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In order to explore and develop new crystal materials in the 2.7–3.0 μm band, Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal are successfully grown by the Czochralski method for the first time. X-ray diffraction measurement is performed to obtain powder diffraction data. Raman spectra aree measured and the vibration peaks are identified. The transmission spectrum, emission spectrum and fluorescence lifetime of Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal are also characterized. The center of the strongest absorption band is at 966 nm with a half-peak width of 90 nm, which comes from the transition of Yb3+:2F7/2 → 2F5/2. The absorption cross section of Yb3+ is calculated and the values at 966, 973, 985 nm are 0.62×10–20, 0.60×10–20 and 0.58×10–20 cm2 respectively. The maximum emission peak is at 2850 nm and the half-peak width is 70 nm, the lifetimes of Ho3+:5I6 and 5I7 are measured to be 1094 and 56 μs respectively, and the emission cross section at 2850 and 2935 nm are calculated to be 3.6×10–20 cm2 and 1.21×10–20 cm2, respectively. Comparing with Yb, Ho: GdScO3 crystal, the absorption peak of Yb3+ and the emission peak are both broadened, which are related to the increase of crystal disorder. The lifetime of the lower energy level decreases significantly. Furthermore, the energy transfer mechanism between
$\rm Ho^{3+} $ and Pr3+ is analyzed, and the energy transfer efficiency between Ho3+:5I7 and Pr3+:3F2+3H6 is calculated to be 99%, which is higher than those in other materials. All the results show that Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal is an excellent 2.7–3 μm laser material, and is easier to achieve laser output than Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal.-
Keywords:
- 2.7–3.0 μm laser /
- Pr /
- Yb /
- Ho:GdScO3 crystal /
- crystal growth /
- optical properties
[1] Hu D, Dong J, Tian J, Wang W D, Wang Q G, Xue Y Y, Xu X D, Xu J 2021 J. Lumin. 238 118243
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[2] Arsrnev P, Binert K, Svirridova R 1972 Phys. Status Solidi 9 103
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[3] Yamaji A, Kochurikhin V, Fujimoto Y, Futami Y, Yanagida T, Yokota Y, Kurosawa S, Yoshikawa A 2012 Phys. Status Solidi C 9 2267
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[4] Peng F, Liu W P, Luo J Q, Sun D L, Sun G H, Zhang D M, Wang X 2018 CrystEngComm 20 6291
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[17] Wang Y, Li J F, You Z Y, Zhu Z J, Tu C Y 2010 J. Alloy. Compod. 502 184
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[18] Zhang Y, Huang F F, Liu L W, Liu X Q, Zheng S P, Chen D P 2016 Mater. Lett. 167 1
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[19] Amanyan S N, Arsen’ev P A, Bagdasarov Kh S 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation 38 344
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Li J H, Zhang Q L, Sun G H, Gao J Y, Wang X F, Dou R Q, Ding S J, Zhang D M, Liu W P, Luo J Q, Sun Y 2022 Chin. J. Lumin.43 1779 Google Scholar
[21] Yan W L, Sun Y J, Wang Z Y, Wang W, Fang S S, Huang Y X, Wang Y Q, Tu C Y, Wen H R 2021 J. Lumin. 236 118067
Google Scholar
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图 1 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体及切片
Figure 1. As-grown Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal and slices sample.
图 2 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体的粉末衍射图
Figure 2. XRD pattern of Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal powders.
图 3 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体和Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体的拉曼谱图
Figure 3. Raman spectra of the as-grown Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 and Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystals.
图 4 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体的透过光谱
Figure 4. Transmittance spectra of the as-grown Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal.
图 5 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体吸收光谱
Figure 5. Absorption spectra of the as-grown Pr, Yb, Ho: GdScO3 crystal.
图 6 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体的荧光光谱
Figure 6. Emission spectra of the as-grown Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal.
图 7 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体中Ho3+:5I6 → 5I8 (a)和5I7 →5I8 (b)跃迁的能级衰减曲线
Figure 7. Fluorescence decay curves of Ho3+:5I6 → 5I8 (a) and 5I7 → 5I8 (b) in Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal.
图 8 Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3晶体中Yb3+, Ho3+与Pr3+离子间的能量传递示意图
Figure 8. Diagram of energy transfer processes among Yb3+, Ho3+ and Pr3+ ions in the Pr, Yb, Ho:GdScO3 crystal.
表 1 不同材料中Ho3+离子与Pr3+离子之间的能量传递效率
Table 1. The energy transfer efficiencies between Ho3+ and Pr3+ in different materials.
