized wave.
图 5 LP波垂直入射下, 单元的反射幅度和反射相位 (a) x极化波; (b) y极化波
Fig. 5. Reflection amplitude and reflection phase of unit cells under the vertical incidence of LP wave: (a) x-polarized wave; (b) y-polarized wave.
图 6 编码超表面及部分示意图 (a) 编码序列A示意图; (b) 编码序列B示意图; (c) 编码序列C示意图
Fig. 6. Schematic of the coding metasurface and section: (a) Coding sequence A diagram; (b) coding sequence B diagram; (c) coding sequence C diagram.
图 7 产生垂直涡旋波束的编码序列及3D远场方向图 (a) 编码序列; (b) 3D远场方向图
Fig. 7. Coding sequence of vortex beam generation and 3D far-field pattern: (a) Coding sequence; (b) 3D far-field pattern.
图 8 沿X方向012346701234567···排列的编码序列
Fig. 8. Coding sequence arranged in X direction according to 012346701234567···
图 9 产生异常反射角度为42.26°的涡旋波束编码序列A
Fig. 9. Coding sequence A for generating vortex beam with abnormal reflection angle of 42.26°.
图 10 CP波垂直入射下编码超表面的3D远场方向图和2D远场方向图 (a) LCP波垂直入射下的3D远场方向图; (b) RCP波垂直入射下的3D远场方向图; (c) LCP波垂直入射下的2D远场方向图; (d) RCP波垂直入射下的2D远场方向图
Fig. 10. 3D far-field pattern and 2D far-field pattern of coding metasurface under the vertical incidence of CP wave: (a) 3D far-field pattern under the vertical incidence of LCP wave; (b) 3D far-field pattern under the vertical incidence of RCP wave; (c) 2D far-field pattern under the vertical incidence of LCP wave; (d) 2D far-field pattern under the vertical incidence of RCP wave.
图 12 0.74 THz处编码超表面的3D远场方向图
Fig. 12. 3D far-field pattern of coding metasurface at 0.74 THz.
图 15 在f2 = 0.74 THz 的y极化波垂直入射下编码超表面的3D远场方向图
Fig. 15. 3D far-field pattern of coding metasurface under the vertical incidence of y-polarized wave at 0.74 THz.
图 16 y极化波垂直入射下编码超表面在极坐标中的2D远场方向图
Fig. 16. 2D far-field patterns of coding metasurface in polar coordinates under the vertical incidence of y-polarized wave.
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[1] Zi J C, Xu Q, Wang Q, Tian C X, Li Y F, Zhang X X, Han J G, Zhang W L 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 101104
Google Scholar
[2] Asl A B, Rostami A, Amiri I S 2020 Opt. Quant. Electron. 52 155
Google Scholar
[3] Gaufillet F, Marcellin S, Akmansoy É 2016 IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. 23 4700605
[4] Zhu J F, Ma Z F, Sun W J, Ding F, He Q, Zhou L, Ma Y G 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 021102
Google Scholar
[5] Xu W D, Xie L J, Zhu J F, Xu X, Ye Z Z, Wang C, Ma Y G, Ying Y B 2016 ACS Photonics 3 2308
Google Scholar
[6] Luo J, Liang J G, Yu Y, Ma H, Yang R S, Fan Y C, Wang G M, Cai T 2020 Adv. Opt. Mater. 8 2000449
Google Scholar
[7] Peng L, Jiang X, Li S M 2018 Nanoscale Res. Lett. 13 385
Google Scholar
[8] Cheng Z Z, Cheng Y Z 2019 Opt. Commun. 435 178
Google Scholar
[9] Zhou C, Peng X Q, Li J S 2020 Optik 216 164937
Google Scholar
[10] 王羚, 高峰, 滕书华, 谭志国, 张星, 娄军, 邓力 2023 光学学报 43 0324001
Google Scholar
Wang L, Gao F, Teng S H, Tan Z G, Zhang X, Lou J, Deng L 2023 Acta Opt. Sin. 43 0324001
Google Scholar
[11] Cui T J, Qi M Q, Wan X, et al. 2014 Light-sci. Appl. 3 e218
Google Scholar
[12] Liu S, Zhang L, Yang Q L, et al. 2016 Adv. Opt. Mater. 4 1965
Google Scholar
[13] Cheng J, Li J S 2022 Opt. Commun. 524 128758
Google Scholar
[14] Bai G D, Ma Q, Iqbal S, et al. 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1800657
Google Scholar
[15] Zhang P, Li L, Zhang X M, Liu H X, Shi Y 2019 IEEE Access 7 110387
Google Scholar
[16] Guo W L, Wang G M, Luo X Y, Hou H S, Chen K, Feng Y J 2020 Ann. Phys-berlin. 532 1900472
Google Scholar
[17] Liu S, Cui T J, Xu Q, et al. 2016 Light-sci. Appl. 5 e16076
Google Scholar
[18] Li J, Li J T, Yang Y, et al. 2020 Carbon 163 34
Google Scholar
[19] Shabanpour J, Sedaghat M, Nayyeri V, Oraizi H, Ramahi O M 2021 Opt. Express 29 14525
Google Scholar
[20] Li J, Yang Y, Li J N, Zhang Y T, Zhang Z, Zhao H L, Li F Y, Tang T T, Dai H T, Yao J Q 2020 Adv. Theory. Simul. 3 1900183
Google Scholar
[21] Lin Q W, Wong H, Huitema L, Crunteanu A 2022 Adv. Opt. Mater. 10 2101699
Google Scholar
[22] Lu C, Lu Q J, Gao M, Lin Y 2021 Nanomaterials 11 114
Google Scholar
[23] Li J, Zhang Y T, Li J N, Yan X, Liang L J, Zhang Z, Huang J, Li J H, Yang Y, Yao J Q 2019 Nanoscale 11 5746
Google Scholar
[24] Wang H, Ling F, Zhang B 2020 Opt. Express 28 36316
Google Scholar
[25] Yu S X, Li L, Shi G M 2016 Appl. Phys. Express 9 082202
Google Scholar
[26] Liu X B, Wang Q, Zhang X Q, et al. 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1900175
Google Scholar
[27] Zhao Y C, Zhang Y X, Shi Q W, Liang S X, Huang W X, Kou W, Yang Z Q 2018 ACS Photonics 5 3040
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[28] Shabanpour J 2020 J. Mater. Chem. C 8 7189
Google Scholar
[29] Song Z Y, Wei M L, Wang Z S, Cai G X, Liu Y N, Zhou Y G 2019 IEEE Photonics J. 11 4600607
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
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Google Scholar
[34] Yu P, Besteiro L V, Huang Y J, et al. 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1800995
Google Scholar
[35] Zhang M, Cao M S, Shu J C, Cao W Q, Li L, Yuan J 2021 Mat. Sci. Eng. R Rep. 145 100627
Google Scholar
[36] Liu X, Gao J, Xu L M, Cao X Y, Zhao Y, Li S J 2016 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 16 724
Google Scholar
[37] Wu L W, Ma H F, Gou Y, Wu R Y, Wang Z X, Xiao Q, Cui T J 2022 Nanophotonics 11 2977
Google Scholar
[38] 封覃银, 裘国华, 严德贤, 李吉宁, 李向军 2022 中国光学 15 387
Google Scholar
Feng T Y, Qiu G H, Yan D X, Li J N, Li X J 2022 Chin. Opt. 15 387
Google Scholar
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