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We observe special scattering light by using a simple experimental device and record the dynamic behavior with a camera. A laser beam from an Nd:YAG laser, which is expanded by the spatial filter (SF) and collimated by the lens L1 (f1=300 mm), is focused into a line light through a pair of cylindrical lenses L2, L3 (f2=f3=200 mm) and irradiates the LiNbO3:Fe crystal. On condition that the directions of line beam (f) and c-axis of the crystal are both parallel to the horizontal direction, we observe experimentally that the scattering light spreads gradually in the horizontal direction in the far field as irradiation time goes on. Then the scattering light reaches a steady state after 10 min. The scattering light beam is composed of vertical filaments. When the line beam is horizontal and the c-axis is vertical, the scattering light composed of horizontal filaments firstly appears in the vertical direction. About 30 min later, the scattering light appears and spreads along the horizontal direction to the far field as irradiation time goes on. At this time, the scattering light is also composed of vertical filaments. That is to say, we observe the scattering light whose direction is inconsistent with the c axis of the crystal. We also give the corresponding theoretical explanation to the phenomenon. We suppose that the line beam consists of many close-set thread-like sub-beams, which are vertical to the direction of the line beam. When the line beam irradiates the photorefractive crystal, the sub-beams record the gratings in the crystal according to photorefractive nonlinear effect. The gratings diffract the input beam. The scattering light and the incident beam interfere with each other, thereby recording the new grating. At the same time, the new gratings also diffract the incident beam. It goes full circle. So energy transfers from incident beam to the scattering light beam. The direction of the scattering light beam spreads along the direction of the line beam.
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Keywords:
- nonlinear optics /
- photorefractive effect /
- light scattering
[1] Liu S M, Guo R, Xu J J 2004 Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics and Its Applications (2nd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) pp1-14 (in Chinese) [刘思敏, 郭儒, 徐京军 2004 光折变非线性光学及其应用(北京: 科学出版社) (第2版) 第1-14页]
[2] Li P L, Guo Q L, Zhang J P, Liang B L, Wang Z J, Huai S F, Fu G S 2008 Progress in Natural Science 18 1 (in Chinese) [李盼来, 郭庆林, 张金平, 梁宝来, 王志军, 怀素芳, 傅广生 2008 自然科学进展 18 1]
[3] Yang L S, Liu S M, Zhang G Y, Xu J J, Guo R, Gao Y M, Huang C F, Lu Y, Wang D Y 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 461 (in Chinese) [杨立森, 刘思敏, 张光寅, 徐京军, 郭儒, 高垣梅, 黄春福, 陆猗, 汪大云 2004 53 461]
[4] Liu S M, Zhang G Q, Zhang G Y, Xu J J, Liu J M, Men L Q 1995 Acta Phys. Sin. 44 1035 (in Chinese) [刘思敏, 张国权, 张光寅, 徐京军, 刘军民, 门丽秋 1995 44 1035]
[5] L T S, Qiu Y S, Xu L L 1991 Acta Opt. Sin. 11 36 (in Chinese) [吕团孙, 邱怡申, 许立新 1991 光学学报 11 36]
[6] Zhao T, Zeng L Z, Wang R P, Jiang Y J 1999 The J. Light Scattering 11 1 (in Chinese) [赵彤, 曾令祉, 王荣平, 蒋毅坚 1999 光散射学报 11 1]
[7] Guo R, Pan S H, Zhang G Y 1996 Acta Phys. Sin. 45 2005 (in Chinese) [郭儒, 潘世宏, 张光寅 1996 45 2005]
