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Amorphous materials, owing to their cross-scale structural uniformity, circumvent the inherent sensitivity to defects as in traditional crystalline materials. As a result, they have irreplaceable and critical applications in numerous advanced technological fields. However, due to their thermodynamically non-equilibrium nature, amorphous materials undergo structural relaxation toward equilibrium, causing performance degradation or even failure during the period of service. Additionally, the complex and disordered structure of amorphous materials results in low-energy excitations, such as boson peak and tunneling two-level systems, which contribute to internal friction and thermal noise of the materials. These factors significantly limit their performance in advanced technological applications. Therefore, effectively enhancing the stability of amorphous materials and suppressing low-energy excitations are crucial steps toward surpassing their performance limits. Recent studies have demonstrated that atomic-level fabrication based on enhanced surface dynamics can successfully produce ultrastable amorphous materials, achieving an unprecedented degree of control over their microstructure, stability, and low-energy excitations, far beyond what conventional methods can attain. This article delves deeply into the underlying mechanisms of atomic-level fabrication for amorphous materials, focuses on the structural features and superior performances of ultrastable amorphous materials compared to conventional ones, and outlines future research directions and development trends of atomic-level fabrication in this field.
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Keywords:
- amorphous materials /
- glass /
- stability /
- atomic-level fabrication
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