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研制了一种新中子探测器,它以235UO2裂变靶作为转换靶, 4He气体作为闪烁体. 该探测器充分结合了235U和4He两种核素的特点,从而具有中子能量响应平坦、 中子灵敏度较高、 n/γ分辨本领高等优点,能很好地在混合脉冲裂变辐射场中测量中子. 本文对探测器的原理和结构设计进行了介绍,计算了不同能量中子、γ射线在探测器中的能量沉积, 并从理论和实验上对探测器的中子灵敏度、γ射线灵敏度、n/γ分辨本领和时间响应进行了研究.结果表明探测器的中子灵敏度约10-15 C·cm2, γ灵敏度约10-17 C·cm2,时间响应约33.1 ns.A new neutron detector is designed. Two 235UO2 target foils are used as radiators, and the 4He gas is used as scintillator in the detector. The detector combines the features of 235U and 4He fully, so it has some excellent performances, such as flat energy response to neutrons, better n/γ discrimination, etc. It can be used well to detect neutrons in a pulsed mixture radiation field. In this paper, the principle and structure of the detector are introduced. The energy depositions of different energies of neutrons and γ -rays in 4He gas are calculated. The neutron sensitivity, γ ray sensitivity, n/γ discrimination, and time response of the detector are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The neutron sensitivity is about 10-15 C·cm2, γ ray sensitivity is about 10-17 C·cm2, and time response is about 33.1 ns.
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Keywords:
- neutron detector /
- 4He scintillator /
- fission fragments /
- sensitivity
[1] Ouyang X P 2002 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Fudan University) (in Chinese) [欧阳晓平 2002 博士学位论文(上海:复旦大学)]
[2] Yang H Q, Zhu X B, Peng T P, Tang Z Y, Yang G Z, Li L B, Song X C, Hu M C 2004 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 28 744 (in Chinese) [杨洪琼, 朱学彬, 彭太平, 唐正元, 杨高照, 李林波, 宋献才, 胡孟春 2004 高能物理与核物理 28 744]
[3] Yang H Q, Peng T P, Yang J L, Tang Z Y, Yang G Z, Li L B, Hu M C, Wang Z T, Zhang J H, Li Z B, Wang L Z 2004 Nuclear Electronics {& Detection Technology} 24 640 (in Chinese) [杨洪琼, 彭太平, 杨建伦, 唐正元, 杨高照, 李林波, 胡孟春, 王振通, 张建华, 李忠宝, 王立宗 2004 核电子学与探测技术 24 640]
[4] Zhang X D 2010 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology) (in Chinese) [张小东 2010 硕士学位论文 (西安:西北核技术研究所)]
[5] Ouyang X P, Li Z F, Wang Q S, Huo Y K, Ma Y L, Zhang Q M, Zhang G G, Jin Y R 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 4643 (in Chinese) [欧阳晓平, 李真富, 王群书, 霍裕昆, 马彦良, 张前美, 张国光, 金玉仁 2005 54 4643]
[6] Simmons J E, Henkel R L 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 198
[7] Tornow W 1976 Nucl. Instr. Meth. 133 435
[8] Mutterer M 1977 Nucl. Instr. Meth. 144 159
[9] Elena A, Aleksey E, Bolotnikov 2006 Noble Gas Detector (Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) p5
[10] Glennf K 1999 Radiation Detection and Measurement (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc) p246
[11] Lu X T 1999 Nuclear Physics (Beijing: Atomic Energy Press) p312 (in Chinese) [卢希庭 1999 原子核物理(北京:原子能出版社) 第312页]
[12] Tian D F, Sun W L 2006 Excitation Functions in Neutron-induced Reactions (Beijing: National Defence Industry Press) (in Chinese) [田东风, 孙伟力 2006 中子核反应激发函数(北京:国防工业出版社)]
[13] Zhang J F, Chen L, Li H Y, Xia L B, Zhang X D, Zhang X P, Liu L Y, Liu J L 2010 Nuclear Techniques 33 749 (in Chinese) [张建福, 陈亮, 李宏云, 夏良斌, 张小东, 张显鹏, 刘林月, 刘金良 2010 核技术 33 749]
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[1] Ouyang X P 2002 Ph. D. Dissertation (Shanghai: Fudan University) (in Chinese) [欧阳晓平 2002 博士学位论文(上海:复旦大学)]
[2] Yang H Q, Zhu X B, Peng T P, Tang Z Y, Yang G Z, Li L B, Song X C, Hu M C 2004 High Energy Physics and Nuclear Physics 28 744 (in Chinese) [杨洪琼, 朱学彬, 彭太平, 唐正元, 杨高照, 李林波, 宋献才, 胡孟春 2004 高能物理与核物理 28 744]
[3] Yang H Q, Peng T P, Yang J L, Tang Z Y, Yang G Z, Li L B, Hu M C, Wang Z T, Zhang J H, Li Z B, Wang L Z 2004 Nuclear Electronics {& Detection Technology} 24 640 (in Chinese) [杨洪琼, 彭太平, 杨建伦, 唐正元, 杨高照, 李林波, 胡孟春, 王振通, 张建华, 李忠宝, 王立宗 2004 核电子学与探测技术 24 640]
[4] Zhang X D 2010 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology) (in Chinese) [张小东 2010 硕士学位论文 (西安:西北核技术研究所)]
[5] Ouyang X P, Li Z F, Wang Q S, Huo Y K, Ma Y L, Zhang Q M, Zhang G G, Jin Y R 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 4643 (in Chinese) [欧阳晓平, 李真富, 王群书, 霍裕昆, 马彦良, 张前美, 张国光, 金玉仁 2005 54 4643]
[6] Simmons J E, Henkel R L 1960 Phys. Rev. 120 198
[7] Tornow W 1976 Nucl. Instr. Meth. 133 435
[8] Mutterer M 1977 Nucl. Instr. Meth. 144 159
[9] Elena A, Aleksey E, Bolotnikov 2006 Noble Gas Detector (Weinheim: WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA) p5
[10] Glennf K 1999 Radiation Detection and Measurement (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc) p246
[11] Lu X T 1999 Nuclear Physics (Beijing: Atomic Energy Press) p312 (in Chinese) [卢希庭 1999 原子核物理(北京:原子能出版社) 第312页]
[12] Tian D F, Sun W L 2006 Excitation Functions in Neutron-induced Reactions (Beijing: National Defence Industry Press) (in Chinese) [田东风, 孙伟力 2006 中子核反应激发函数(北京:国防工业出版社)]
[13] Zhang J F, Chen L, Li H Y, Xia L B, Zhang X D, Zhang X P, Liu L Y, Liu J L 2010 Nuclear Techniques 33 749 (in Chinese) [张建福, 陈亮, 李宏云, 夏良斌, 张小东, 张显鹏, 刘林月, 刘金良 2010 核技术 33 749]
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