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量子通信和量子传感分别利用量子系统的独特特性，比如量子态的叠加性或量子纠缠特性等，能够实现信息论安全的通信以及对物理量的高精度测量。量子通信和量子传感，作为当前最接近实用化的两种量子技术，成为学术界的研究热点。然而，这两种技术在走向实用化的过程中也面临着诸多挑战，例如：设备缺陷导致现实安全性问题，环境噪声干扰大导致测量精度降低等，使得系统的大规模部署受到严重限制。人工智能凭借其强大的算力和数据处理能力，已经在通信、计算和成像等领域发挥着重要作用。本文主要综述人工智能与量子通信和量子传感交叉领域的发展现状，主要包括人工智能在量子密钥分发、量子存储、量子网络、量子传感等方向的具体结合与应用，为提升系统的可靠性、安全性、智能化与可扩展性等方面提供了强有力的保障。接着，本文分析了人工智能在赋能量子通信和量子传感系统中目前存在的问题，最后，本文对该领域未来的发展前景进行了展望和讨论。Quantum communication and quantum sensing, which leverage the unique characteristics of quantum systems, enable information-theoretically secure communication and high-precision measurement of physical quantities. They have attracted significant attention in recent research. However, they both face numerous challenges on the path to practical application. For instance, device imperfections may lead to security vulnerability, and environmental noise may significantly reduce measurement accuracy. Traditional solutions often involve high computational complexity, long processing times, and substantial hardware resource requirements, posing major obstacles to the large-scale deployment of quantum communication and quantum sensing networks. Artificial intelligence (AI), as a major technological advancement in current scientific landscape, offers powerful data processing and analytical capabilities, providing new ideas and methods for optimizing and enhancing quantum communication and sensing systems.
Significant progresses have been made in applying AI to quantum communication and sensing, injecting new vitality into these cutting-edge technologies. In quantum communication, AI techniques have greatly improved the performance and security of quantum key distribution, quantum memory, and quantum networks through parameter optimization, real-time feedback control, and attack detection. In quantum sensing, quantum sensing technology enables ultra-high sensitivity detection of physical quantities such as time and magnetic fields. The introduction of AI has opened up new avenues for achieving highprecision and high-sensitivity quantum measurements. With AI, sensor performance is optimized, and measurement accuracy is further enhanced through data analysis.
This paper also analyzes the current challenges in applying AI to empower quantum communication and sensing systems, such as implementing efficient algorithm deployment and system feedback control under limited computational resources, and addressing complex task environments, dynamically changing scenarios, and multi-task coordination requirements. Finally, the paper discusses and envisions future development prospects in this field.-
Keywords:
- artificial intelligence /
- machine learning /
- quantum communication /
- quantum sensing
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