Dual-core negative curvature fiber-based terahertz polarization beam splitter with ultra-low loss and wide bandwidth

Hui Zhan-Qiang; Gao Li-Ming; Liu Rui-Hua; Han Dong-Dong; Wang Wei

doi:10.7498/aps.71.20211650

Abstract

A novel terahertz polarization beam splitter (PBS) with low loss and large bandwidth based on double core negative curvature fiber is designed. The device takes copolymers of cycloolefin as the substrate, and 12 circular tubes with embedded tubes are evenly distributed along the circumference. The fiber core is divided into two cores through two groups of circumscribed small clad tubes symmetrical up and down. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used to analyze its guide mode properties. The effects of various structural parameters on its beam splitting characteristics are investigated in detail, and the extinction ratio (ER), bandwidth and transmission loss of the PBS are analyzed. The simulation results show that when the incident light frequency is 1THz and the beam splitter length is 6.224 cm, the ER of x-polarized light reaches 120.8 dB, the bandwidth with ER above 20 dB is 0.024 THz, the ER of y-polarized light reaches 63.74 dB, the bandwidth with ER above 20 dB is 0.02THz, and the total transmission loss is as low as 0.037 dB/cm. Tolerance analysis shows that the PBS can still maintain good performance under the ±1% deviation of structural parameters.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Electronic Engineering, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi’an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710119, China

Corresponding author: Hui Zhan-Qiang, zhanqianghui@xupt.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61875165, 61775180, 61772417), the Collaborative Innovation Projects of Education Office of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 20JY060), and the Graduates’ Creative Workstation of Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China (Grant No. YJGJ201905)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 双芯负曲率光纤太赫兹偏振分束器横截面结构图

Figure 1. Cross sectional structure of dual core negative curvature fiber terahertz polarization beam splitter.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 当固定参数r₂ = 160 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, Λ = 810 μm, t = 90 μm时, r₁分别为375, 380, 385 μm时耦合长度和CLR与频率的变化关系图　(a)耦合长度; (b) CLR

Figure 2. Variation of coupling length and CLR: (a) Coupling length on frequency when r₁ varies from 375 to 385 μm when r₂ = 160 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, Λ = 810 μm, t = 90 μm; (b) CLR in x-polarization and y-polarization.

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图 3 当固定参数r₁ = 380 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, Λ = 810 μm, t = 90 μm时, r₂分别为156, 160, 164 μm时耦合长度和CLR与频率的变化关系图　(a)耦合长度; (b) CLR

Figure 3. Variation of coupling length and CLR: (a) Coupling length on frequency when r₂ varies from 156 to 164 μm when r₁ = 380 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, Λ = 810 μm, t = 90 μm; (b) CLR in x-polarization and y-polarization.

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图 4 当固定参数r₁ = 380 μm, r₂ = 160 μm, Λ = 810 μm, t = 90 μm时, r₃分别为170.1, 174.1, 178.1 μm时耦合长度和CLR与频率的变化关系图　(a)耦合长度; (b) CLR

Figure 4. Variation of coupling length and CLR: (a) Coupling length on frequency when r₃ varies from 170.1 to 178.1 μm when r₁ = 380 μm, r₂ = 160 μm, Λ = 810 μm, t = 90 μm; (b) CLR in x-polarization and y-polarization.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 当固定参数r₁ = 380 μm, r₂ = 160 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, t = 90 μm时, Λ分别为805, 810, 815 μm时耦合长度和CLR与频率的变化关系图　(a)耦合长度; (b) CLR

Figure 5. Variation of coupling length and CLR: (a) Coupling length on frequency when Λ varies from 805 to 815 μm when r₁ = 380 μm, r₂ = 160 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, t = 90 μm; (b) CLR in x-polarization and y-polarization.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 当固定参数r₁ = 380 μm, r₂ = 160 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, Λ = 810 μm时, t分别为87, 90, 93 μm时耦合长度和CLR与频率的变化关系图　(a)耦合长度; (b) CLR

Figure 6. Variation of coupling length and CLR: (a) Coupling length on frequency when t varies from 87 to 93 μm when r₁ = 380 μm, r₂ = 160 μm, r₃ = 174.1 μm, Λ = 810 μm; (b) CLR in x-polarization and y-polarization.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 双芯负曲率光纤太赫兹偏振分束器模场分布图　(a) x偏振偶模; (b) y偏振偶模; (c) x偏振奇模; (d) y偏振奇模

Figure 7. Distributions of four supermodes in the proposed dual core negative curvature fiber terahertz polarization beam splitter: (a) x-polarized even mode; (b) y-polarized even mode; (c) x-polarized odd mode; (d) y-polarized odd mode.

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图 8 4个非简并模式的有效折射率随着频率的变化关系图

Figure 8. Variation of effective refractive index with frequency.

