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At high latitudes, the proposed dual-beam beat wave method has become the focus of research because of its relative amplitude modulation method. The very low frequency/extra low frequency(VLF/ELF) radiation intensity does not depend on the background of the current, and can be used as an importantparameter of VLF/ELF radiation in poor background conditions. As for the background of weak natural current in middle and low latitude regions, the amplitude modulation method stimulates the VLF/ELF radiation effect poorly, therefore, at the low latitudes, the relative amplitude modulation method, dual-beam beat waves method may be more effective. In this paper, according to the pondermotive nonlinear heating theory in the upper ionosphere, a simulation model is presented about VLF/ELF radiation generated by dual-beam heating of the ionosphere via beating waves. This model is validated by calculations and the available experimental parameters. Based on this model, a comprehensive analysis is performed, involving the dependences of radiation intensity on various parameters such as latitude, effective radiation power(ERP), heating frequency, polarization, experimental times, and beating frequency difference. Then, we compare the dual-beam beat wave method with the amplitude modulation in stimulating VLF/ELF signals in the low and moderate latitude regions. Several conclusions are drawn as follows. First, the increases of geomagnetic declination and ERP of the heating facility may lead to a considerable improvement in radiation efficiency. Second, the X-mode polarization is more efficient for radiation than the O-mode polarization. Third, the most remarkable radiation effect may appear at winter night. The optimal heating frequency and the beating wave difference could be found under certain conditions. Stimulations of VLF/ELF radiation with the dual-beam beating wave method are more effectivethan the available amplitude modulation, the difference in VLF/ELF radiation intensity between the two methods is about 10 dB.
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Keywords:
- dual-beam beat waves /
- ionospheric heating /
- VLF/ELF
[1] Willis S W, Davis J R 1973 Geophys. Res. 78 5710
[2] Getmantsev G G, Zuikov N A, Kotik D S, Mironenko L F, Mityakov N A, Rapoport V O, Sazonov Y A, Trakhtengerts V Y, Eidman V Y 1974 JETP Lett. 20 101
[3] Barr R, Stubbe P 1984 Radio Sci. 19 1111
[4] Li Q L, Yang J T, Yan Y B, Zhao Y J 2008 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 23 883 （in Chinese)[李清亮, 杨巨涛, 闫玉波, 赵耀军2008电波科学学报23 883]
[5] Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 229402 （in Chinese)[郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森2013 62 229402]
[6] Maxworth A S, Gokowski M, Cohen M B, Moore R C 2015 Radio Sci. 50 1008
[7] Moore R C, Inan U S, Bell T F, Kennedy E J 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 112 A05309
[8] Platino M, Inan U S 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L16101
[9] Kapustin I N, Pertsovskii R A, Vasil'ev A N, Smirnov V S 1977 JETP Lett. 25 228
[10] Belyaev P P, Kotik D S, Mityakov S N, Polyakov S V 1987 Radiophys. Quantum Electron. 30 189
[11] Barr R, Stubbe P 1997 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 59 2265
[12] Kuo S P, Snyder A, Kossey P, Chang C L 2011 Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 L10608
[13] Cohen M B, Moore R C, Golkowski M, Lehtinen N G 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A12310
[14] Tereshchenko E D, Shumilov O I, Kasatkina E A, Gomonov A D 2014 Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 4442
[15] Ferraro A J, Lee H S, Allshouse R, Carroll K, Tomko A A 1982 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 44 1113
[16] Shoucri M M, Morales G J, Maggs J E 1984 J. Geophys. Res. 89 2907
[17] Kuo S P, Koretzky E 1999 Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 1677
[18] Stubbe P, Varnum W S 1972 Planet Space Sci. 20 1121
[19] Hansen J D, Morales G J, Maggs J E 1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97 17019
[20] Banks P, Kockarts 1973 Aeronomy（Part A and Part B)（New York:Academic Press)
[21] Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 Chin. J. Geophys. 56 2503 （in Chinese)[郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森2013地球 56 2503]
[22] Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 J. Electron. Inform. Technol. 35 1502(in Chinese)[郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森2013电子与信息学报35 1502]
[23] Deng F, Zhao Z Y, Shi R, Zhang Y N 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7382 （in Chinese)[邓峰, 赵正予, 石润, 张援农2009 58 7382]
[24] Mingaleva G I, Mingalev V S 2009 Phys. Auroral Phenomena 71 160
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[1] Willis S W, Davis J R 1973 Geophys. Res. 78 5710
[2] Getmantsev G G, Zuikov N A, Kotik D S, Mironenko L F, Mityakov N A, Rapoport V O, Sazonov Y A, Trakhtengerts V Y, Eidman V Y 1974 JETP Lett. 20 101
[3] Barr R, Stubbe P 1984 Radio Sci. 19 1111
[4] Li Q L, Yang J T, Yan Y B, Zhao Y J 2008 Chin. J. Radio Sci. 23 883 （in Chinese)[李清亮, 杨巨涛, 闫玉波, 赵耀军2008电波科学学报23 883]
[5] Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 229402 （in Chinese)[郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森2013 62 229402]
[6] Maxworth A S, Gokowski M, Cohen M B, Moore R C 2015 Radio Sci. 50 1008
[7] Moore R C, Inan U S, Bell T F, Kennedy E J 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 112 A05309
[8] Platino M, Inan U S 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L16101
[9] Kapustin I N, Pertsovskii R A, Vasil'ev A N, Smirnov V S 1977 JETP Lett. 25 228
[10] Belyaev P P, Kotik D S, Mityakov S N, Polyakov S V 1987 Radiophys. Quantum Electron. 30 189
[11] Barr R, Stubbe P 1997 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 59 2265
[12] Kuo S P, Snyder A, Kossey P, Chang C L 2011 Geophys. Res. Lett. 38 L10608
[13] Cohen M B, Moore R C, Golkowski M, Lehtinen N G 2012 J. Geophys. Res. 117 A12310
[14] Tereshchenko E D, Shumilov O I, Kasatkina E A, Gomonov A D 2014 Geophys. Res. Lett. 41 4442
[15] Ferraro A J, Lee H S, Allshouse R, Carroll K, Tomko A A 1982 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 44 1113
[16] Shoucri M M, Morales G J, Maggs J E 1984 J. Geophys. Res. 89 2907
[17] Kuo S P, Koretzky E 1999 Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 1677
[18] Stubbe P, Varnum W S 1972 Planet Space Sci. 20 1121
[19] Hansen J D, Morales G J, Maggs J E 1992 J. Geophys. Res. 97 17019
[20] Banks P, Kockarts 1973 Aeronomy（Part A and Part B)（New York:Academic Press)
[21] Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 Chin. J. Geophys. 56 2503 （in Chinese)[郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森2013地球 56 2503]
[22] Hao S J, Li Q L, Yang J T, Wu Z S 2013 J. Electron. Inform. Technol. 35 1502(in Chinese)[郝书吉, 李清亮, 杨巨涛, 吴振森2013电子与信息学报35 1502]
[23] Deng F, Zhao Z Y, Shi R, Zhang Y N 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7382 （in Chinese)[邓峰, 赵正予, 石润, 张援农2009 58 7382]
[24] Mingaleva G I, Mingalev V S 2009 Phys. Auroral Phenomena 71 160
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