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Scannerless (flash) lidar system based on streak camera is able to realize three-dimensional (3D) multi-spectral fluorescence imaging and 3D imaging polarimetry. Compared with conventional lidar system, the flash lidar system overcomes image distortions caused by the motion between the target and the sensor platform. Other advantages of the flash lidar system are higher image update rates and the potential for creating a miniaturized lidar system. To meet the requirements for developing this new technology, a super small-sized, large photocathode area and meshless streak tube with spherical cathode and screen is designed with the aid of computer simulation technology (CST) software. The tube with nearly 28 mm wide photocathode work area contains two electrostatic focusing lens, a pair of deflection plates, and a 50 mm diameter output screen. The external dimension of the tube is merely 50 mm100 mm. And its electromagnetic fields are calculated in the CST Particle Studio based on the finite integration theory. Some dynamic properties of the tube are analyzed via observing different electron trajectories launched from a number of different points on the cathode. The influences of the deflector position on deflection sensitivity and spatial resolution are analyzed. Increasing the distance between the deflector and the anode pin hole leads to a worse deflection sensitivity but a better spatial resolution. As for the temporal resolution, three electron pulses separated by 30 ps can be well resolved by the streak tube in the dynamic mode. Thus, the dynamic temporal resolution of the streak tube is better than 30 ps. And a 10 lp/mm spatial resolution across the 28 mm long slit on the photocathode can be obtained by estimating modulation transfer functions of the electron trajectories. Temporal distortions at the entire photocathode working area are evaluated, and the data reveal that the larger the photocathode working area, the bigger the temporal distortions are. Also, the temporal distortion is present mainly in the photocathode-to-deflection plates region. In addition, the slit image of the streak tube working in the dynamic mode is simulated and presented. The phenomenon that the slit image is curved due to the temporal distortion is analyzed. Two rectangular electron pulses separated by 50 ps are well resolved by the streak tube. Therefore, the temporal resolution of this small-size steak tube is better than 50 ps with a rectangular slit dimension of 30 mm50 m on the photocathode, and its electron-optic magnification is 1.2.
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Keywords:
- scannerless lidar system /
- meshless /
- electron trajectories /
- temporal distortion
[1] Liu R, Tian J S, Li H, Wang Q Q, Wang C, Wen W L, Lu Y, Liu H L, Cao X B, Wang J F, Xu X Y, Wang X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 058501 (in Chinese) [刘蓉, 田进寿, 李昊, 王强强, 王超, 温文龙, 卢裕, 刘虎林, 曹希斌, 王俊锋, 徐向晏, 王兴 2014 63 058501]
[2] Zhu M, Tian J S, Wen W L, Wang J F, Cao X B, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Sai X F, Liu H L, Wang X, Li W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 098501 (in Chinese) [朱敏, 田进寿, 温文龙, 王俊锋, 曹希斌, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 赛小锋, 刘虎林, 王兴, 李伟华 2015 64 098501]
[3] Gelbart A, Redman B C, Light R S, Schwartzlow C A, Griffis A J 2002 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, July 29, 2002 p9
[4] Mclean J W 1999 Proceedings of SPIE on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging Denver, Colorado, USA, October 28, 1999 p10
[5] Gao J, Sun J F, Wang Q 2014 Optik 125 5199
[6] Sun J F, Wang T J, Wang X F, Wei J S, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 2674
[7] Yang H R, Wu L, Wang X P, Chen C, Yu B, Yang B, Yuan L, Wu L P, Xue Z L, Li G P, Wu B N 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 8825
[8] Gleckler A D 2000 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 5, 2000 p266
[9] Gleckler A D, Gelbart A 2001 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 19, 2001 p175
[10] Liu J, Wang Q, Li S, Cheng Y, Wei J 2009 Laser Phys. 19 115
[11] Sun J F, Liu J B, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 204
[12] Tian Z S, Cui Z H, Zhang L T, Xu T C, Zhang Y C, Fu S Y 2014 Chin. Opt. Lett. 12 060015
[13] Niu H 1983 Proceedings of SPIE on High Speed Photography and Photonics San Diego, March 1, 1983 p231
[14] Weiland T 1996 Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Network. Dev. Field. 9 295
[15] Hua Z Y, Gu C X 1993 Electron Optics (Shanghai: Fudan University Press) p241 (in Chinese) [华中一, 顾昌鑫 1993 电子光学 (上海: 复旦大学出版社)第 241 页]
[16] Liu H B 2004 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS) (in Chinese) [刘宏波 2004 硕士学位论文 (西安: 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所)]
[17] Tian J S, Zhao B S, Wu J J, Zhao W, Liu Y Q, Zhang J 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3368 (in Chinese) [田进寿, 赵宝升, 吴建军, 赵卫, 刘运全, 张杰 2006 55 3368]
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[1] Liu R, Tian J S, Li H, Wang Q Q, Wang C, Wen W L, Lu Y, Liu H L, Cao X B, Wang J F, Xu X Y, Wang X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 058501 (in Chinese) [刘蓉, 田进寿, 李昊, 王强强, 王超, 温文龙, 卢裕, 刘虎林, 曹希斌, 王俊锋, 徐向晏, 王兴 2014 63 058501]
[2] Zhu M, Tian J S, Wen W L, Wang J F, Cao X B, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Sai X F, Liu H L, Wang X, Li W H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 098501 (in Chinese) [朱敏, 田进寿, 温文龙, 王俊锋, 曹希斌, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 赛小锋, 刘虎林, 王兴, 李伟华 2015 64 098501]
[3] Gelbart A, Redman B C, Light R S, Schwartzlow C A, Griffis A J 2002 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, July 29, 2002 p9
[4] Mclean J W 1999 Proceedings of SPIE on Airborne and In-Water Underwater Imaging Denver, Colorado, USA, October 28, 1999 p10
[5] Gao J, Sun J F, Wang Q 2014 Optik 125 5199
[6] Sun J F, Wang T J, Wang X F, Wei J S, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 2674
[7] Yang H R, Wu L, Wang X P, Chen C, Yu B, Yang B, Yuan L, Wu L P, Xue Z L, Li G P, Wu B N 2012 Appl. Opt. 51 8825
[8] Gleckler A D 2000 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 5, 2000 p266
[9] Gleckler A D, Gelbart A 2001 Proceedings of SPIE on Laser Radar Technology and Applications Orlando, USA, September 19, 2001 p175
[10] Liu J, Wang Q, Li S, Cheng Y, Wei J 2009 Laser Phys. 19 115
[11] Sun J F, Liu J B, Wang Q 2013 Optik 124 204
[12] Tian Z S, Cui Z H, Zhang L T, Xu T C, Zhang Y C, Fu S Y 2014 Chin. Opt. Lett. 12 060015
[13] Niu H 1983 Proceedings of SPIE on High Speed Photography and Photonics San Diego, March 1, 1983 p231
[14] Weiland T 1996 Int. J. Numer. Model. Electron. Network. Dev. Field. 9 295
[15] Hua Z Y, Gu C X 1993 Electron Optics (Shanghai: Fudan University Press) p241 (in Chinese) [华中一, 顾昌鑫 1993 电子光学 (上海: 复旦大学出版社)第 241 页]
[16] Liu H B 2004 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of CAS) (in Chinese) [刘宏波 2004 硕士学位论文 (西安: 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所)]
[17] Tian J S, Zhao B S, Wu J J, Zhao W, Liu Y Q, Zhang J 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3368 (in Chinese) [田进寿, 赵宝升, 吴建军, 赵卫, 刘运全, 张杰 2006 55 3368]
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