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图 9 偏振分束器的双芯中归一化能量随着传输距离的变化关系图　(a) A芯; (b) B芯

Figure 9. Normalized transmission power changes with distance in the dual core of polarization beam splitter: (a) Core A; (b) core B.

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图 10 偏振分束器的双芯输出端口消光比变化曲线图　(a) A芯; (b) B芯

Figure 10. Variation curve of extinction ratio of dual core output port of polarization beam splitter: (a) Core A; (b) core B.

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图 11 偏振分束器的损耗随着频率的变化关系图　(a)限制损耗; (b)有效吸收损耗

Figure 11. Variation of loss with frequency in the proposed dual core negative curvature fiber terahertz polarization beam splitter: (a) Confinement loss; (b) effective material loss.

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图 12 A芯中分别输入x偏振光和y偏振光时, 双芯的模式传输情况　(a) A芯中x偏振光; (b) B芯中x偏振光; (c) A芯中y偏振光; (d) B芯中y偏振光

Figure 12. Mode transmission of dual core when x-polarized light and y-polarized light are input into core A respectively: (a) x-polarization in core A; (b) x-polarization in core B; (c) y-polarization in core A; (d) y-polarization in core B.

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图 13 各个参数分别在 ±1%误差情况下消光比的变化情况

Figure 13. Change of extinction ratio of each parameter under ±1% error.

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图 14 所有参数在 ± 1%误差情况下消光比的变化情况　(a) A芯; (b) B芯

Figure 14. Change of extinction ratio of all parameter under ± 1% error: (a) Core A; (b) core B.

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表 1 光纤型太赫兹PBS性能比较

Table 1. Performance comparison of optical fiber terahertz PBS.

结构	中心频率/THz	消光比/dB	工作带宽/THz	传输损耗/(dB·cm^–1)	分束器长度/cm
Zhu, Chen, et al. (2013)^[44]	1	73.86	0.032	0.27	3.36
Chen, Yan, et al. (2016)^[20]	0.6	54	0.013	0.28	1.43
E. Reyes-Vera, et al. (2018)^[45]	1	68	0.15	1.5	10.9
Zhu, Liu, et al. (2018)^[22]	1	70	0.046	0.4	1.27
Kumar, Varshney, et al. (2020)^[42]	0.75	20		0.03	10
Tian, Liu, et al. (2021)^[46]	1	64.64	0.02	0.51	1.184
Wang, Tian, et al. (2021)^[23]	1	20.8	0.01	0.15	0.865
本文工作	1	120.8	0.024	0.037	6.224

