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本文基于自旋-轨道耦合玻色凝聚体，提出了一种凝聚体的自旋频谱对外场调控参数的动力学响应效应。该效应由对凝聚体的快速晃动和外加的迅变塞曼场来驱动。研究发现，自旋频谱的谱峰对外场驱动参数呈现出简单的线性关系。通过对模型作适当近似和简化，本文给出了该线性关系的解析关系式。同时，基于Gross-Pitaevskii方程对系统的动力学演化做了数值计算，数值结果与解析表达式符合得很好。另外，本文还进一步探究了自旋频谱对外场驱动响应的物理本质，发现该效应来源于不同自旋-轨道态之间的量子干涉，可以利用量子多臂干涉仪的图像来理解其内涵。文章的最后对方案的实验可行性及相关参数进行了讨论与估计。本文的结果在量子控制和量子计量学等领域有潜在价值。
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关键词:
- 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚1 /
- 自旋-轨道耦合2 /
- 超冷量子气体3 /
- 自旋频谱4
The dynamical characters owned by inner and external states of a Bose-Einstein condensate are generally different and independent, and thereby requires experimentally distinct manipulation techniques. The recently realized spin-orbit coupling in Bose-Einstein condensates essentially connects spin and motional degrees of freedom, which endows spin states with ability to respond to orbit operations and vice versa. In this paper, a dynamical response effect, triggered by simultaneously manipulating the inner and external states of a spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensate, is predicted. Here, the “simultaneously manipulation of the inner and external states” means that the driving fields incorporate both the Zeeman field, which imposed on the atomic inner states, and the orbit potential, which influences the external states of atoms. Specifically, the Bose-Einstein condensate is assumed to be activated by an abruptly applied Zeeman field and a sudden shake of the trapping potential. After some reasonable simplification and approximation of the model (i.e., neglecting the inter-atomic interactions and modelling the shake of the trapping potential by a short time-dependent pulse), an analytical relation bridging the spin frequency spectrum and the parameters of the driving fields, is derived. The numerical calculations based on directly integrating the Gross-Pitaevskii equation are in great agreement with the analytical relation. The physical origin of the predicted spin dynamical response can be traced back to the quantum interference among different spin-orbit states. As a series of characteristic parameters of the condensate can be manifested in the spin frequency spectrum, the dynamical response effect predicted here offers a candidate method to determine and calibrate various system parameters by measuring the spin frequency spectrum.-
Keywords:
- Bose-Einstein condensate1 /
- Spin-orbit coupling2 /
- Ultracold quantum gases3 /
- Spin frequency spectrum4
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