Influence of the ionospheric sporadic E layer on the performance of quantum satellite communication in the mid latitude region

Nie Min; Tang Shou-Rong; Yang Guang; Zhang Mei-Ling; Pei Chang-Xing

doi:10.7498/aps.66.070302

Abstract

Quantum communication is a brand new way of communicating, in which the quantum entanglement effect is used to transmit information. Quantum communication is a new interdisciplinary subject between quantum theory and information theory. It has advantages of perfect information security and higher efficiency in transmission. The successful launch of the first quantum satellite named Micius laid an important foundation forconstructing a secure quantum communication network on a global scale. On the other hand, in the process of quantum satellite communication, the atmospheric environment near the ground will have a certain influence on the transmission of quantum signals, so the security of quantum communication is reduced. One of the influence factors is the ionospheric sporadic E layer. In the actual quantum communication environment, when the weak coherent state light source is simulated the single photon, the source energy is attenuated if the quantum signal passes through the ionosphere. On a space scale of 80-150 km off the ground, the ionospheric sporadic E layer is an irregular thin layer, in which there occurs a sharp increase of electron density under the action of wind shear. Sporadic E layer has a great influence on quantum satellite signal transmission. However, the research about the relationship between the sporadic E layer and quantum communication channel parameters has not yet conducted. To investigate the influence of the ionospheric sporadic E layer on the performance of quantum satellite communication, sporadic E layer formation process is first analyzed. And then the relationship between the free electron density and the height is obtained. After that, the model of the free electron density, the formation thickness and the link attenuation of quantum satellite is established. According to the amplitude damping channel, the quantitative relationships among free electron density and the channel capacity, entanglement fidelity, the quantum bit error rate and the secure key rate are put forward and simulated finally. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that when the thickness is 1 km, the electron density increases from 3105 cm-1 to 27105 cm-1, the channel capacity decreases from 0.8304 to 0.1319, the entanglement fidelity decreases from 0.9386 to 0.3606, the quantum bit error rate increases from 0.0093 to 0.0769, and the secure key production rate decreases from 9.96810-5 to 1.9110-6. It can be shown that the electron density and the thickness of sporadic E layer have significant effect on the performance of quantum satellite communication. Therefore, in the process of quantum satellite communication, in order to ensure the reliability of quantum communication, based on the detection of ionosphere parameters, the various indexes of the satellite system should be adjusted adaptively.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
School of Communication and Information Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunication, Xi'an 710121, China;
2.
School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China;
3.
State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xi'an University of Electronic Science and Technology, Xi'an 710071, China

Corresponding author: Tang Shou-Rong, 1257113655@qq.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61172071, 61201194), the Natural Science Research Foundation of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2014JQ8318), the International Scientific and Technological Cooperation and Exchange Program in Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2015KW-013) and Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. 16JK1711).

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[31]	Wu J R 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)[吴建荣2011博士论文(合肥:中国科技大学)]
[32]	Dong C, Zhao S H, Zhao W H, Shi L, Zhao G H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 030302 (in Chinese)[东晨, 赵尚弘, 赵卫虎, 石磊, 赵顾颢2014 63 030302]
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Cited By

