金刚石氮空位中心自旋量子调控

刘刚钦; 邢健; 潘新宇

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20180755

摘要

量子计算和量子传感近年来受到了广泛的关注.金刚石氮空位中心以其简单稳定的自旋能级结构、高效便捷的光学跃迁规则以及室温下超长的自旋量子态相干时间而成为量子信息科学中引人瞩目的新星.本文从实验研究的角度介绍金刚石氮空位中心自旋量子调控的基础理论、典型技术和代表性结果；重点讨论1）如何通过光磁共振方法在室温大气环境下对单个自旋进行探测和相干操控，2）金刚石中自旋量子比特退相干的主要机制和抑制手段，3）自旋态相干操控技术在量子传感中的应用；最后对氮空位中心在量子计算和量子传感中的发展趋势进行了小结.

关键词:

Abstract

Quantum computing and quantum sensing have received much attention in recent years. As an atomic quantum system with super-long coherence time and spin-dependent optical transitions at room temperature, nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond is one of the well-studied physical systems in quantum information science. In this review, we brief the working principles and quantum control techniques of this single spin system, and also several experimental demonstrations. We focus on the following points:1) coherent manipulation of single spins with optically detected magnetic resonance; 2) main mechanism of NV election spin decoherence and schemes of coherence protection; 3) quantum sensing and quantum computing applications of spin quantum control techniques. Some open questions are discussed at the end of this review.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院物理研究所, 北京凝聚态物理国家研究中心, 北京 100190;

2.
香港中文大学物理系, 新界沙田, 香港特别行政区;

3.
量子物质科学协同创新中心, 北京 100871;

4.
中国科学院拓扑量子计算卓越创新中心, 北京 100190

通信作者: 刘刚钦, gangqinliu@gmail.com;xypan@aphy.iphy.ac.cn ; 潘新宇, gangqinliu@gmail.com;xypan@aphy.iphy.ac.cn

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划（批准号：2014CB921402，2015CB921103）、中国科学院战略先导科技专项（B类）（批准号：XDB07010300）、国家自然科学基金（批准号：11574386）和中国科学院B类先导科技专题培育项目（批注号：XDPB0803）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;

2.
Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China;

3.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China;

4.
Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, Beijing 100190, China

Corresponding author: Liu Gang-Qin, gangqinliu@gmail.com;xypan@aphy.iphy.ac.cn ; Pan Xin-Yu, gangqinliu@gmail.com;xypan@aphy.iphy.ac.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2014CB921402, 2015CB921103), the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDB07010300), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11574386), and the Key Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDPB0803).

参考文献

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[2]	Feynman R P 1982 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 467
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[20]	Jiang Q, Liu D, Liu G, Chang Y, Li W, Pan X, Gu C 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 116 044308
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[22]	Zhao N, Ho S W, Liu R B 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 115303
[23]	Maurer P C, Kucsko G, Latta C, Jiang L, Yao N Y, Bennett S D, Pastawski F, Hunger D, Chisholm N, Markham M, Twitchen D J, Cirac I, Lukin M D 2012 Science 336 1283
[24]	Liu D Q, Liu G Q, Chang Y C, Pan X Y 2014 Physica B 432 84
[25]	Naydenov B, Dolde F, Hall L T, Shin C, Fedder H, Hollenberg L C L, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 081201
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[29]	Liu G Q, Jiang Q Q, Chang Y C, Liu D Q, Li W X, Gu C Z, Po H C, Zhang W X, Zhao N, Pan X Y 2014 Nanoscale 6 10134
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[31]	Liu G Q, Xing J, Ma W L, Wang P, Li C H, Po H C, Zhang Y R, Fan H, Liu R B, Pan X Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 150504
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[34]	Drau A, Spinicelli P, Maze J R, Roch J F, Jacques V 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 060502
[35]	Liu G Q, Po H C, Du J F, Liu R B, Pan X Y 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2254
[36]	Liu G Q, Zhang Y R, Chang Y C, Yue J D, Fan H, Pan X Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6726
[37]	Pan X Y, Liu G Q, Yang L L, Fan H 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 051113
[38]	Chang Y C, Liu G Q, Liu D Q, Fan H, Pan X Y 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1498
[39]	Wang N, Liu G Q, Leong W H, Zeng H L, Feng X, Li S H, Dolde F, Fedder H, Wrachtrup J, Cui X D, Yang S, Li Q, Liu R B 2018 Phys. Rev. X 8 011042
[40]	Zhu X, Saito S, Kemp A, Kakuyanagi K, Karimoto S, Nakano H, Munro W J, Tokura Y, Everitt M S, Nemoto K, Kasu M 2011 Nature 478 221
[41]	Hensen B, Bernien H, Drau A E, Reiserer A, Kalb N, Blok M S, Ruitenberg J, Vermeulen R F L, Schouten R N, Abelln C, Amaya W, Pruneri V, Mitchell M W, Markham M, Twitchen D J, Elkouss D, Wehner S, Taminiau T H, Hanson R 2015 Nature 526 682
[42]	Casola F, van der Sar T, Yacoby A 2018 Nat. Rev. Mater. 3 17088

