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低频/甚低频电磁波的频率极低, 趋肤深度较深, 可以以很小的损耗穿透海水和地下来进行通信. 传统的低频发射天线存在尺寸和功耗较大的问题, 本文采用驻极体材料设计了一种机械天线式低频/甚低频发射天线结构. 利用激励装置驱动驻极体所带极化电荷进行机械运动, 从而产生交变的电磁场, 并激发出电磁波携带能量和信息, 在一定的媒质中传播, 以实现电磁波的高效辐射, 颠覆了传统低频/甚低频发信系统中天线尺寸需与辐射信号波长相比拟的约束. 基于该结构, 本文建立了磁场传播的解析模型, 并据此研究了天线尺寸、形状等相关参数对天线性能的影响. 给出了天线所产生场强随几何参数如半径、高度等的变化规律, 同时对比了两种不同磁场模型仿真计算的结果, 阐述了在实际情况中需要根据天线尺寸和传播距离等条件来选择适合的模型. 研究工作对于指导机械天线设计和优化天线结构具有重要意义.
Because of its stable propagation characteristics and small attenuation in the medium, low-frequency (LF) electromagnetic wave can penetrate into the sea and underground with small loss. Although its transmission bandwidth is narrow, which limits its application range, it has irreplaceable wide applications in long-distance navigation, communication and frequency release, especially in underwater communication. Therefore, the study of low frequency/very low frequency (LF/VLF) propagation is of great theoretical and military value. In the LF/VLF communication systems, the transmitting antenna is an extremely important part, and its performance has an important influence on the whole system. However, the wavelength of the LF electromagnetic wave is very long. In order to obtain the ideal radiation effect, the traditional method needs a huge transmitting antenna system, which is too large in size and power consumption. Therefore, it will be a disruptive innovation in the field to realize a technology that can significantly reduce the size the existing LF/VLF information network communication system. In view of this, in this paper we propose a kind of LF/VLF signal transmitting antenna in which an excitation device is used to drive the polarization charge of the electret to move mechanically. By accelerating the charge to form a conductive alternating electromagnetic field which can generate and radiate electromagnetic wave, under the excitation of the wave source, it carries the energy and information in the form of energy flow and propagates in a certain medium. Then, through using the magnetic field receiving system to measure the magnetic field vector in the electromagnetic wave, the effective LF/VLF signal can be obtained, thus achieving the high electromagnetic wave effective radiation which overturns the restriction that the antenna size needs to be comparable to the wave length of the radiation signal in the traditional LF navigation communication system. At the same time, an analytical model of magnetic field propagation is established based on this structure, and the influence of antenna size, shape and other relevant parameters on the performance of antenna communication are studied as well. In order to reduce the loss of accuracy and improve the calculation speed, it is necessary to choose the correct analytical model and the appropriate parameters of magnetic field generated by the mechanical antenna according to the actual situation. The research work is of great significance for designing and optimizing mechanical antennas. -
Keywords:
- low-frequency communication /
- mechanical antenna /
- electret /
- theoretical modeling
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图 1 基于驻极体材料的圆筒形机械天线结构
Fig. 1. Cylindrical mechanical antenna structure based on electret material.
图 2 有多层驻极体薄膜的天线模型 (a)单层驻极体; (b)两层驻极体
Fig. 2. Antenna model with multilayer electret film: (a) Single layer; (b) double layers.
图 3 沿X轴的信号接收点磁场计算示意图
Fig. 3. Calculation diagram of magnetic field of signal receiving point along X axis.
图 4 信号接收点分布于X-Y平面时的磁场计算示意图
Fig. 4. Schematic diagram of magnetic field calculation when signal receiving point is distributed in X-Y plane.
图 5 圆筒式天线所产生磁场计算示意图
Fig. 5. Calculation diagram of magnetic field generated by cylindrical antenna.
图 6 磁感应强度B随距离D变化(单圆筒) (a) R = 0.55 m, H = 0.1 m; (b) R = 1 m, H = 1 m
Fig. 6. Change of magnetic induction intensity B with distance D (single cylinder): (a) R = 0.55 m, H = 0.1 m; (b) R = 1 m, H = 1 m.
图 7 误差E随距离D的变化 (a) 单层圆筒结构; (b) 双层圆筒结构
Fig. 7. Variation of error E with distance D : (a) Single cylinder; (b) double cylinder.
图 8 同一信号接收点处磁感应强度及误差与高宽比关系 (a) 单层圆筒结构; (b) 双层圆筒结构
Fig. 8. Relationship of magnetic induction intensity and error to ratio at the same signal receiving point: (a) Single cylinder; (b) double cylinder.