[1]	Bao X H, Reingruber A, Dietrich P, RuiJ, Dck A, Strassel T, Li L, Liu N L, Zhao B, Pan J W 2012 Nat. Phys. 8 517
[2]	Wang J Y, Yang B, Liao S K, Zhang L, Shen Q, Hu X F, Wu J C, Yang S J, Jiang H, Tang Y L, Zhong B, Liang H, Liu W Y, Hu Y H, Huang Y M, Qi B, Ren J G, Pan G S, Yin J, Jia J J, Chen Y A, Chen K, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2013 Nat. Photon. 7 387
[3]	Bruschi D E, Barlow T M, Razavi M, Beige A 2014 Phys. Rev. A 90 22232
[4]	Wang X L, Cai X D, Su Z E, Chen M C, Wu D, Li L, Liu N L, Lu C Y, Pan J W 2015 Nature 518 516
[5]	Nie M, Shang P G, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 240303 (in Chinese)[聂敏, 尚鹏钢, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸2014 63 240303]
[6]	Nie M, Ren J, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 150301 (in Chinese)[聂敏, 任杰, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸2015 64 150301]
[7]	Nie M, Ren J M, Yang G, Zhang M L, Pei C X 2016 Acta Photon. Sin. 45 0927004 (in Chinese)[聂敏, 任家明, 杨光, 张美玲, 裴昌幸2016光子学报45 0927004]
[8]	Ippolito Jr L J (translated by Sun B S) 2012 Satellite Communications Systems Engineering (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) pp91-100(in Chinese)[伊波利托著(孙宝升译) 2012卫星通信系统工程(北京:国防工业出版社)第91100页]
[9]	Xu Z W 2005 Ph. D. Dissertation (Xi'an:Xidian University) (in Chinese)[许正文2005博士论文(西安:西安电子科技大学)]
[10]	Pancheva D, Haldoupis C, Meek C E, Manson A H, Mitchell N J 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 108SIA 9-1
[11]	Bailey S M Barth C A Solomon S C 2002 J. Geophys. Res. 107 SIA 22-1
[12]	Pietrella M, Pezzopane M, Bianchi C 2014 Adv. Space Res. 54 150
[13]	Sun L F, Zhao B Q, Yue X A, Mao T 2014 Chin. J. Geophys. -CH 57 3625
[14]	Maeda J, Heki K 2015 Earth, Planets and Space 64 1
[15]	Williams B P, Berkey F T Sherman J, She C Y 2007 Annal. Geophys. 25 3
[16]	Tan H 2000 Chin. J. Space Sci. 20 373 (in Chinese)[谭辉2000空间科学学报20 373]
[17]	Matsushita S, Reddy C A 1967 J. Geophys. Res. 72 2903
[18]	Xiong N L, Tang C C, Li X J 1999 Introduction to the Physics of the Ionosphere (Wuhan:Wuhan University Press) pp276-290(in Chinese)[熊年禄, 唐存琛, 李行健1999电离层物理概论(武汉:武汉大学出版社)第276290页]
[19]	He L, Guo L, Li J 2014 Antenn. Propag. IEEE 52 724
[20]	Zhao J Z 2014 Aeronomy (Vol.1)(rearrangement) (Beijing:Peking University Press) pp168-172(in Chinese)[赵九章2014高空大气物理学(上册) (重排本) (北京:北京大学出版社)第168172页]
[21]	Yuan Z C, Shi J M 2005 Microw. J. 21 49 (in Chinese)[袁忠才, 时家明2005微波学报21 49]
[22]	Yin H, Han Y 2013 Quantum Communication Theory and Technology (Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry) pp76-103(in Chinese)[尹浩, 韩阳2013量子通信原理与技术(北京:电子工业出版社)第76130页]
[23]	Yin H, Ma H X 2006 Introduction to Quantum Communication in Military (Beijing:Military Science Press) pp49(in Chinese)[尹浩, 马怀新2006军事量子通信概论(北京:军事科学出版社)第49页]
[24]	Zhang D Y 2013 Quantum Logic Gates and Quantum Decoherence (Beijing:Science Press) pp90-110(in Chinese)[张登玉2013量子逻辑门与量子退相干(北京:科学出版社)第90110页]
[25]	Zhang Y D 2010 Quantum Mechanics (Beijing:Science Press) pp343-347(in Chinese)[张永德2010量子力学(北京:科学出版社)第343347页]
[26]	Zhang Y D 2005 Principles of Quantum Information Physics (Beijing:Science Press) pp125-151(in Chinese)[张永德2005量子信息物理原理(北京:科学出版社)第125151页]
[27]	Li K 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)[李科2009博士论文(合肥:中国科技大学)]
[28]	Nielsen A, Chuang I (translated by Zheng D Z, Zhao Q C) 2005 Quantum Computation and Quantum Information (Vol.2) (Beijing:Tsinghua University Press) pp64-71(in Chinese)[尼尔森, 庄著(郑大钟, 赵千川译) 2005量子计算和量子信息(二) (北京:清华大学出版社)第6471页]
[29]	Wu C F, Du Y N, Wang J D, Wei Z J, Qin X J, Zhao F, Zhang Z M 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 100302 (in Chinese)[吴承峰, 杜亚男, 王金东, 魏正军, 秦晓娟, 赵峰, 张智明2016 65 100302]
[30]	Gu Y B, Bao W S, Wang Y, Zhou C 2016 Chin. Phys. Lett. 33 040301
[31]	Wu J R 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Hefei:University of Science and Technology of China) (in Chinese)[吴建荣2011博士论文(合肥:中国科技大学)]
[32]	Dong C, Zhao S H, Zhao W H, Shi L, Zhao G H 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 030302 (in Chinese)[东晨, 赵尚弘, 赵卫虎, 石磊, 赵顾颢2014 63 030302]
[33]	Ma X F, Fung F C H, Razavi M 2012 Phys. Rev. A 86 052305

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