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工业合金牌号的成分选择体现了固溶体合金的化学短程有序结构, 满足由最近邻两层原子组成的团簇加连接原子模型, 例如对于置换型面心立方固溶体Cu-Zn, 其合金牌号成分可以表述为[Zn-Cu12]Zn16和[Zn-Cu12](Cu, Zn)6, 其中方括号内为第一近邻配位多面体团簇. 基于此, 本文赋予团簇式以具体原子结构的含义, 对置换型面心立方固溶体结构中团簇的可能存在形式进行了穷尽, 得出团簇式所对应的所有团簇加连接原子结构单元模型, 给出团簇和连接原子之间的比例和空间排列的所有可能, 并对Cu-Zn 和Cu-Ni 合金常用牌号对应的团簇式给出了三维结构模型, 进一步验证了前期关于合金团簇式解析的正确性. 用这些模型中原子化学序描述合金的成分, 赋予团簇式以具体的原子结构意义, 为进一步开发新的合金提供了理论依据.It was found previously by us that the compositions of industrial alloy specializations are related to the chemical short-range ordering in solid solution alloys, which is in accordance with the cluster-plus-glue-atom model. This model identifies short-range-ordered chemical building units in solid solutions, which the specific alloy compositions rely on. For instance, substitutional-type FCC solid solution alloys are described by cluster-based units formulated as [cluster](glue atom)16, where the bracketed cluster is the nearest-neighbor coordination polyhedral cluster, cuboctahedron in this case, and one-to-six glue atoms occupy the inter-cluster sites at the outer-shell of the cluster. In the present paper, we investigate the atomic configurations of these local units in substitutional-type FCC solid solutions by exhausting all possible cluster packing geometries and relevant cluster formulas. The structural model of stable FCC solid solutions is first reviewed. Then, solute distribution configurations in FCC lattice are analyzed by idealizing the measured chemical short-range orders within the first and second neighborhoods. Two key assumptions are made with regards to the cluster distribution in FCC lattice. First, the clusters are isolated to avoid the short-range orders from extending to longer range ones. Second, the clusters are at most separated by one glue atom to confine the inter-cluster distances. Accordingly, only a few structural unit packing modes are identified. Among them, the configurations with glue atoms 0, 1, 3, and 6 show good homogeneities which indicate special structural stabilities. Finally, compositions of FCC Cu-Zn (representative of negative enthalpy systems) and Cu-Ni (positive enthalpy ones) industrial alloys are explained by using the structure units of cluster packing and the cluster formulas, expressed as [Zn-Cu12]Zn1-6 and [Zn-Cu12](Cu, Zn)6, where the cluster is Zn-centered, shelled with Cu atoms, and glued with one to six Zn or with a mixture of six Cu and Zn. In particular, the formula [Zn-Cu12]Zn6, with the highest Zn content, corresponds to the solubility limit in Cu-Zn alpha phase zone, which is also the composition of the specification C27400. The Cu-rich Cu-Ni alloys are explained by cluster formulas [Cu-Cu12](Cu, Ni) 6, where the cluster is Cu centered and glued with a mixture of six Cu and Ni. The Ni-rich Monel alloy is explained by cluster formulas [Ni-Ni12](Cu5Ni)-[Ni-Ni12]Ni6. The present work provides a new approach to alloy composition explanation and eventually to alloy composition design from the perspective of short-range ordering in solid solutions.
