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采用基于密度泛函理论第一性原理方法, 研究了对称性为Pmn21的正交结构聚阴离子型硅酸盐Li2FeSiO4及其相关脱锂相LiFeSiO4的电子结构, 并进一步采用玻尔兹曼理论对其输运性质进行计算. 电荷密度分析表明, 由于强Si–O共价键的存在使Li2FeSiO4晶体结构在嵌脱锂过程中始终保持稳定, 体积变化率只有2.7%. 能带结构与态密度计算结果表明, 费米能级附近的电子结构主要受Fe-d轨道中电子的影响, Li2FeSiO4 的带隙宽度明显小于LiFeSiO4, 说明前者的电子输运能力优于后者. 输运性质计算表明, 电导率在300–800 K时对温度的变化并不敏感, 同时也证明了Li2FeSiO4晶体的电导率大于LiFeSiO4晶体, 与能带和态密度分析结论一致.The electronic structure and properties of silicate polyanion Li2FeSiO4 in the orthorhombic crystal structure with Pmn21 symmetry and the relevant delithiated system LiFeSiO4 are investigated by the first principles method in the framework of the density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation. The WIEN2k software is used for the self-consistent calculation of the crystal structure to obtain the energy band, density of states, and charge density. Boltzmann transport theory is further used to obtain the values of ratio σ /τ of Li2FeSiO4 and LiFeSiO4 based on the results of the first-principles calculations. The structural stability of Li2FeSiO4 system is demonstrated by calculating and analyzing the lattice parameter and the bond length. The results indicate that Li2FeSiO4 crystal has only 2.7% volume variation in the lithiation/delithiation process and the change of the Si–O bond length is very small, which suggests that the bonding nature between silicon and oxygen atoms remains unchanged. The results of charge density analysis show that the structural stability of Li2FeSiO4 crystal during lithium deintercalation is actually a consequence of a strong covalent interaction between silicon and oxygen atoms. An analysis of density of states shows that the density in the high-energy range near the Fermi level mainly comes from Fe-3d electron states. The Fermi level moves towards the lower energy end during the deintercalation of lithium ions and the electronic conductivity decreases with the decreasing of lithium ions, indicating that the conductive properties of Li2FeSiO4 are better than those of LiFeSiO4. It suggests that Li2FeSiO4 could be modified by doping atoms to affect the electrons in orbital Fe-3d and enhance conductive properties in future research. The calculations of transport properties show that the electronic conductivity of Li2FeSiO4 is not sensitive to temperature in a range from 300 to 800 K, and Li2FeSiO4 material is a potential candidate for heat-resisting cathode material. It also indicates that Li2FeSiO4 owns a better electronic conductivity than LiFeSiO4, which is consistent with the analyses of band structure and density of states. This research reveals the microscopic mechanism such as electronic structure and electronic transport properties of Li2FeSiO4 crystal in theoretical calculations, and provides a theoretical basis for the further improvement of electrochemical properties of lithium-ion battery.
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Keywords:
- first principle /
- lithium-ion battery /
- cathode material /
- Li2FeSiO4
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[1] Idota Y, Kuboat T, Matsufuji A, Maekawa Y, Miyasaka T 1997 Science 276 1395
[2] Yue J L, Zhou Y N, Shi S Q, Shadike Z, Huang X Q, Luo J, Yang Z Z, Li H, Gu L, Yang X Q, Fu Z W 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 8810
[3] Huang X J 2015 Physics 44 1 (in Chinese) [黄学杰 2015 物理 44 1]
[4] Zhang S, Li W J, Ling S G, Li H, Zhou Z B, Chen L Q 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24 078201
[5] Wu W, Jiang F M, Zeng J B 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 048202 (in Chinese) [吴伟, 蒋方明, 曾建邦 2014 63 048202]
[6] Chen Y C, Xie K, Pan Y, Zheng C M, Wang H L 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 028201
[7] Meng Y S, Arroyo-de Dompablo M E 2013 Acc. Chem. Res. 46 1171
[8] Xin X G, Shen J Q, Shi S Q 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 128202
[9] Wang Z X, Chen L Q, Huang X J 2011 Prog. Chem. 23 284 (in Chinese) [王兆翔, 陈立泉, 黄学杰 2011 化学进展 23 284]
[10] Ru Q, Hu S J, Zhao L Z 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 036301 (in Chinese) [汝强, 胡社军, 赵灵智 2011 60 036301]
[11] Dou J Q, Kang X Y, Turtdi W, Hua N, Han Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 087101 (in Chinese) [窦俊青, 康雪雅, 吐尔迪 · 吾买尔, 华宁, 韩英 2012 61 087101]
[12] Shi S Q, Liu L J, Ouyang C Y, Wang D S, Wang Z X, Chen L Q, Huang X J 2003 Phys. Rev. B 68 195108
[13] Zhang H, Tang Y H, Shen J Q, Xin X G, Cui L X, Chen L J, Ouyang C Y, Shi S Q, Chen L Q 2011 Appl. Phys. A 104 529
[14] Ouyang C Y, Shi S Q, Wang Z X, Huang X J, Chen L Q 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 104303
[15] Shi S Q, Zhang H, Ke X Z, Ouyang C Y, Lei M S, Chen L Q 2009 Phys. Lett. A 373 4096
[16] Arroyo-de Dompablo M E, Armand M, Tarascon J M, Amador U 2006 Electrochem. Commun. 8 1292
[17] Araujo R B, Scheicher R H, Almeida J S D, Silva A F D, Ahuja R 2013 Solid State Ionics 173 9
[18] Liivat A, Thomas J O 2011 Solid State Ionics 192 58
[19] Armstrong A R, Kuganathan N, Islam M S, Bruce P G 2011 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133 13031
[20] Nytén A, Kamali S, Häggström L, Gustafsson T, Thomas J O 2006 J. Mater. Chem. 16 2266
[21] Jugović D, Uskoković D 2009 J. Power Source 190 538
[22] Islam M S, Dominko R, Masquelier C, Sirisopanaporn C, Armstrong A R, Bruce P G 2011 J. Mater. Chem. 21 9811
[23] Lv D P, Bai J Y, Zhang P, Wu S Q, Li Y X, Wen W, Jiang Z, Mi J X, Zhu Z Z, Yang Y 2013 Chem. Mater. 25 2014
[24] Larsson P, Ahuja R, Nytén A, Thomas J O 2006 Electrochem. Commun. 8 797
[25] Nytén A, Abouimrane A, Armand M, Gustafsson T, Thomas J O 2005 Electrochem. Commun. 7 156
[26] Nishimura S, Hayase S, Kanno R, Yashima M, Nakayama N, Yamada A 2008 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 13212
[27] Blaha P, Schwarz K, Sorantin P, Trickey S B 1990 Comput. Phys. Commun. 59 399
[28] Madsen G K H, Singh D J 2006 Comput. Phys. Commun. 175 67
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