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相互作用量子系统在精密测量领域正受到广泛的关注，尤其是量子关联态的实现以及相互作用系统的动力学研究，为量子资源提供了全新的研究方向，推动了基于相互作用系统的传感技术的深入探索。然而，现有研究主要局限于单一物理量的测量，如何利用相互作用系统实现多物理量的精密测量仍亟待实验验证。本研究基于超低场条件下强相互作用核自旋系统，并结合高灵敏的原子磁力计实现信号读出，成功实现了三维矢量磁场的精密测量，测量精度达到10-11T，方向分辨率高达0.2rad。有效克服了传统方法中因外部参考场引入的校准误差和技术噪声的限制。通过实验上的优化，基于相互作用的传感器在测量精度上实现了五个数量级的提升，为开发超高精度的新型量子传感器开辟了全新的技术路径。Quantum Sensing exploits quantum resources of well-controlled quantum systems to measure small signals with high sensitivity, and has great potential for both fundamental science and concrete applications. Interacting quantum systems have attracted growing interest in the field of precision measurement, owing to their potential to generate quantum-correlated states and to exhibit rich many-body dynamics. These features provide a novel avenue for exploiting quantum resources in sensing applications. While previous studies have demonstrated enhanced sensitivity using such systems, they have primarily focused on measuring a single physical quantity. The challenge of realizing simultaneous, high-precision measurements of multiple physical parameters using interacting quantum systems remains largely unexplored in experiments. In this study, we demonstrate a first realisation of interaction-based multiparameter sensing with the use of strongly interacting nuclear spins under ultra-low magnetic field conditions. We find that, as the interaction strength among nuclear spins becomes significantly larger than their Larmor frequencies, a different regime emerges where the strongly interacting spins can be simultaneously sensitive to all components of a multidimensional field, such as a three-dimensional magnetic field. Moreover, we observe that the strong interactions between nuclear spins can increase their quantum coherence times as long as several seconds, leading to enhanced measurement precision. Our sensor successfully achieves precision measurement of three-dimensional vector magnetic fields with a field sensitivity reaching the order of 10$^{-11}$T and an angular resolution as high as 0.2rad. Crucially, this approach eliminates the need for external reference fields, thereby avoiding calibration errors and technical noise commonly encountered in traditional magnetometry. Experimental optimization further boosts the sensitivity of the interacting spin-based sensor by up to five orders of magnitude compared to non-interacting or classical schemes. These results demonstrate the significant potential of interacting spin systems as a powerful platform for high-precision, multi-parameter quantum sensing. The techniques developed here pave the way for a new generation of quantum sensors that leverage intrinsic spin interactions to surpass conventional sensitivity limits, offering a promising route toward ultra-sensitive, calibration-free magnetometry in complex environments.
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Keywords:
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance /
- Quantum Sensing /
- Quantum Metrology /
- Nuclear spin interactions
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