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Keywords:
- FCC solid solution /
- cluster and glue atom model /
- structure model of geometry /
- composition design of alloys
[1] Ma Z Z, Li J Q, Tian Z M, Qiu Y, Yuan S L 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 107503
[2] Gao Q Q, Li J B, Song S J, Luo J, Rao G H, Liang J K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 066102
[3] Song W B, Wang J Q, Li Z Y, Liu X S, Yuan B H, Liang E J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 066501
[4] Liu L, Hou Q Y, Zhang Y, Jing Q M, Wang Z G, Bi Y, Xu J A, Li X D, Li Y C, Liu J 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 066103
[5] Sun S C, Sun G X, Jiang Z H, Ji C T, Liu J A, Lian J S 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 026104
[6] Gorsky W 1928 Zeitschrift fr Physik 50 64
[7] Wunsch K M, Wachtel E 1981 J. Less Common Met. 80 23
[8] Gu Y J Jin M J Jin X J 2009 Intermetallics 17 704
[9] Gong L X 2000 J. Guizhou Normal Univ. 2000 18 48 (in Chinese) [龚伦训 2000 贵州师范大学学报 18 48]
[10] Chen Z Y, Dai G T 2010 J. Chin. Three Gorges Univ. 32 100 (in Chinese) [陈志远, 戴国田 2010 32 100]
[11] Cowley J M 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 1648
[12] Dong C, Wang Q, Qiang J B, Wang Y M, Jiang N, Han G, Li Y H, Wu J Xia J H 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl Phys. 40 R273
[13] Han G, Qiang J B, Li F W, Yuan L, Quan S G, Wang Q, Wang Y M, Dong C, Hussler P 2011 Acta Mater. 59 5917
[14] Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Y M, Wen L S, Dong C 2010 J. Alloys Compd. 505 179
[15] Robertson J L, Ice G E, Sparks C J, Jiang X, Zschack P, Bley F 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2911
[16] Hong H L, Wang Q, Dong C, Liaw P K 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7065
[17] Hong H L, Wang Q, Dong C 2015 Sci. Chin. Mater. 58 355
[18] Baker H, Okamoto H 1992 ASM Handbook Alloy Phase Diagrams (Version 10) (Ohio: ASM International) p22
[19] Reinhard L, Schnfeld B, Kostorz G, Bhrer W 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 1727
[20] Abrikosov I A, Niklasson A M N, Simak S I, Johansson B, Ruban A V, Skriver H L 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4203
[21] Fiepke J W 1992 ASM Handbook, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (Version 10) (Ohio: ASM International) p1008
[22] Deutsches K L 1965 Chemical Colourings of Copper and Copper Alloys (Version 1) (Sydney: Copper and Brass Information Centre) p102
[23] Lohofer G, Brillo J, Egry I 2004 Int. J. Thermophys. 25 1535
[24] Liu H B, Chen K Y, Hu Z Q 1997 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 13 117
[25] Vrijen J 1977 Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN Petten Report ECN-31
[26] Stolz U K, Arpshofen I, Sommer F, Predel B 1993 J. Phase. Equilib. 14 473
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[1] Ma Z Z, Li J Q, Tian Z M, Qiu Y, Yuan S L 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 107503
[2] Gao Q Q, Li J B, Song S J, Luo J, Rao G H, Liang J K 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 066102
[3] Song W B, Wang J Q, Li Z Y, Liu X S, Yuan B H, Liang E J 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 066501
[4] Liu L, Hou Q Y, Zhang Y, Jing Q M, Wang Z G, Bi Y, Xu J A, Li X D, Li Y C, Liu J 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 066103
[5] Sun S C, Sun G X, Jiang Z H, Ji C T, Liu J A, Lian J S 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 026104
[6] Gorsky W 1928 Zeitschrift fr Physik 50 64
[7] Wunsch K M, Wachtel E 1981 J. Less Common Met. 80 23
[8] Gu Y J Jin M J Jin X J 2009 Intermetallics 17 704
[9] Gong L X 2000 J. Guizhou Normal Univ. 2000 18 48 (in Chinese) [龚伦训 2000 贵州师范大学学报 18 48]
[10] Chen Z Y, Dai G T 2010 J. Chin. Three Gorges Univ. 32 100 (in Chinese) [陈志远, 戴国田 2010 32 100]
[11] Cowley J M 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 1648
[12] Dong C, Wang Q, Qiang J B, Wang Y M, Jiang N, Han G, Li Y H, Wu J Xia J H 2007 J. Phys. D: Appl Phys. 40 R273
[13] Han G, Qiang J B, Li F W, Yuan L, Quan S G, Wang Q, Wang Y M, Dong C, Hussler P 2011 Acta Mater. 59 5917
[14] Zhang J, Wang Q, Wang Y M, Wen L S, Dong C 2010 J. Alloys Compd. 505 179
[15] Robertson J L, Ice G E, Sparks C J, Jiang X, Zschack P, Bley F 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 2911
[16] Hong H L, Wang Q, Dong C, Liaw P K 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7065
[17] Hong H L, Wang Q, Dong C 2015 Sci. Chin. Mater. 58 355
[18] Baker H, Okamoto H 1992 ASM Handbook Alloy Phase Diagrams (Version 10) (Ohio: ASM International) p22
[19] Reinhard L, Schnfeld B, Kostorz G, Bhrer W 1990 Phys. Rev. B 41 1727
[20] Abrikosov I A, Niklasson A M N, Simak S I, Johansson B, Ruban A V, Skriver H L 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 4203
[21] Fiepke J W 1992 ASM Handbook, Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials (Version 10) (Ohio: ASM International) p1008
[22] Deutsches K L 1965 Chemical Colourings of Copper and Copper Alloys (Version 1) (Sydney: Copper and Brass Information Centre) p102
[23] Lohofer G, Brillo J, Egry I 2004 Int. J. Thermophys. 25 1535
[24] Liu H B, Chen K Y, Hu Z Q 1997 J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 13 117
[25] Vrijen J 1977 Netherlands Energy Research Foundation ECN Petten Report ECN-31
[26] Stolz U K, Arpshofen I, Sommer F, Predel B 1993 J. Phase. Equilib. 14 473
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