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Measurement of magnetic field is very important in many fields, such as industrial manufacture, marine environmental monitoring, medical testing, etc. However, there is a cross sensitivity between the measurement of magnetic field and the fluctuation temperature in the environment. So how to accurately measure the magnetic field and the temperature simultaneously by eliminating the cross-sensitivity has been an urgent problem. In recent years, photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor has been widely used due to its particular advantages, such as high sensitivity, small size and its flexibility of filling various sensitive media into the air hole. So the PCF provides a new idea for designing the high-sensitivity magnetic sensor. In this paper, a new PCF sensing structure based on the mixed effects of directional resonance coupling and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is proposed. In the cladding of the PCF, one air hole infiltrated with the magnetic fluid (MF) forms a defect core and is used as a directional coupling channel. When the wave vector matching condition is satisfied in the directional coupling channel, the power is transferred from the fiber core region to the clad defect core at a particular wavelength, and a loss peak is generated in the transmission spectrum. The MF has its unique magneto-optical effect. This is because its refractive index changes with external magnetic field. So the loss peak can be shifted with the magnetic field at a fixed temperature. Another air hole coated with a gold nano film and infiltrated with the methylbenzene is used as the SPR channel. So plasmon modes are excited, and the resonance peak occurs when the real part of the effective index of the core mode is equal to that of the SPR mode at a particular wavelength. The resonance peak can also be shifted with the index of the methylbenzene at changed temperature. The simulation and numerical analysis of the magnetic field and temperature sensing characteristics of the structure are carried out, and the structure parameters of PCF are optimized by COMSOL Multiphysics through using the finite element method under the boundary condition of perfectly matched layer. In a magnetic field range of 90-270 Oe and in a temperature range of 25-60 ℃, the highest magnetic field sensitivity and temperature sensitivity are respectively 1.16 nm/Oe and -9.07 nm/℃, each with a good linearity in the sensing structure. To eliminate the cross sensitivity between the temperature and magnetic field, a sensitivity coefficient matrix is established. As a result, the highly sensitive double-parameter detection of magnetic field and temperature is realized. Moreover, this sensing structure can be used in an extensive range, which has a certain potential value and practical significance.
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Keywords:
- photonic crystal fiber /
- directional resonance coupling /
- surface plasmon resonance /
- cross-sensitivity
[1] Yin J D, Ruan S C, Liu T G, Jiang J F, Wang S, Wei H F, Yan P G 2017 Sens. Actuators B 238 518
[2] Thakur H V, Nalawade S M, Gupta S, Kitture R, Kale S N 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 161101
[3] Zhao Y, Wu D, L R Q, Li J 2016 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 65 1503
[4] Qiu Z Q, Bader S D 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 1243
[5] Li J H, Wang R, Wang J Y, Zhang B F, Xu Z Y, Wang H L 2014 Opt. Fiber Technol. 20 100
[6] Liu Q, Li S G, Wang X Y 2017 Sens. Actuators B 242 949
[7] Li X G, Zhou X, Zhao Y, L R Q 2018 Opt. Fiber Technol. 41 1
[8] de Moutusi, Singh V K 2018 Opt. Laser Technol. 106 61
[9] Rodrguez-Schwendtner E, Daz-Herrera N, Navarrete M C, Gonzlez-Cano A, Estebanetal 2017 Sens. Actuators B 264 58
[10] Shuai B, Xia L, Zhang Y, Liu D 2012 Opt. Express 20 5974
[11] Liu Y H 2013 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication) (in Chinese) [刘耀辉 2013 硕士毕业论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[12] Anna S 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 6167
[13] Chen Y F, Yang S Y, Tse W S, Homg H E, Hong C Y, Yang H C 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett 82 3481
[14] Steel M J, Osgood R M 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 229
[15] You C J 2015 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication) (in Chinese) [尤承杰 2015 硕士毕业论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[16] Rosensweig R E 2014 Ferrohydrodynamics (New York: Dover Publications, Inc.) pp56-65
[17] Shi W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 224221 (in Chinese) [施伟华 2015 64 224221]
[18] Yu Y Q, Li X J, Hong X M, Deng Y L, Song K Y, Geng Y F, Wei H F, Tong W J 2010 Opt. Express 18 15383
[19] Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2002 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38 927
[20] Wu D K C, Lee K L, Pureur V, Kuhlmey B T 2013 J. Lightwave Technol. 31 3500
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[1] Yin J D, Ruan S C, Liu T G, Jiang J F, Wang S, Wei H F, Yan P G 2017 Sens. Actuators B 238 518
[2] Thakur H V, Nalawade S M, Gupta S, Kitture R, Kale S N 2011 Appl. Phys. Lett. 99 161101
[3] Zhao Y, Wu D, L R Q, Li J 2016 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 65 1503
[4] Qiu Z Q, Bader S D 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 1243
[5] Li J H, Wang R, Wang J Y, Zhang B F, Xu Z Y, Wang H L 2014 Opt. Fiber Technol. 20 100
[6] Liu Q, Li S G, Wang X Y 2017 Sens. Actuators B 242 949
[7] Li X G, Zhou X, Zhao Y, L R Q 2018 Opt. Fiber Technol. 41 1
[8] de Moutusi, Singh V K 2018 Opt. Laser Technol. 106 61
[9] Rodrguez-Schwendtner E, Daz-Herrera N, Navarrete M C, Gonzlez-Cano A, Estebanetal 2017 Sens. Actuators B 264 58
[10] Shuai B, Xia L, Zhang Y, Liu D 2012 Opt. Express 20 5974
[11] Liu Y H 2013 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication) (in Chinese) [刘耀辉 2013 硕士毕业论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[12] Anna S 2003 J. Appl. Phys. 94 6167
[13] Chen Y F, Yang S Y, Tse W S, Homg H E, Hong C Y, Yang H C 2003 Appl. Phys. Lett 82 3481
[14] Steel M J, Osgood R M 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 229
[15] You C J 2015 M. S. Thesis (Nanjing: Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication) (in Chinese) [尤承杰 2015 硕士毕业论文 (南京: 南京邮电大学)]
[16] Rosensweig R E 2014 Ferrohydrodynamics (New York: Dover Publications, Inc.) pp56-65
[17] Shi W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 224221 (in Chinese) [施伟华 2015 64 224221]
[18] Yu Y Q, Li X J, Hong X M, Deng Y L, Song K Y, Geng Y F, Wei H F, Tong W J 2010 Opt. Express 18 15383
[19] Saitoh K, Koshiba M 2002 IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 38 927
[20] Wu D K C, Lee K L, Pureur V, Kuhlmey B T 2013 J. Lightwave Technol. 31 3500
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