高压直流电缆聚丙烯绝缘电场调控

俞葆青; 夏兵; 杨晓砚; 万宝全; 查俊伟

doi:10.7498/aps.72.20222320

摘要

高压电缆是决定电力输送质量和容量的关键要素. 聚丙烯由于自身优良的耐热性、绝缘性和绿色环保性被广泛关注, 并应用于电缆绝缘材料开发. 高压电缆聚丙烯绝缘材料需要承受脉冲电压和直流额定电压, 容易引起电场畸变从而引发空间电荷积累. 此外, 电缆运行过程中, 温度会急剧升高, 严重影响电缆的绝缘性能, 导致电树枝的引发和生长. 因此需要对高压电缆进行电场调控从而抑制电场畸变、局部放电、电树枝化等劣化现象的出现. 本文重点介绍了高压直流电缆聚丙烯绝缘材料电场调控的理论与方法, 分析了当前电场调控的重点, 最后展望了聚丙烯电缆绝缘的应用前景.

关键词:

Abstract

High voltage cable is the key factor to determine the quality and capacity of power transmission. Polypropylene has widely attracted more attention because of its excellent heat resistance, insulation and green environmental protection, and it is used as cable material. Polypropylene insulation material for high voltage cable needs to bear pulsed voltage and the DC rated voltage, which can easily cause electric field to be distorted and lead the space charge to be accumulated. Meanwhile, the change of cable temperature will also affect the conductivity of insulating material and promote the accumulation of space charge, resulting in the distortion of internal electric field of insulating material and the initiation and growth of electric tree. Therefore, it is necessary to regulate the electric field of high voltage cable so as to suppress the deterioration phenomena such as electric field distortion, partial discharge and electrical demoralization. In this work, the theory and method of regulating DC electric field of polypropylene insulation of high voltage cable is first introduced. Then the main direction of electric field regulation is presented. Finally, the application prospect of polypropylene cable insulation is also put forward.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
北京国电富通科技发展有限责任公司, 北京　100071

2.
南瑞集团有限公司(国网电力科学研究院有限公司), 南京　211106

3.
北京科技大学化学与生物工程学院, 北京　100083

通信作者: 查俊伟, zhajw@ustb.edu.cn

基金项目: 中央高校基本科研业务费(批准号: FRF-TP-20-02B2)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Beijing Guodianfutong Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100071, China

2.
Nari Group Corporation/State Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Nanjing 211106, China

3.
School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Corresponding author: Zha Jun-Wei, zhajw@ustb.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. FRF-TP-20-02B2)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

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[29]	李喆, 龚瑾, 操卫康, 盛戈皞, 江秀臣 2015 高电压技术 41 1451 Google Scholar Li Z, Gong J, Cao W K, Sheng G H, Jiang X C 2015 High Volt. Eng. 41 1451 Google Scholar
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[33]	Zhou Y, Yuan C, Li C Y, Meng P F, Hu J, Li Q, He J L 2019 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 26 1596 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 (a) a-PP的分子结构; (b) s-PP的分子结构; (c) i-PP的分子结构

Fig. 1. (a) Molecular structure of a-PP; (b) molecular structure of s-PP; (c) molecular structure of i-PP.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 flc2hs的函数图^[26]

Fig. 2. Function diagram of flc2hs ^[26].

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图 3 (a) PP和PP-g-MAH的陷阱能级密度, 插图为热激电流谱; (b)介电常数与频率关系; (c)体积电阻率的温度依赖性; (d) PP-g-2%MAH空间电荷分布^[27]

Fig. 3. (a) Trap level density of PP and PP-g-MAH; (b) relationship between dielectric constant and frequency; (c) temperature dependence of volume resistivity; (d) PP-g-2%MAH space charge distribution ^[27].

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图 4 320 kV高压直流电缆的几何形状^[31]

Fig. 4. Geometry of 320 kV high voltage direct current cables ^[31].

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图 5 (a) 320 kV直流电缆典型结构; (b)电导率的函数模型; (c)绝缘层温度分布; (d)施加电压波形; (e)电导率与活化能的关系; (f)电导率与电场依赖系数的关系^[35]

Fig. 5. (a) Typical structure of 320 kV DC cable; (b) functional model of conductivity; (c) insulation temperature distribution; (d) applied voltage waveform; (e) relationship between conductivity and activation energy; (f) relationship between conductivity and electric field dependence coefficient^[35].