材料 能量传递效率/% Ho3+:5I6 → Pr3+:3F4+3F3 Ho3+:5I7 → Pr3+:3F2+3H6 0.2%Pr, 5%Yb, 1%Ho:GdScO3晶体* 18.9 99.0 0.2%Pr, 5%Yb, 1%Ho:GYTO晶体[9] 10.26 87.13 0.2%Pr, 10%Yb, 1%Ho:YAP晶体[10] 7.1 85.8 2%Cr, 0.1%Pr, 50%Yb, 0.42%Ho:GYSGG晶体[11] 13.3 36.3 1.03%Pr, 2.06%Ho:YLF晶体[12] 27.0 92.5 2%Pr, 1%Ho:Ge-Ga-Se玻璃[13] — 82 15%Yb, 2%Ho, 1%Pr:YAG晶体[14] — 86.4 注: *表示本文的结果. 表中材料的各元素含量均为原子分数. 
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[1] Hu D, Dong J, Tian J, Wang W D, Wang Q G, Xue Y Y, Xu X D, Xu J 2021 J. Lumin. 238 118243
Google Scholar
[2] Arsrnev P, Binert K, Svirridova R 1972 Phys. Status Solidi 9 103
Google Scholar
[3] Yamaji A, Kochurikhin V, Fujimoto Y, Futami Y, Yanagida T, Yokota Y, Kurosawa S, Yoshikawa A 2012 Phys. Status Solidi C 9 2267
Google Scholar
[4] Peng F, Liu W P, Luo J Q, Sun D L, Sun G H, Zhang D M, Wang X 2018 CrystEngComm 20 6291
Google Scholar
[5] Hou W T, Zhao H Y, Qin Z P, et al. 2020 Opt. Mater. Express 10 2730
[6] Li S M, Fang Q N, Zhang Y H, et al. 2021 Opt. Laser Technol. 143 107345
Google Scholar
[7] 李加红, 孙贵花, 张庆礼, 王小飞, 张德明, 刘文鹏, 高进云, 郑丽丽, 韩松, 陈照, 殷绍唐 2022 71 164206
Google Scholar
Li J H, Sun G H, Zhang Q L, Wang X F, Zhang D M, Liu W P, Gao J Y, Zheng L L, Han S, Chen Z, Yin S T 2022 Acta Phys. Sin. 71 164206
Google Scholar
[8] 孙贵花, 张庆礼, 李加红, 罗建乔, 王小飞, 高进云 2023 人工晶体学报 52 104
Google Scholar
Sun G H, Zhang Q L, Li J H, Luo J Q, Wang X F, Gao J Y 2023 J. Synth. Cryst. 52 104
Google Scholar
[9] He Y, Dou R Q, Zhang H T, et al. 2020 Infrared Laser Engineer. 49 20201067
Google Scholar
[10] Zhang H L, Sun X J, Luo J Q, Fang Z Q, Zhao X Y, Cheng M J, Zhang Q L, Sun D L 2016 J. Alloy. Compod. 672 223
Google Scholar
[11] Zhang H L, Sun D L, Luo J Q, et al. 2018 J. Lumin. 194 636
Google Scholar
[12] Peng J T, Xia H P, Wang P Y, Hu H Y, Tang L, Zhang Y P, Jiang H C, Chen B J 2013 Optoelectron. Lett. 9 362
Google Scholar
[13] 朱军, 戴世勋, 王训四, 沈祥, 徐铁峰, 聂秋华 2010 59 5803
Google Scholar
Zhu J, Dai S X, Wang X S, Shen X, Xu T F, Nie Q H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5803
Google Scholar
[14] Ronald W S, Thomas R H 2016 Proc. of SPIE 9726 97261O-1
[15] Chaix-Pluchery O, Sauer Dand Kreisel J 2010 J. Phys.: Condens. Mat. 22 165901
[16] Chaix-Pluchery O, Sauer Dand Kreisel J 2010 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 22 165901
Google Scholar
[17] Wang Y, Li J F, You Z Y, Zhu Z J, Tu C Y 2010 J. Alloy. Compod. 502 184
Google Scholar
[18] Zhang Y, Huang F F, Liu L W, Liu X Q, Zheng S P, Chen D P 2016 Mater. Lett. 167 1
Google Scholar
[19] Amanyan S N, Arsen’ev P A, Bagdasarov Kh S 1983 Plenum Publishing Corporation 38 344
[20] Li J H, Zhang Q L, Sun G H, Gao J Y, Wang X F, Dou R Q, Ding S J, Zhang D M, Liu W P, Luo J Q, Sun Y 2022 Chin. J. Lumin. 43 1779 [李加红, 张庆礼, 孙贵花, 高进云, 王小飞, 窦仁勤, 丁守军, 张德明, 刘文鹏, 罗建乔, 孙 彧 2022 发光学报 43 1779]
Google Scholar
Li J H, Zhang Q L, Sun G H, Gao J Y, Wang X F, Dou R Q, Ding S J, Zhang D M, Liu W P, Luo J Q, Sun Y 2022 Chin. J. Lumin.43 1779 Google Scholar
[21] Yan W L, Sun Y J, Wang Z Y, Wang W, Fang S S, Huang Y X, Wang Y Q, Tu C Y, Wen H R 2021 J. Lumin. 236 118067
Google Scholar
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