[8] Wang X Y, Li J, Li W J 2010 J. Xi'an Technological University 30 224 (in Chinese) [王晓颖, 李洁, 李武军 2010 西安工业大学学报 30 224]
[9] Ling Z F, Liu S M, Guo R, Zhang G Y 1991 Acta Phys. Sin. 40 1786 (in Chinese) [凌振芳, 刘思敏, 郭儒, 张光寅 1991 40 1786]
[10] Liu S M, Zhang G Y, Wu Y Q 1988 Acta Phys. Sin. 37 268 (in Chinese) [刘思敏, 张光寅, 武原庆 1988 37 268]
[11] Guo R, Liu S M, Ling Z F, Xu J J, Zhang G Y 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 1593 (in Chinese) [郭儒, 刘思敏, 凌振芳, 徐京军, 张光寅 1997 46 1593]
[12] Gao Y M, Liu S M, Zhao H E 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1162 (in Chinese) [高垣梅, 刘思敏, 赵红娥 2003 52 1162]
[13] Gao Y M, Liu S M, Guo R 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 2958 (in Chinese) [高垣梅, 刘思敏, 郭儒 2004 53 2958]
[14] Mordechai S, Yoav O, Baruch F 1990 Opt. Commun. 77 265
[15] Zhang G Q, Guo R 1995 Chin. Phys. Lett. 12 617
[16] Lin R, Gao Y M 2011 Phys. Lett. A 375 3228
[17] Lin R, Gao Y M 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 2724
[18] Chen F S 1969 J. Appl. Phys. 40 3389
[19] Zhang G Y, Li Q X, Ho P P, Liu S M, Wu Z K, Alfano R R 1986 Opt. Appl. 25 2955
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[1] Liu S M, Guo R, Xu J J 2004 Photorefractive Nonlinear Optics and Its Applications (2nd Ed.) (Beijing: Science Press) pp1-14 (in Chinese) [刘思敏, 郭儒, 徐京军 2004 光折变非线性光学及其应用(北京: 科学出版社) (第2版) 第1-14页]
[2] Li P L, Guo Q L, Zhang J P, Liang B L, Wang Z J, Huai S F, Fu G S 2008 Progress in Natural Science 18 1 (in Chinese) [李盼来, 郭庆林, 张金平, 梁宝来, 王志军, 怀素芳, 傅广生 2008 自然科学进展 18 1]
[3] Yang L S, Liu S M, Zhang G Y, Xu J J, Guo R, Gao Y M, Huang C F, Lu Y, Wang D Y 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 461 (in Chinese) [杨立森, 刘思敏, 张光寅, 徐京军, 郭儒, 高垣梅, 黄春福, 陆猗, 汪大云 2004 53 461]
[4] Liu S M, Zhang G Q, Zhang G Y, Xu J J, Liu J M, Men L Q 1995 Acta Phys. Sin. 44 1035 (in Chinese) [刘思敏, 张国权, 张光寅, 徐京军, 刘军民, 门丽秋 1995 44 1035]
[5] L T S, Qiu Y S, Xu L L 1991 Acta Opt. Sin. 11 36 (in Chinese) [吕团孙, 邱怡申, 许立新 1991 光学学报 11 36]
[6] Zhao T, Zeng L Z, Wang R P, Jiang Y J 1999 The J. Light Scattering 11 1 (in Chinese) [赵彤, 曾令祉, 王荣平, 蒋毅坚 1999 光散射学报 11 1]
[7] Guo R, Pan S H, Zhang G Y 1996 Acta Phys. Sin. 45 2005 (in Chinese) [郭儒, 潘世宏, 张光寅 1996 45 2005]
[8] Wang X Y, Li J, Li W J 2010 J. Xi'an Technological University 30 224 (in Chinese) [王晓颖, 李洁, 李武军 2010 西安工业大学学报 30 224]
[9] Ling Z F, Liu S M, Guo R, Zhang G Y 1991 Acta Phys. Sin. 40 1786 (in Chinese) [凌振芳, 刘思敏, 郭儒, 张光寅 1991 40 1786]
[10] Liu S M, Zhang G Y, Wu Y Q 1988 Acta Phys. Sin. 37 268 (in Chinese) [刘思敏, 张光寅, 武原庆 1988 37 268]
[11] Guo R, Liu S M, Ling Z F, Xu J J, Zhang G Y 1997 Acta Phys. Sin. 46 1593 (in Chinese) [郭儒, 刘思敏, 凌振芳, 徐京军, 张光寅 1997 46 1593]
[12] Gao Y M, Liu S M, Zhao H E 2003 Acta Phys. Sin. 52 1162 (in Chinese) [高垣梅, 刘思敏, 赵红娥 2003 52 1162]
[13] Gao Y M, Liu S M, Guo R 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 2958 (in Chinese) [高垣梅, 刘思敏, 郭儒 2004 53 2958]
[14] Mordechai S, Yoav O, Baruch F 1990 Opt. Commun. 77 265
[15] Zhang G Q, Guo R 1995 Chin. Phys. Lett. 12 617
[16] Lin R, Gao Y M 2011 Phys. Lett. A 375 3228
[17] Lin R, Gao Y M 2012 Opt. Commun. 285 2724
[18] Chen F S 1969 J. Appl. Phys. 40 3389
[19] Zhang G Y, Li Q X, Ho P P, Liu S M, Wu Z K, Alfano R R 1986 Opt. Appl. 25 2955
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