用于反应堆中子/ 射线混合场测量的涂硼电离室性能

陈国云; 辛勇; 黄福成; 魏志勇; 雷升杰; 黄三玻; 朱立; 赵经武; 马加一

doi:10.7498/aps.61.082901

摘要

近年来,涂硼电离室已逐渐成为核反应堆周围大通量中子/射线混合场监测的辐射探测器之一. 研制了一种高灵敏度涂硼电离室,并给出了其内部结构.用fA级弱电流放大器测得: 当涂硼电离室的工作电压在700 V以下时,漏电流小于1.0 pA; 用Am-Be中子源辐照时测得涂硼电离室的电流曲线坪长为500 V, 坪斜为3.7210-4 V-1;当涂硼电离室的工作电压为400 V时, 对应漏电流为0.4 pA.测试表明涂硼电离室中子信号电流与辐照源的相对位置有关, 将Am-Be中子源置于距石蜡慢化体底部8 cm时,测得中子信号电流最大值为2.0 pA. 用137Cs和90Sr辐照时测得涂硼电离室射线信号电流为 1.02.0 pA,但在射线场中坪特性不如中子场中坪特性明显. 电离室中子探测灵敏度达1.010-15 Acm2s量级,射线探测灵敏度达9.0 10-22 Acm2seV-1量级. 这种涂硼电离室漏电流小、灵敏度高、坪特性好,可用于反应堆周围的中子/射线混合场测量.

关键词:

Abstract

Boron-lined ionization chambers (BLICs) have gradually become one of radiation detectors which are used to monitor the neutron/-ray mixed field with large flux around reactors in recent years. In this paper a BLIC with high sensitivity is fabricated and the internal structure is detailed. By using a weak current amplifier with an accuracy of fA, the leakage current of the BLIC is less than 1.0 pA when the high voltage is below 700 V; under the irradiation by the Am-Be neutron source, on the I-V curve of the BLIC there appears a current plateau with a length of 500 V and a slope of 3.7210-4 V-1; when the operating voltage is 400 V, the leakage current of the BLIC is 0.4 pA. Experiments show that neutron signal current measured by the BLIC depends on the relative position of the BLIC with repect to the radiation source; a maximum of 2.0 pA is obtained when the source is 8 cm away from the bottom of the hole in the paraffin moderator. Under the exposure by 137Cs and 90Sr,-ray signal current measured by the BLIC is 1.02.0 pA, but the current plateau is not obvious in-ray field. The neutron sensitivity of the BLIC reaches a level of 1.010-15 Acm2s and the-ray sensitivity reaches a level of 9.010-22 Acm2seV-1. The BLIC shows small leakage current, high sensitivity, and good plateau characteristics, which can be used to monitor the neutron/-ray mixed field around reactors.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南昌大学物理系, 南昌 330031;

2.
南京航空航天大学空间环境中心, 南京 210016;

3.
南京大学物理系, 南京 210093

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 41064002)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Department of Physics, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China;

2.
Space Environment Center, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China;

3.
Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41064002).

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Liu J, Zhang F, Zhang R, Zhang Y 2003 Nucl. Power Eng. 24 231 (in Chinese) [刘炯, 张帆, 张瑞, 张英 2003 核动力工程 24 231]
[2]	Zhang J M, Olmstead R A 1999 Nucl. Power Eng. 20 507 (in Chinese) [张建民, Olmstead R A 1999 核动力工程 20 507]
[3]	Wang Z G, Yue S 2002 Nucl. Power Eng. 23 24 (in Chinese) [王治国, 岳升 2002 核动力工程 23 24]
[4]	Grosshoeg G 1979 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 162 125
[5]	Ladu M, Pelliccioni M, Roccella M 1965 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 34 178
[6]	Charalambus S 1967 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 48 181
[7]	Ladu M, Pelliccioni M 1967 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 53 35
[8]	Ladu M, Pelliccioni M 1966 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 39 339
[9]	Ladu M, Pelliccioni M, Roccella M 1967 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 53 71
[10]	Oda K, Yamamoto T, Kawanishi M 1982 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 202 481
[11]	Malyshev E K, Prokhorov V V, Tolchenov Y M 1986 Sov. At. Energy 61 216
[12]	Chuklyaev S V 1992 At. Energy 73 917
[13]	Becker J, Brunckhorst E, Schmidt R 2008 Radiother. Oncol. 86 182
[14]	Nohtomi A, Sugiura N, Itoh T, Sakae T, Terunuma T, Fujibuchi T 2010 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 614 159
[15]	Liu Y H, Lin Y C, Nievaart S, Roca A, Tsai P E, Liu H M, Moss R, Jiang S H 2010 Radiat. Meas. 45 1427
[16]	Distenfeld C, Bishop W, Lamplough J 1967 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 49 309
[17]	Gunter P, Uwe K 1984 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 223 155
[18]	Gunter P 1985 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 234 183
[19]	Chuklyaev S V, Vorontsov O M, Dikarev V S, Pol'Nikov E F 2009 At. Energy 106 437
[20]	Endo S, Hoshi M, Suga S, Takada J, Komatsu K 1996 Phys. Med. Biol. 41 1037
[21]	Ziebell A L, Clasie B, Wroe A, Schulte R W, Reinhard M I, Dowdell S J, Lerch M L, Petasecca M, Perevertaylo V L, Zinets O S, Anokhin I E, Rosenfeld A B 2011 Radiat. Meas. 46 1638
[22]	Yang D G, Lu S T, Xuan Z X 2008 Nucl. Electron. Detect. Techn. 28 456 (in Chinese) [杨道广, 陆双桐, 宣肇祥 2008 核电子学与探测技术 28 456]
[23]	Guo W Q, Yin C Y, Huang K, Liu N R, Zhao M N, Li Y M, Shi Y, Zhu H N 1994 At. Energy Sci. Techn. 28 129 (in Chinese) [郭文琪, 因长有, 黄克, 刘乃荣, 赵玛瑙, 李玉梅, 石跃, 朱焕南 1994 原子能科学技术 28 129]
[24]	Lu S T 1983 Nucl. Electron. Detect. Techn. 3 10 (in Chinese) [陆双桐 1983 核电子学与探测技术 3 10]
[25]	Bishay A G, El-Gamal S 2011 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 269 1108
[26]	Nouh S A 2004 Radiat. Meas. 38 167
[27]	Noda K, Nakazawa T, Oyama Y, Yamaki D, Ikeda Y 1996 J. Nucl. Mater. 233---237 1289
[28]	Tian Z H 2004 Radiation Dosimetry (Beijing: Atomic Energy Press) p50 (in Chinese) [田志恒 2004 辐射剂量学 (北京: 原子能出版社) 第50页]
[29]	Wei Z Y 2010 Radiation Dosimetry (Harbin: Harbin Engineering University Press) pp68,86 (in Chinese) [魏志勇 2010 辐射剂量学 (哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工程大学出版社) 第68,86页]

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