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图 6 高压直流电缆系统附件　(a)典型的高压直流预制接头设计, 没有现场分级材料(FGM)层; (b)典型的带FGM层的高压直流预制接头设计; (c)带FGM适配器的HVDC电缆终端的剖面图示意图^[36]

Fig. 6. HVDC cable system accessories: (a) Typical HVDC prefabricated joint design without a field grading material (FGM) layer; (b) typical HVDC prefabricated joint design with a FGM layer; (c) schematic cut-away view of a HVDC cable termination with FGM adapters^[36].

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图 7 (a)不同非线性材料长度的仿真结果; (b)绝缘外表面的电场强度; (c)不同厚度非线性材料的模拟结果; (d)绝缘外表面的电场强度^[42]

Fig. 7. (a) Simulation results of different nonlinear material lengths; (b) electric field strength on the outer surface of insulation; (c) simulation results of nonlinear materials with different thickness; (d) electric field strength on the outer surface of insulation^[42].

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

map

[1]	王亚, 吕泽鹏, 吴锴, 王霞, 刘通, 李锐海 2014 绝缘材料 47 22 Google Scholar Wang Y, Lü Z P, Wu K, Wang X, Liu T, Li R H 2014 Insul. Mater. 47 22 Google Scholar
[2]	梁旭明, 张平, 常勇 2012 电网技术 36 1 Google Scholar Liang X M, Zhang P, Chang Y 2012 Power Syst. Tech. 36 1 Google Scholar
[3]	Green C D, Vaughan A S, Stevens G C, Sutton S J, Geussens T, Fairhurst M J 2013 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 20 1 Google Scholar
[4]	Hosier I L, Vaughan A S, Swingler S G 2011 J. Mater. Sci. 46 4058 Google Scholar
[5]	马超, 闵道敏, 李盛涛, 郑旭, 李西育, 闵超, 湛海涯 2017 66 067701 Google Scholar Ma C, Min D M, Li S T, Zheng X, Li X Y, Min C, Zhan H Y 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 067701 Google Scholar
[6]	Liu M C, Liu Y P, Li Y D, Zheng P, Rui H R 2017 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 24 2282 Google Scholar
[7]	查俊伟, 王帆 2022 71 233601 Google Scholar Zha J, Wang F 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 233601 Google Scholar
[8]	赵学风, 倪辉, 李旭, 林涛, 琚泽立, 蒲路, 范明豪, 邓军波, 张冠军 2018 高压电器 54 165 Google Scholar Zhao X F, Ni H, Li X, Lin T, Ju Z L, Pu L, Fan M H, Deng J B, Zhang G J 2018 High Volt. Appar. 54 165 Google Scholar
[9]	兰生, 李焜, 高新昀 2017 66 136801 Google Scholar Lan S, Li K, Gao X Y 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 136801 Google Scholar
[10]	刘智谦, 高震, 郝建, 李捍平, 马志鹏 2020 绝缘材料 53 29 Google Scholar Liu Z Q, Gao Z, Hao J, Li H P, Ma Z P 2020 Insul. Mater. 53 29 Google Scholar
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[13]	郑元浩 2022 硕士学位论文(青岛: 青岛科技大学) Zheng Y H 2022 M. S. Thesis (Qingdao: Qingdao University of Science and Technology) (in Chinese)
[14]	Gouda O E, ElFarskoury A A, Elsinnary A R, Farag A A 2018 IET Gener. Transm. Distrib. 12 1190 Google Scholar
[15]	桂媛, 王智晖, 徐兴全, 王志勇, 马光耀, 刘若溪, 李泽瑞 2021 绝缘材料 54 72 Google Scholar Gui Y, Wang Z H, Xu X Q, Wang Z Y, Ma G Y, Liu R X, Li Z R 2021 Insul. Mater. 54 72 Google Scholar
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[17]	Diao J C, Huang X Y, Jia Q C, Liu F, Jiang P K 2017 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 24 1416 Google Scholar
