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随着中性冷原子气体的人造自旋-轨道耦合的实验实现，近年来人们开始关注与之相关的可能应用，其中包括自旋-轨道耦合下原子反射镜的研究. 本文在前人研究的基础上，考虑一束自旋-轨道耦合的冷原子气体入射到有限高势垒的情形，通过将部分反射和全反射情况进行对比，发现了与之前研究不同的性质. 我们发现，在全反射条件下，反射原子的极化率随入射角变化较大，而随自旋-轨道耦合强度和原子入射能量的变化较小. 但在发生部分反射的情况下，反射原子的极化率不仅随入射角变化较大，随自旋-轨道耦合强度和原子的入射能量变化也十分明显. 我们仔细研究了自旋-轨道耦合原子气体的反射性质并讨论了其可能的应用.Artificial spin-orbit coupling in neutral cold atom have been experimentally implemented in alkali-metal atoms. Nowadays people begin to explore its possible applications. One of the most interesting applications is the atomic mirror, which is a key element in atom optics. And spin-orbit coupling provides the atomic beam with the possibility that the atomic spin can flip during its propagation, thus can be used to prepare the quantum-state-selective atomic mirror. In 2008, Juzeliūnas, et al. [Juzeliūnas G, et al. 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 200405] studied a spin-orbit-coupled matter wave packet of cold atom gas impinging on an infinite step potential created by the optical light field. Results showed that there is not only ordinary specular reflection, but also non-specular one. The reflected atoms split into two beams and double reflection takes place. Based on the previous study, here we consider a matter wave packet of spin-orbit-coupled cold atom gas impinging on a finite step potential created by the optical light field. Due to the effect of the spin-orbit coupling, in addition to the propagating state, the eigenstates of cold atoms include evanescent state and oscillating evanescent state. Under suitable conditions double reflection will take place. If there are just evanescent waves in the step potential, total internal reflection will take place. In other words, when there is propagating wave in the step potential, partial reflection will take place. By taking into account both the total internal reflection and partial reflection, we study not only the polarization rate but also the reflectivity each as a function of incident energy, incident angle and spin-orbit coupling strength. The properties different from those of previous studies are found. In the case of total internal reflection, we find that the polarization rate of the reflected atoms is sensitive to incident angle instead of the spin-orbit coupling strength and incident energy. While in the case of partial reflection, all these factors strongly affect the polarization rate and reflectivity. We carefully study these properties and find that, on one hand, high efficiency atomic mirror can be acquired in the case of total internal reflection, and on the other hand, we can acquire the different polarization rates by adjusting the incident angle, the spin-orbit coupling strength and incident energy in the case of partial reflection.
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Keywords:
- spin-orbit coupling /
- double reflection /
- oscillating evanescent wave
[1] Dalibard J, Gerbier F, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1523
[2] Goldman N, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P, Spielman I B 2014 Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 126401
[3] Zhai H 2015 Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 026001
[4] Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83
[5] Wang P J, Yu Z Q, Fu Z K, Miao J, Huang L H, Chai S J, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095301
[6] Cheuk L W, Sommer A T, Hadzibabic Z, Yefsah T, Bakr W S, Zwierlein M W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095302
[7] Zhang J Y, Ji S C, Chen Z, Zhang L, Du Z D, Yan B, Pan G S, Zhao B, Deng Y J, Zhai H, Chen S, Pan J W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 115301
[8] Sablikov V A, Tkach Y Y 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 245321
[9] Ban Y, Sherman E Y 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 052130
[10] Chalaev O, Loss D 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 245318
[11] Wang Y Q 2007 Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms (Beijing: Beijing University Press) p414 (in Chinese) [王义遒 2007 原子的激光冷却与陷俘 (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第414页]
[12] Roach T M, Abele H, Boshier M G, Grossman H L, Zetie K P, Hinds E A 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 629
[13] Cook R J, Hill R K 1982 Opt. Commun. 43 258
[14] Balykin V I, Letokhov V S, Ovchinnikov Y B, Sidorov A I 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 2137
[15] Juzeliūnas G, Ruseckas J, Jacob A, Santos L, Öhberg P 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 200405
[16] Zhang Y P, Mao L, Zhang C W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 035302
[17] Tang L, Huang J H, Duan Z L, Zhang W P, Zhou Z Y, Feng Y Y, Zhu R 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 6606 (in Chinese) [唐霖, 黄建华, 段正路, 张卫平, 周兆英, 冯焱颖, 朱荣 2006 55 6606]
[18] Zhou L, Qin J L, Lan Z H, Dong G J, Zhang W P 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 031603
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[1] Dalibard J, Gerbier F, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P 2011 Rev. Mod. Phys. 83 1523
[2] Goldman N, Juzeliūnas G, Öhberg P, Spielman I B 2014 Rep. Prog. Phys. 77 126401
[3] Zhai H 2015 Rep. Prog. Phys. 78 026001
[4] Lin Y J, Jiménez-García K, Spielman I B 2011 Nature 471 83
[5] Wang P J, Yu Z Q, Fu Z K, Miao J, Huang L H, Chai S J, Zhai H, Zhang J 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095301
[6] Cheuk L W, Sommer A T, Hadzibabic Z, Yefsah T, Bakr W S, Zwierlein M W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 095302
[7] Zhang J Y, Ji S C, Chen Z, Zhang L, Du Z D, Yan B, Pan G S, Zhao B, Deng Y J, Zhai H, Chen S, Pan J W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 115301
[8] Sablikov V A, Tkach Y Y 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 245321
[9] Ban Y, Sherman E Y 2012 Phys. Rev. A 85 052130
[10] Chalaev O, Loss D 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 245318
[11] Wang Y Q 2007 Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms (Beijing: Beijing University Press) p414 (in Chinese) [王义遒 2007 原子的激光冷却与陷俘 (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第414页]
[12] Roach T M, Abele H, Boshier M G, Grossman H L, Zetie K P, Hinds E A 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 629
[13] Cook R J, Hill R K 1982 Opt. Commun. 43 258
[14] Balykin V I, Letokhov V S, Ovchinnikov Y B, Sidorov A I 1988 Phys. Rev. Lett. 60 2137
[15] Juzeliūnas G, Ruseckas J, Jacob A, Santos L, Öhberg P 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 200405
[16] Zhang Y P, Mao L, Zhang C W 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 035302
[17] Tang L, Huang J H, Duan Z L, Zhang W P, Zhou Z Y, Feng Y Y, Zhu R 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 6606 (in Chinese) [唐霖, 黄建华, 段正路, 张卫平, 周兆英, 冯焱颖, 朱荣 2006 55 6606]
[18] Zhou L, Qin J L, Lan Z H, Dong G J, Zhang W P 2015 Phys. Rev. A 91 031603
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