施引文献

[1]	Ladd T D, Jelezko F, Laflamme R, Nakamura Y, Monroe C, O'Brien J L 2010 Nature 464 45
[2]	Feynman R P 1982 Int. J. Theor. Phys. 21 467
[3]	Shor P W 1994 SIAM J. Comput. 26 1484
[4]	Grover L K 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 325
[5]	Dobrovitski V V, Fuchs G D, Falk A L, Santori C, Awschalom D D 2013 Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys. 4 23
[6]	Rondin L, Tetienne J P, Hingant T, Roch J F, Maletinsky P, Jacques V 2014 Reports Prog. Phys. 77 056503
[7]	Doherty M W, Manson N B, Delaney P, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J, Hollenberg L C L 2013 Phys. Rep. 528 1
[8]	Childress L, Hanson R 2013 MRS Bull. 38 134
[9]	Li J, Cui J Y, Yang X D, Luo Z H, Pan J, Yu Q, Li Z K, Peng X H, Du J F 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 167601 (in Chinese)[李俊, 崔江煜, 杨晓东, 罗智煌, 潘健, 余琦, 李兆凯, 彭新华, 杜江峰 2015 64 167601]
[10]	Liu G Q, Pan X Y 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 020304
[11]	Chen M, Meng C, Zhang Q, Duan C K, Shi F, Du J F 2017 Natl. Sci. Rev. DOI:101093/nsr/nwx121
[12]	Degen C L, Reinhard F, Cappellaro P 2017 Rev. Mod. Phys. 89 035002
[13]	Schirhagl R, Chang K, Loretz M, Degen C L 2014 Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 65 83
[14]	Beha K, Batalov A, Manson N B, Bratschitsch R, Leitenstorfer A 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 097404
[15]	Gruber A, Drabenstedt A, Tietz C, Fleury L, Wrachtrup J, von Borczyskowski C 1997 Science 276 2012
[16]	Liu Y, Kong F, Shi F, Du J 2016 Sci. Bull. 61 1132
[17]	Drau A, Lesik M, Rondin L, Spinicelli P, Arcizet O, Roch J F, Jacques V 2011 Phys. Rev. B 84 195204
[18]	Liu G Q, Pan X Y, Jiang Z F, Zhao N, Liu R B 2012 Sci. Rep. 2 432
[19]	Marseglia L, Hadden J P, Stanley-Clarke A C et al. 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 133107
[20]	Jiang Q, Liu D, Liu G, Chang Y, Li W, Pan X, Gu C 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 116 044308
[21]	Jarmola A, Acosta V M, Jensen K, Chemerisov S, Budker D 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 197601
[22]	Zhao N, Ho S W, Liu R B 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 115303
[23]	Maurer P C, Kucsko G, Latta C, Jiang L, Yao N Y, Bennett S D, Pastawski F, Hunger D, Chisholm N, Markham M, Twitchen D J, Cirac I, Lukin M D 2012 Science 336 1283
[24]	Liu D Q, Liu G Q, Chang Y C, Pan X Y 2014 Physica B 432 84
[25]	Naydenov B, Dolde F, Hall L T, Shin C, Fedder H, Hollenberg L C L, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 081201
[26]	Childress L, Dutt M V G, Taylor J M, Zibrov A S, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J, Hemmer P R, Lukin M D 2006 Science 314 281
[27]	Hanson R, Dobrovitski V V, Feiguin A E, Gywat O, Awschalom D D 2008 Science 320 352
[28]	Jacques V, Neumann P, Beck J, Markham M, Twitchen D, Meijer J, Kaiser F, Balasubramanian G, Jelezko F, Wrachtrup J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 057403
[29]	Liu G Q, Jiang Q Q, Chang Y C, Liu D Q, Li W X, Gu C Z, Po H C, Zhang W X, Zhao N, Pan X Y 2014 Nanoscale 6 10134
[30]	London P, Scheuer J, Cai J M, Schwarz I, Retzker A, Plenio M B, Katagiri M, Teraji T, Koizumi S, Isoya J, Fischer R, McGuinness L P, Naydenov B, Jelezko F 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 067601
[31]	Liu G Q, Xing J, Ma W L, Wang P, Li C H, Po H C, Zhang Y R, Fan H, Liu R B, Pan X Y 2017 Phys. Rev. Lett. 118 150504
[32]	Robledo L, Childress L, Bernien H, Hensen B, Alkemade P F A, Hanson R 2011 Nature 477 574
[33]	Neumann P, Beck J, Steiner M, Rempp F, Fedder H, Hemmer P R, Wrachtrup J, Jelezko F 2010 Science 329 542
[34]	Drau A, Spinicelli P, Maze J R, Roch J F, Jacques V 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 060502
[35]	Liu G Q, Po H C, Du J F, Liu R B, Pan X Y 2013 Nat. Commun. 4 2254
[36]	Liu G Q, Zhang Y R, Chang Y C, Yue J D, Fan H, Pan X Y 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 6726
[37]	Pan X Y, Liu G Q, Yang L L, Fan H 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 051113
[38]	Chang Y C, Liu G Q, Liu D Q, Fan H, Pan X Y 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1498
[39]	Wang N, Liu G Q, Leong W H, Zeng H L, Feng X, Li S H, Dolde F, Fedder H, Wrachtrup J, Cui X D, Yang S, Li Q, Liu R B 2018 Phys. Rev. X 8 011042
[40]	Zhu X, Saito S, Kemp A, Kakuyanagi K, Karimoto S, Nakano H, Munro W J, Tokura Y, Everitt M S, Nemoto K, Kasu M 2011 Nature 478 221
[41]	Hensen B, Bernien H, Drau A E, Reiserer A, Kalb N, Blok M S, Ruitenberg J, Vermeulen R F L, Schouten R N, Abelln C, Amaya W, Pruneri V, Mitchell M W, Markham M, Twitchen D J, Elkouss D, Wehner S, Taminiau T H, Hanson R 2015 Nature 526 682
[42]	Casola F, van der Sar T, Yacoby A 2018 Nat. Rev. Mater. 3 17088

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