图 9 不同距离信号接收点处误差与高宽比关系 (a) D = 5.5 m; (b) D = 10 m; (c) D = 50 m
Fig. 9. Relation between error and ratio at signal receiving points of different distance: (a) D = 5.5 m; (b) D = 10 m; (c) D = 50 m.
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[1] 陶雯, 陈鼎鼎, 何宁宁 2015 通信技术 48 375
Google Scholar
Tao W, Chen D D, He N N 2015 Communication Technology 48 375
Google Scholar
[2] 陆建勋 2002 现代军事通信 10 28
Lu J X 2002 Modern Military Communication 10 28
[3] Mark A K, Matt F, Andy H, Erik J, Matthew T W, Michael K, Robert S 2019 Nat. Commun. 10 1715
Google Scholar
[4] Valter P, Alessio D A, Marco D, Guido D A, Antonio M, Paolo C 2015 IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron. 63 2457
Google Scholar
[5] Bickford J A, McNabb R S, Ward P A, Freeman D K, Weinberg M S 2017 Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting San Diego, CA, USA, July 9–14, 2017 p1475
[6] Wang C, Cui Y, Wei M S 2019 Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation and USNC-URSI Radio Science Meeting Atlanta, GA, USA, July 7–12, 2019 p1383
[7] 崔勇, 王琛, 宋晓 2020 自动化学报 45 DOI: 10.16383/j.aas.c190678Google Scholar
Cui Y, Wang C, Song X 2020 Acta Automatica Sinica 45 DOI: 10.16383/j.aas.c190678Google Scholar
[8] 张多加 2019 硕士学位论文 (西安: 西安科技大学)
Zhang D J 2019 M. S. Thesis (Xi’an: Xi’an University of Technology) (in Chinese)
[9] Bickford J A, Duwel A E, Weinberg M S, et al. 2019 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 67 2209
Google Scholar
[10] Madanayake A, Choi S, Tarek M, Dharmasena S, Mandal S, Glickstein J, Sehirlioglu A 2017 Proceedings of Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon) Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, May 29–31, 2017 p230
[11] Wang Z, Cao Z, Yang F 2018 AIP Adv. 8 025325
Google Scholar
[12] 施伟, 周强, 刘斌 2019 68 188401
Google Scholar
Shi W, Zhou Q, Liu B 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 188401
Google Scholar
[13] Prasad M N S, Huang Y, Wang Y E 2017 Proceedings of 2017 XXXIInd General Assembly and Scientific Symposium of the International Union of Radio Science (URSI GASS) Montreal, QC, Canada, August 19–26, 2017 p1
[14] Prasad M N S, Selvin S, Tok R U, Huang Y K, Wang Y X 2018 Proceedings of 2018 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS) Anaheim, CA, USA, January 15—18, 2018 p171
[15] Gong S, Liu Y, Liu Y 2018 Prog. Electromagn. Res. M 72 125
Google Scholar
[16] 周强, 姚富强, 施伟, 郝振洋, 郑欢, 刘斌, 何攀峰 2020 中国科学: 技术科学 50 69
Google Scholar
Zhou Q, Yao F Q, Shi W, Hao Z Y, Zheng H, Liu B, He P F 2020 Scientia Sinica Technologica 50 69
Google Scholar
[17] 张林成, 陈钢进, 肖慧明, 蔡本晓, 黄华, 吴玲 2015 64 237701
Google Scholar
Zhang L C, Chen G J, Xiao H M, Cai B X, Huang H, Wu L 2015 Acta Phys. Sin 64 237701
Google Scholar
[18] 陈钢进, 饶成平, 肖慧明, 黄华, 赵延海 2015 64 237702
Google Scholar
Chen G J, Rao C P, Xiao H M, Huang H, Zhao Y H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin 64 237702
Google Scholar
[19] Wu N, Cheng X, Zhong Q, Zhong J, Li W, Wang B, Hu B, Zhou J 2015 Adv. Funct. Mater. 25 4788
Google Scholar
[20] Zhong J, Zhong Q, Chen G, Hu B, Zhao S, Li X, Wu N, Li W, Yu H, Zhou J 2016 Energy Environ. Sci. 9 3085
Google Scholar
[21] Chu Y, Zhong J, Liu H 2018 Adv. Funct. Mater. 28 1803413
Google Scholar
[22] Xiao H M, Chen G J, Chen X M, Chen Z 2017 Sci. Rep. 7 8443
Google Scholar
[23] Chen G J, Lei M F, Xiao H M, Wu L 2014 Chin. Phys. Lett. 31 127702
Google Scholar
[24] 夏钟福 2001 驻极体 (北京: 科学出版社) 第1, 2页
Xia Z F 2001 Electrets (Beijing: Science Press) pp1, 2 (in Chinese)
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