[18]	Zhou Y, Yang J M, Zhao H, Sun W F, Gao M Z, Zhao X D, Hu M, Xie S H 2019 Materials 12 1094 Google Scholar
[19]	Wu Y H, Zha J W, Li W K, Wang S J, Dang Z M 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 112901 Google Scholar
[20]	Zhang W, Xu M, Huang K W, Mu Q L, George C 2019 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 26 714 Google Scholar
[21]	Zha J W, Yan H D, Li W K, Dang Z M 2018 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 25 1088 Google Scholar
[22]	Yan H D, Zhang C, Li W K, Zha J W 2019 Polym. Compos. 41 780 Google Scholar
[23]	周垚, 刘继平, 赵孝磊, 房晟辰, 何金良 2020 高压电器 56 155 Google Scholar Zhou Y, Liu J P, Zhao X L, Fang S C, He J L 2020 High Volt. Appar. 56 155 Google Scholar
[24]	Zhang Y Y, Shi K S, Zang C Y, Wei W C, Xu C H, Zha J W 2022 Materials 15 6289 Google Scholar
[25]	Zha J W, Wang Y, Wang S J, Zheng M S, Bian X M, Dang Z M 2019 Appl. Phys. Lett. 114 252902 Google Scholar
[26]	Zhao Y J, Bhonsle S, Dong S L, Lü Y P, Liu H M, Safaai J A, Davalos R V, Yao C G 2018 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 65 1810 Google Scholar
[27]	Zha J W, Wu Y H, Wang S J, Wu D L, Yan H D, Dang Z M, 2016 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 23 2337 Google Scholar
[28]	刘畅, 李忠磊, 周硕凡, 范铭升, 杜伯学 2021 电气工程学报 16 42 Liu C, Li Z L, Zhou S F, Fan M S, Du B X 2021 Elec. Manuf. 16 42
[29]	李喆, 龚瑾, 操卫康, 盛戈皞, 江秀臣 2015 高电压技术 41 1451 Google Scholar Li Z, Gong J, Cao W K, Sheng G H, Jiang X C 2015 High Volt. Eng. 41 1451 Google Scholar
[30]	Zheng Y S, Huang H F, Zhong X Y, Serdyuk Y V 2021 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 54 235501 Google Scholar
[31]	Tian F Q, Zhang S T, Hou C Y 2021 Energies 14 1313 Google Scholar
[32]	Dai X Y, Tian F Q, Li F, Zhang S T, Xing Z L, Wu J B 2021 Energies 14 4722 Google Scholar
[33]	Zhou Y, Yuan C, Li C Y, Meng P F, Hu J, Li Q, He J L 2019 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 26 1596 Google Scholar
[34]	郝艳捧, 陈云, 阳林, 邱伟豪, 傅明利, 侯帅 2017 高电压技术 43 3534 Google Scholar Hao Y P, Chen Y, Yang L, Qiu W H, Fu M L, Hou S 2017 High Volt. Eng. 43 3534 Google Scholar
[35]	李忠华, 刘乐乐, 郑欢, 梁斯婷 2016 中国电机工程学报 36 2563 Google Scholar Li Z H, Liu L L, Zheng H, Liang S T 2016 Proc. CSEE 36 2563 Google Scholar
[36]	Mazzanti G, Marzinotto M 2017 IEEE Electr. Insul. Mag. 33 17 Google Scholar
[37]	刘刚, 陈志娟 2012 高电压技术 38 678 Liu G, Chen Z Y 2012 High Volt. Eng. 38 678
[38]	Hannan M A, Hussin I, Ker P J, Hoque M M, Hossain L M S, Hussain A, Rahman M S A, Faizal C W M, Blaabjerg F 2018 IEEE Access 6 78352 Google Scholar
[39]	Amaru L, Gaillardon P E, Micheli G D 2014 IET Sci. Meas. Technol. 13 1074
[40]	Zhao X L, Meng P F, Hu J, Li Q, He J L 2020 IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 27 10 Google Scholar
[41]	尹毅, 吴建东, 胡嘉磊, 张磊, 孙璐, 沈耀军 2018 电气工程学报 13 30 Yin Y, Wu J D, Hu J L, Zhang L, Sun L, Shen Y J 2018 Elec. Manuf. 13 30
[42]	Yang Q H, Hu J, Yuan Z K, Li J Z, Yin Y, Tang H 2021 International Conference on Electrical Materials and Power Equipment Chongqing, China, April 11–15, 2021 p978

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