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[1]	Costa D, Yacoub M 2008 Electron. Lett. 44 214 Google Scholar
[2]	Xu J, Zhang X C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 151107 Google Scholar
[3]	Federici J F, Schulkin B, Huang F, Gary D, Barat R, Oliveira F, Zimdars D 2005 Semicond. Sci. Technol. 20 S266 Google Scholar
[4]	Liu H B, Plopper G, Earley S, Chen Y Q, Ferguson B, Zhang X C 2007 Biosens. Bioelectron. 22 1075 Google Scholar
[5]	孟淼, 严德贤, 李九生, 孙帅 2020 69 167801 Google Scholar Meng M, Yan D X, Li J S, Sun S 2020 Acta Phys. Sin. 69 167801 Google Scholar
[6]	Hui Z Q, Zhang T T, Han D D, Zhao F, Zhang M Z, Gong J M 2021 J. Infrared Millimeter Waves 40 616 Google Scholar
[7]	Shi Z W, Cao X X, Wen Q Y, Wen T L, Yang Q H, Chen Z, Shi W S, Zhang H W 2018 Adv. Opt. Mater. 6 1700620 Google Scholar
[8]	Su X Q, Ouyang C M, Xu N N, Cao W, Wei X, Song G F, Gu J Q, Tian Z, O’Hara J F, Han J G, Zhang W L 2015 Opt. Express 23 27152 Google Scholar
[9]	Li J S, Xu D G, Yao J Q 2010 Appl. Opt. 49 4494 Google Scholar
[10]	Li J S, Zouhdi S 2012 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 24 625 Google Scholar
[11]	Li D, Li J S 2020 Opt. Commun. 472 125862 Google Scholar
[12]	Xiong H, Ji Q, Bashir T, Yang F 2020 Opt. Express 28 13884 Google Scholar
[13]	Galan J V, Sanchis P, Garcia J, Blasco J, Martinez A, Martí J 2009 Appl. Opt. 48 2693 Google Scholar
[14]	Ren L S, Jiao Y C, Li F, Zhao J J, Zhao G 2011 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 10 407 Google Scholar
[15]	Liu H, Li J S 2014 Optoelectron. Lett. 10 325 Google Scholar
[16]	Niu T M, Withayachumnankul W, Upadhyay A, Gutruf P, Abbott D, Bhaskaran M, Sriram S, Fumeaux C 2014 Opt. Express 22 16148 Google Scholar
[17]	Lai W, Born N, Schneider L M, Rahimi-Iman A, Balzer J C, Koch M 2015 Opt. Mater. Express 5 2812 Google Scholar
[18]	Li S S, Zhang H, Bai J, Liu W W, Jiang Z W, Chang S J 2014 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 26 1399 Google Scholar
[19]	Li S S, Zhang H, Hou Y, Bai J J, Liu W W, Chang S J 2013 Appl. Opt. 52 3305 Google Scholar
[20]	Chen H Z, Yan G F, Forsberg E, He S L 2016 Appl. Opt. 55 6236 Google Scholar
[21]	汪静丽, 刘洋, 钟凯 2017 66 024209 Google Scholar Wang J L, Liu Y, Zhong K 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 024209 Google Scholar
[22]	Zhu Y F, Liu X, Rao C F, Zhong H, Luo H M, Chen Y H, Ye Z Q, Wang H 2018 Opt. Eng. 57 086112 Google Scholar
[23]	Wang B K, Tian F J, Liu G Y, Bai R L, Yang X H, Zhang J Z 2021 Opt. Commun. 480 126463 Google Scholar
[24]	Benabid F, Knight J C, Antonopoulos G, Russell P 2002 Science 298 399 Google Scholar
[25]	Pearce G J, Wiederhecker G S, Poulton C G, Burger S, Russell P S J 2007 Opt. Express 15 12680 Google Scholar
[26]	Islam M S, Sultana J, Rana S, Islam M R, Faisal M, Kaijage S F, Abbott D 2017 Opt. Fiber Technol. 34 6 Google Scholar
[27]	Nielsen K, Rasmussen H K, Adam A J L, Planken P C M, Bang O, Jepsen P U 2009 Opt. Express 17 8592 Google Scholar
[28]	Khanarian G, Celanese H 2001 Opt. Eng. 40 1024 Google Scholar
[29]	Hou M X, Zhu F, Wang Y, Wang Y P, Liao C R, Liu S, Lu P X 2016 Opt. Express 24 27890 Google Scholar
[30]	Ding W, Wang Y Y 2015 Opt. Express 23 21165 Google Scholar
[31]	Florous N J, Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2006 IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18 1231 Google Scholar
[32]	Qu Y W, Yuan J H, Zhou X, Li F, Yan B B, Wu Q, Wang K R, Sang X Z, Long K P, Yu C X 2020 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 37 396410 Google Scholar
[33]	Zhang Y N, Xue L, Qiao D, Guang Z 2019 Optik 207 163817 Google Scholar
[34]	Wu Z Q, Zhou X Y, Xia H D, Shi Z H, Huang J, Jiang X D, Wu W D 2017 Appl. Opt. 56 2288 Google Scholar
[35]	Cucinotta A, Selleri S, Vincetti L, Zoboli M 2002 J. Light Technol. 20 1433 Google Scholar
[36]	Falkenstein P, Merritt C D, Justus B L 2004 Opt. Lett. 29 1858 Google Scholar
[37]	Xian F, Mairaj A K, Hewak D, Monro T M 2005 J. Light Technol. 23 2046 Google Scholar
[38]	Wang L L, Zhang Y N, Ren L Y, Wang X Z, Li T H, Hu B W, Li Y L, Zhao W, Chen X H 2005 Chin. Opt. Lett. 3 S94
[39]	Sultana J, Islam M S, Cordeiro C M B, Habib M S, Dinovitser A, Ng B, Abbott D 2020 IEEE Access 8 113309 Google Scholar
[40]	Cruz A L S, Serrão V A, Barbosa C L, Franco M A R, Cordeiro C M B, Argyros A, Tang X L 2015 J. Microwaves, Optoelectron. Electromagn. Appl. 14 SI45
[41]	Van P L D, Gorecki J, Fokoua E N, Apostolopoulos V, Poletti F 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 3953 Google Scholar
[42]	Kumar V, Varshney R K, Kumar S 2021 Results in Opt. 4 100094 Google Scholar
[43]	Kumar V, Varshney R K, Kumar S 2020 Appl. Opt. 59 1974 Google Scholar
[44]	Zhu Y F, Chen M Y, Wang H, Yao H B, Zhang Y K, Yang J C 2013 IEEE Photonics J. 5 7101410 Google Scholar
[45]	Vera E R, Restrepo J Ú, Durango C J, Cardona J M, Cardona N G 2018 IEEE Photonics J. 10 1 Google Scholar
[46]	Tian F J, Liu G Y, Luo J F, Yao C Y, Li L, Yang X H, Zhang J Z 2021 Optik 225 165862 Google Scholar

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